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VICTIMOLOGY The study of the victims of crime and the psychological

effects of their experience

Psychological comes from the words Psychology which means mental and
emotional state of a person
When we say mental state, it pertains to the way or system of thinking of
individual or the condition of the mind when we say emotional is means
body feelings what are those basic emotion for the victim
Basic are the basic emotion
Sadness - KALUNGKUTAN
Anger - GALIT
Disgust - SAMA NG LOOB
Contempt - PAGHAMAK
Fear - TAKOT

Psychological effects
Anger siyempre the victim galit yan sa offender pero nakakaramdam siya ng
takot sa offender In serious cases, it can cause sleeplessness, flashbacks to
the offence or troma sa tagalog Feelings of anxiety or Balisa di mapalagay di
alam ang gagawin nagaalala or worries about revictimization, sometimes
leading to feelings of loss of trust in one’s community and in society to
include his or her families and relatives. That’s why some of the victim of
serious crimes or sexually abuse committed suicide (DSWD)

II. VICTIMS AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

Victim Impact Statements at Sentencing. Sentencing attracts more interest
than any other stage of the criminal process. Victims look toward a
sentencing court to vindicate their suffering and to mark the crime by
imposing an appropriate penalty on the convicted offender and it only
happens when the victim navigate through the criminal justice system.

III. CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM

Refers to the agencies of government charged with enforcing law,
adjudicating and correcting criminal conduct.
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I Is a legal process adapted by a civilized society in the prevention and

solution of crimes which is carried on through proper investigation and
disposition.

On its meaning it is clear stated that CJS refers to AGENCIES OF THE

GOVERNMENT and what are those

Law Enforcement
Prosecutor
Judge
Correction
Community

1. Police/Law enforcement is preventive and deterrent activity. What is

mean by deterrent it means somethings that discourage someone from doing
something or to commit mistakes or crime.  It consists of patrolling to
supervise conduct, investigating to identify offenders and/or recover stolen
or missing property, warning or arresting those who are probably guilty of
criminal behavior, and assisting in the prosecution and trial of offenders.  Its
goals are all aimed towards the prevention of crime and disorder,
preservation of peace, and the protection of life, property and individual
freedom.

The Philippine National Police (PNP) and the National Bureau of

Investigation (NBI) spearhead the law enforcement function.  In short sila
ang nanguna or led law enforcement function

Objectives of the law enforcement:

               a.   Crime Prevention
               b.   Criminal Apprehension
               c.   Order Maintenance
d.   Public Services and
e.   Traffic Regulations and motor accident
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investigation

2. Prosecution To this group belong the City, Provincial and Regional State
Prosecutors of the Department of Justice, and the investigators and
prosecutors of the Office of the Ombudsman.
 
They conduct preliminary investigations (if the respondent was not caught in
the act of committing the crime) or inquest proceedings (if the respondent
was caught in the act of committing the crime) to determine whether or not
there is probable cause (reasonable ground) to prosecute the respondent in
court. If they found probable cause, they lodge a criminal charge against the
respondent before the court. Otherwise, they dismiss the case.

3. COURTS This group belongs the

Municipal Trial Courts (for crimes punishable by imprisonment not
exceeding six (6) years)
The Shari’a Circuit Courts in the ARMM (for criminal violations of the
Muslim Code or the Code of Muslim Personal Laws of the Philippine)
Regional Trial Courts (for crimes punishable by imprisonment of more than
six years
The Sandiganbayan (for crimes committed by government officials with
salary grade 27 above
the Court of Appeals (for appeals from the decisions of the Regional Trial
Courts
The Supreme Court (for appeals from the decisions of the Court of Appeals,
Sandiganbayan and automatic review of decisions of the Regional Trial
Courts and the Sandiganbayan where the penalty imposed is reclusion
perpetua)

 4. CORRECTIONS:
This group belong the various Jails
Municipal, City and Provincial Jails)
The Bureau of Corrections (in Muntinlupa) and other correctional facilities.
While the criminal case is pending in court, the accused shall be detained at
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the Municipal, City or Provincial Jail unless he posts a bail bond for his
provisional liberty and if the offense is bailable. After conviction, the
convict will be sent to the Bureau of Corrections to serve his sentence.

Always remember that our criminal justice is a corrective measure. The

correction officials are mandated to see to it that the convict is reformed and
is able to re-integrate (muling magkasama) himself into the community after
serving his sentence. The convict has no choice but to return to the
community and have a peaceful if his wrong doing corrected by the
correction if not he will commit again a crime

5. THE COMMUNITY: is a social unit with commonality such as norms,

religion, values, customs, or identity

The Filipino community produces our law enforcers, prosecutors,Court and

correction facilities).
 
Members of the community are also the victims of crimes, direct or indirect.
They are also the beneficiaries of an efficient and effective criminal justice
system in the form of a peaceful and fear-free environment.

The community is also the greatest source of information about the

commission of a crime. It is from the community that most witnesses come,
including victims and whistleblowers. Most crimes against property (theft,
robbery, etc.) are dismissed because the victim and witness failed to testify
in court proceedings, especially when the stolen items or property is
recovered and as a result , thieves and robbers are set free, and then they are
free again to steal and rob!
 
IV. VICTIMS' JOURNEY/SUFFERING
A victims' journey starts with the crime but they can take two different
routes.

1.not to report the crime

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Many victims may choose not to report the crime. As a result, they never
come into contact with the criminal justice system. They decided not to
report the crime why
Because Victim fear Feelings of helplessness (kawalan ng kakayahan) and
the perceived (pinaghihinalaang) powerlessness (kawalan ng lakas) of police
the threat of further victimization from authorities lastly financial issue and
time element

2. Report the crime

A smaller number of crime victims opted to report the crime and attempt to
navigate through the criminal justice system. Because for them reporting a
crime increase their personal safety, they have Trust and confidence to our
police specially in present leadership
Some victim reports the crime to get support in a sense that there are several
organizations that gives support to the victim to includes financial assistance

V. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VICTIMS AND THEIR OFFENDER

A significant amount of crime consists of acquaintance (Kakilala) or family

crime and interpersonal crime(Ic can be committed by a person who is or
has been in a romantic relationship, spouse or partner, family member,
cohabitant, or household member including a roommate. The
relationship between offenders and their victims has been looked at in many
contexts, including proximity to home (Kapitbahay)

In studying the relationship of the victim and offender Always include the
issue of

a. Absence of forced entry into a locked victim residence or secured work

area

b. Evidence of overkill in the attack upon the victim (more force than is
necessary to subdue or eliminate the victim as a witness)
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c. without sign of struggle

this information provides clue regarding victim relationship which is
a big help in the early solution of the crime committed