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PSP Tutorial 1 PDF
PSP Tutorial 1 PDF
PSP Tutorial 1 PDF
Mohammed Alzuhairi
Tutorial Sheet No.1 Part-I
Unit – 1
It is the minimum current in the relay coil at which the relay starts to operate.
3. Define reach.
It is the distance up to which the relay will cover for protection.
4. Define blocking.
It means preventing the relay from tripping due to its own characteristics or due to
additional relays.
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o Effect of vibration is nil, hence can be used in earthquake-prone areas
o Simplified testing and servicing. Can convert even non-electrical quantities to
electrical in conjunction with transducers.
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17. State the different types of faults.
Symmetrical faults and unsymmetrical faults and open conductor faults.
Unit -2
Mark the correct statement by (√ ) and wrong statement by (Χ) ,or select the correct answer
in each of the following:
1. The relay function is to cause fast disconnection of equipment from power system to
minimize damages during normal conditions: [ X]
2. Numerical relays are those in which the measured quantities are converted into lower
voltage but similar signals, which are then combined or compared directly to reference values
to produce the desired output. The measured quantities are treated by Digital Signal
Processing (DSP) subroutine. [X]
4. □ Protection relays closest to the fault location should operate first and circuit breakers
closest to fault should be opened first.
5. □ As protection relays or circuit breakers may fail to operate during a fault on occasions,
back-up is necessary.
6.□ Short circuit and earth faults are considered as abnormal conditions in a power system.
7. □ Wattmetric, induction –cup and shaded – pole relays are solid –state relay type.
8.□ In an attracted armature type relay, if the restraining force is greater than the operating
force then rely will operate.
9. □ Analog relays are those in which the measured quantities are converted into lower
voltage but similar signals, which are then combined or compared directly to reference values
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in level detectors to produce the desired output. The measured quantities are treated by Fast
Fourier Transform (FFT) subroutine.
10. □ Digital relays are those in which the measured ac quantities are sequentially sampled
and converted into numeric data form. A microprocessor performs mathematical and/or
logical operations on the data to make trip decisions using Digital Signal Processing.
Unit -3
2. Power frequency, overvoltage or undervoltage are considered as short – circuit faults. True
or False?
3. In an attracted armature type relay, if the restraining force is greater than the operating
force then rely will not operate. True or False?
6. An electromagnetic relay of attracted armature type has a constants K1= 0.6 and K2= 8. If a
current flow through its winding is I = 5A, then the net force produced on the relays armature
is:
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Unit-4
1. An RC circuit, used to produce time delay for a solid – state relay, is shown in Fig. 1. For
a step input voltage vi(t) = 6u(t), the output voltage vo(t) = 3V and C = 10 μF. Determine
the time delay (tdelay) for the following cases: (a) R = 10 k Ω; and (b) R = 1 M Ω. Sketch the
output vo(t) versus time for cases (a) and (b).
Fig.1
Solution