‘Scanned with CamScannerof Reinforced Concrete Buildings gx 121 and ductility 1s required for RCC structures L Be ret 1 fo - Sl to make them and dissipating seismic energy 1" an efficient and prscregaee cement details in beams (flexural members), jon joints have been included. This code is ic zones Il, IV and V. specifications and, reinfor' cession bers, shear walls, construct! PRCC puildings and structures located in Seismi Se can be used in consultation with other codes like ; 2000 “Code Of Practice For Plain & Reii revision)” nforced Concrete (fourth Design Of Structures (ff revision)” mn For High Strength Deformed Steel Bars and jg 1786 = 1985 “specificatio # Wires for Concrete Reinforcement (third revision)” Ss OF REINFORCEMENT Pune, vy for flexural members, axial compression | specifications and details of reinforceme! walls and structural joints have been discussed below : f Conerete and Steel Reinforcement = : regarding selection 0 FRCC buildings shall follow specific guidelines and provisions for design and construction = 2000. ‘of concrete : For all buildings hav’ than M20 are considered to be Jean ct shall be M20 because grades less ‘ess compressive strengths. ‘Concrete is provided in RCC members t0 wit stresses and shear strength by developing proper pond around the steel reinforcement. of steel : As per new guidelines laid down 1s 456-2000, the steel to be used Should be of the grade Fedl5 or Tess (Grade of steels as per IS 1786 : 1985)- + values of characteristic i Fe 415. Generally the yi ing RCC structures Dut steel of iower grade could Be used in they have long yielding duration and greater breaking strain. ie which flexural (ending) is expected during earthquakes the minimum oncretes ing height more than 3 storey*, thstand LE DETAILING IN FLEXURAL MEMBERS induced by Seismic shaking tile. JO DESIGN DUCT! members belp in resisting Fores roading should not exceed O°? fek 1 seismic analysis eae i members, but if exceeds, then prope! i osu meni Sal be Ea OS external loading, flexurals ‘members can have greater = awh Oe ms 0 inte ‘ccs than 200 fmm shows greater magnimude Scanned with CamScanner122 Fig. 4.14 : Arrangement of a 10. Earthquake Resistant Building 1 Overall depth (D) of the beam shall not be greater than {of clean span (1) helps in uniform distribution of strain and Jateral buckling. “Longitodinal Reinforcement” should include at least two full length straight tq top and bottom of the beam so that member remains safe against reverse loading pg (ie. tensile and compressive stresses interchange their positions). ‘To provide adequate ductility and avoiding brittle failure, the tension steel at any so, (mq) should not be less than 0-24 J fek/ fj be Pmin £ 0-24 VIKTH , were and fy are the characteristic strength of concrete and steel respectively (in MPa) Maximum steel ratio Pg > 0:025 for avoiding congestion which will not aj concrete to reach the farthest end while casting an RCC member. For earthquake resis structures under Teinforced sections are generally considered safe. Steel resisting positive bending moment at face of joint must be at least equal to = the steel resisting negative bending moment. ‘The joints of beam and columns placed at the ends of the building must have top bottom steel with adequate anchorage length beyond the inner face of the column whi is equal to the development length plus 10 times the diameter of the bar minus allowa for 90° bends. Whereas for internal beam-column junction, the bars (both top and bottom) should cr throughout the column steel so as to make the junction ductile and provide adea anchorage of beam reinforcement with the columns in a pattern as shown below Plat 10d Lg+10dp Lip = Development in tension dp = Diameter of bar ici of Bar column Splicing of the ingid tare rs in external joint of beam and coU over the entire length at spaci uld be done only if hoops (lateral ties) 8 ye length (portion overigypedy gic, "8S than 150 mm. Care should be take® provided in tension portion, MOL be less than the development length ° Scanned with CamScannerded at joints. within a distance of 2d from face of the joint to see that not more than 50 50% of the ba {in flexural me 15 shall be spliced am mbers are to be provided with closely 5 at ‘of concrete cover is eliminated. ly: spaced stirrups a st be sajpitity, of FOSS fg 150mm inforcement connections may be used for splicing than the parent material. ‘and chances of splice Splicing of tension stee! re hhanical interlocking ¢ to be more stron§ reach this peak values ent in form of vertical closed ‘hoops (called stirrups) should have 135° hook not less than 75 777, with each end i the diameter and Scanned with CamScannerEarthquake Resistant Building ¢, embedded in confined core of concrete. This type of reinforcement js also ig web reinforcement which is generally provided 10 prevent the lateraj py 00¥™ compression bar required to confine the concrete along the length of the bean chances of yielding are maximum, 0 Whe Minimum diameter of the bar used to form hoop (stirrups) shall be 6 mm whereas fo hhaving clear span exceeding 5m, the diameter of hoop reinforcement shall be & my, O Longitudinal bars resists the tension forces due to bending, while vertical stirry forces developed in flexural members. At least two bars should be provided for top and bottom. 4.13.2. GUIDELINES FOR DESIGN OF COLUMNS SUBJECTED TO axia) IN FRAMED CONSTRUCTION (® These guidelines apply to members subjected to axial loads and factored axial yy, exceeding 0:1 feck. (fck is characteristic compressive strength of concrete. For ¢." ‘M20 grade concrete, fck = 20 N/mm? or 20 MPa) (ii) Minimum lateral dimension of the member shall not be less than 200 mm. For fray RCC structures having centre to centre span of beams exceeding Sm and unsuppor length exceeding 4m, the least lateral dimension of the column shall not be less th 300 mm. (ii?) Ratio of least lateral dimension of column to the dimension perpendicular shall nx less than 0-4, (iv) In “longitudinal steel” splicing (overlapping) shall not be provided near the joints can be provided at central half of the member length. Confining reinforcement in f of lateral ties (Rings) shall be provided with centre to centre spac 150 mm. (vy) Not more than: half the number of longitudinal main bars shall be spliced at one seto# (vi) Due to architectural purposes, if the area of the column exceeds the confining cow 100 mm, then ductile detailing as per this code is required, otherwise steel § provided as per IS : 456-2000, PS Tesist sh ful tenga L Lowy f > 100mm Fig. 4.17 Projections on column exceeds 100 be as shown above, Due to architectural purposes if core, then reinforcement should Scanned with CamScanneraure of Reinforced Concrete Buildings 125 -” is generally required in columns as they have to resist large shear loads. A rectangular hoop is a closed ring (or stirrup) having 135° fexension of ends measuring 10 times the diameter of the bar used. In case columns, circular ties or spirals may be used. engin of any side of the rectangular stirrup (either length or width) exceeds then it is necessary to provide a cross tie, same 3 Fig. 4.18 “4.18 shows (a) Two legged stirrup (b) Two legged stirrup with a cross tie provided en either face of column exceeds 300 mm. centre to cenire spacing of lateral reinforcement is necessary 10 restrain lateral r of longiudimal steel and for confinement of concrete due 10 axial loads acing : hem, Therefore, it becomes necessary that the spacing shall not exceed half lateral dimension of the columns for preventing the buckling. y spaced lateral ties should be placed near the ends of the column upto a length : towards mid span and area of concern lke splicing near the joints with the Peams n in fig, 4.19. while designing the lateral reinforcement in the areas where earthquake forces are more. The length (lo) shall not be less ‘Scanned with CamScannerEarthquake Resistant Building ¢, ; 126 08 Contac () iw of the clear length of the member (i.e, clear span) {c) 450 mm This confinement helps in supporting and increases lateral resistance of concrete core Tongitudinal main reinforcement bars against buck against the action of vertical loads acting ES them. Nene Joint reinforcement eek he ea Transverse reinforcement | he as per7.2.1 fe 4 HITS Confined joint with beams framing into all four sides Contining reinforcement Fig. 4.19 : Beam-Column junction detailed as per IS : 13920 - 1993 (xi) Column must be continuous in nature i.e. it should start from the footing © and should travel to the top of the building for transfer of structural and seismic effectively to the foundation, For stability of joint between column and mat (/0 special confining (closely spaced) lateral reinforcement shall extend at least 3 into mat of building. AS the foundation has to take up heavy axial and flex! Scanned with CamScannermodes of fle of Reinforced Concrete Buldings ™ om fore foundation of the building must be the ere undatior strongest among all the members for efficiently distributing the load on wider area of soil Teese Special care taken for vertical steel in footing by placing closely spaced lateral ties for a portion greater then 300 mm. ‘The variation in stiffness along the column height can be due to bracing of columns, presence of mezzanine floor (intermediate slab provided 10 distribute the vertical head Foom in two parts also called loft) ot an RCC wall on either side of the column which extends only over a part of column height as shown in fig. 4.21 (a) & 4.21 (b) (il) ‘Space for Unsupported ‘Shear ; Infted paneVR C wail 421: is in which ventilators are provided ~ This leads to shear failure = (a) nfl walls n unsupported length of columns i Scanned with CamScannertorthquoke Renistort Buileing ¢ OC wall on WHE OF HAE Increases ihe, ote pene wins we 1 rit Tare 4 barb confinement of reinforcement in this portion ud column effect due to loft. Short columns attract large seismic forces as compared to regular column 4.43.3. GUIDELINES FOR JOINTS IN FRAMED STRUCTURES Joins in a framed structure are area of special concern because during earthquake mo i — showld work like hinges for effective performance. Following guidelines must be adherss ' (®) Bads of the columns requires special confining reinforcement which should be provided trough the beam * it ‘helps in ‘Tesisting shear force transmitted by members of ye ‘frame. It also belps in improving bond between concrete and steel in the joint porter ‘Minimum lateral reinforcement which is required in the joi oe , i joint should be same as { i. cmmaas carne Which is designed for column ends above or below the jo | ‘GUIDELINES ‘SHEAR WALLS ‘Walls which a tee wt as oe ee to resist shear forees in their plane are called she ® points must be Kept ia mind (as lateral seismic force resisting system of a building. 2 em discussed in IS ; 13920 ; 1993) for effective ductile deta (Thickness of wall shall not be less than 150 ‘ ore prone to lateral buckling and out of gick ‘mm because thin sections are MOF (@) Shear walls must have 7 sins Gongiwudinal and 1 Feinforcement uniformly distributed in both the “°° ‘controlled. ? in the plane of wall, so that the width of cracks © Fig. 421 : (8) Short f Ly ye By part of the wall shall not exe jo" ‘Soanned with CamScannerd Concrete Buildings 129 ry elements are the portions along the wall edges which are to be strengthened din Jongitudinal and transverse teinforcement in form of mesh. Columns may oduced in boundary elements and confined lateral reinforcement (ties or stirrups) ‘be provided in these columns. ‘ ‘poundary elements must have adequate axial load carrying capacity and the vertical ent shall not be less than 0-8% and not greater than 6%. For making congestion free n, generally 4% vertical reinforcement is provided. _GUIDELINES FOR OPENINGS IN WALLS (i Reinforcement shall be provided along the edges of the openings in walls so that crack __ if developed due to seismic forces must not increase. Openings in shear walls must be checked for effective transfer of load from superstuctire ie re. shall travel upto the edges of walls for proper anchorage or the confined portion of the boundary elements avoided i regions having chances of yielding. Splicing in adjacent vine staggered by » minimum of 6O0 mm. ad ie a's qoovited sound sliced bars ing Gemenes more (an 6 2 1 used for making lateral ties shall pot be less than qin of the |The diameter of the bar ns “ with centre to centre spacing not exceeding of spliced bar or minimum 6 mum 150m: or mechanical Connections shall be provided in overlapped portions ac 150 mm. ‘Scanned with CamScanner