SPARK YOUR INTEREST:

Which of the following do you think is a mineral? Encircle your answer.

Answer: TABLE SALT & GOLD

YOUR TIME TO EXPLORE:

Guide Questions:

1. Which of the rock outputs show the most discernible crayon/candlewax shavings?
Answer: Setup Rock A
2. Which of the rock outputs show complete combination of the crayon/candlewax shavings?
Answer: Setup Rock B
3. How were you able to mix the crayon/candlewax completely?
After they've been melted and cooled, they should feel hard and smooth again just like the
igneous rock.

DEEPEN YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

Rock A is SEDIMENTARY rock.

Rock B is IGNEOUS rock.

Rock C is METAMORPHIC rock.

Mini-Activity! Predict what may happen to rocks if they are subjected to the following:

Situation Prediction
Stirred in water It looked almost the same
Cooked It looked bigger
Marinated in soy sauce and vinegar Dissolution
Stomped on Some pieces would come off

APPLYING THE CONCEPTS

Science in History! Based on what we have learned, let us take a look back to how these exogenic
activities shaped one of the most flourishing and impacting members of the biosphere – humans.

1. Name at least 3 ancient civilizations and their location:

a. Mesopotamian Civilization – Northeast by the Zagros mountains, southeast by the
Arabian plateau (Iraq, Syria, and Turkey)
b. Indus Valley Civilization - Around the basin of the Indus river (Northeast Afghanistan
to Pakistan and northwest India)
c. Ancient Egypt Civilization – Banks of Nile (Egypt)
2. What is common to the cradles of civilization? To which subsystem does it belong to?
 Mesopotamia is often referred to as the cradle of civilization because it is the first place where
complex urban centers grew; which is comprised of the modern nations of Egypt, Iran, Syria,
Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, the Gulf states and Turkey. We often refer to this region as the Near
or Middle East.
3. Why do you think civilizations arise from these places?

4. What disasters may arise from exogenic process?

Exogenic phenomena refer to any external processes or events in space that effect the earth,
from the radiation of the sun, to the magnetic force of the moon producing the ocean tides, to
meteoroid impact events.

5. What are the activities done by man that significantly impact the exogenic processes?

In the remaining space below, suggest activities that we can do that can help mitigate hazards posed by
exogenic processes (at least 5):