TEMS™ Investigation 13.

0
Technical Product Description

Prepared by: Date: Document:

Ascom Network Testing 12 April 2011 TPD 8901-0006 Rev A

© Ascom (2011)
TEMS is a trademark of Ascom. All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders.
No part of this document may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the copyright holder.
The contents of this document are subject to revision without notice due to continued progress in methodology, design and
manufacturing. Ascom shall have no liability for any error or damage of any kind resulting from the use of this document.
 Contents
1 Introduction ................................................................ 1
1.1 Building Blocks of TEMS Investigation ...................................1
1.2 Connectable Equipment ...........................................................1
1.3 What’s New in TEMS Investigation 13.0 ..................................2
1.4 Supported Cellular System Versions ......................................5
1.5 Where to Find Out More ...........................................................6

2 The TEMS Investigation Concept ............................. 7

3 Data Handled in TEMS Investigation ....................... 8

3.1 Information Elements ...............................................................8
3.2 Events ........................................................................................8
3.3 Cell Data ....................................................................................9

4 Vehicles of Presentation in TEMS

Investigation ............................................................. 10
4.1 Message Windows ..................................................................10
4.2 Line Charts ..............................................................................11
4.3 Bar Charts ...............................................................................12
4.4 Map Windows ..........................................................................13
4.5 Status Windows ......................................................................15
4.6 Event Counter Window...........................................................16

5 Collecting Data with TEMS Investigation .............. 17

5.1 Technologies ..........................................................................17
5.2 Logfile Recording and Transfer .............................................18
5.3 Service Control: Automation of Testing................................19
5.4 Obtaining PESQ and Other Audio Quality
Measurements ........................................................................21
5.5 Control Functionality for Phones ..........................................23
5.6 Scanning .................................................................................24
5.7 Loading Cell Site Data ............................................................26

6 Analyzing Data with TEMS Investigation ............... 27

6.1 Monitoring Data Services .......................................................28
6.2 Monitoring Handovers ............................................................36
6.3 Monitoring Voice in UMTS .....................................................37
6.4 Monitoring Voice in CDMA .....................................................38

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 6.5 Scanning: LTE ........................................................................39
6.6 Scanning: WCDMA .................................................................40
6.7 Scanning: GSM .......................................................................46
6.8 Role of Cell Data in Presentations .........................................47
6.9 Monitoring of Events and Signaling ......................................48
6.10 Seeing the Big Picture: Uplink Data (GSM) ...........................49

7 Logfile Reading Capabilities ................................... 51

8 Logfile Export and Logfile Report Generation ...... 52

8.1 Export of Logfiles ...................................................................52
8.2 Logfile Reports .......................................................................52

9 Connectable Equipment .......................................... 53

9.1 Phones, Data Cards, and Scanners Offered with TEMS
Investigation 13.0....................................................................53
9.2 Selected Capabilities of Devices Offered with TEMS
Investigation 13.0....................................................................56
9.3 Scanning Support by Device .................................................57
9.4 GPS Devices ...........................................................................57
9.5 Accessories ............................................................................58

10 Hardware and Software Requirements .................. 59

10.1 Hardware and Software Requirements for TEMS
Investigation Application .......................................................59
10.2 Hardware and Software Requirements for Call
Generator ................................................................................60
10.3 Requirements for TEMS UDP Server Software .....................60

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 1 Introduction
TEMS Investigation 13.0 is an air interface test tool for cellular networks,
supporting all of the following technologies:
 GSM/GPRS/EGPRS
 WCDMA/HSPA/HSPA+
 LTE (FDD and TDD)
 TD-SCDMA
 cdmaOne/cdma2000/EV-DO Rev 0/EV-DO Rev A
 iDEN.
The product is also capable of scanning WiMAX carriers.
TEMS Investigation enables monitoring of voice and video telephony as
well as a variety of data services over packet-switched and circuit-switched
connections. The software application runs under Windows 7 (64-bit and
32-bit), Windows Vista, or Windows XP.

1.1 Building Blocks of TEMS Investigation

TEMS Investigation is primarily a tool for data collection and real-time
analysis. It interfaces with phones, data cards, scanners, and other
measurement devices; it collects data and records it in logfiles. TEMS
Investigation also allows presentation and analysis of one logfile at a time.
It is possible to purchase TEMS Investigation without the data collection
capability. Customers who dispense with TEMS Investigation data
collection are still able to use the non-real- time functions of the application
(single-logfile replay, logfile reports, logfile export).
Powerful post-processing facilities are provided by TEMS™ Discovery,
which can be bundled with TEMS Investigation whenever the data
collection feature is purchased.
Cellular technologies (GSM, WCDMA, TD-SCDMA, LTE, CDMA, iDEN,
WiMAX) can be freely selected and combined, except that WCDMA always
comes with GSM support included.
Audio quality measurement (AQM), including PESQ, is available as an
option for both GSM/WCDMA and CDMA. Audio quality measurement can
also be performed for voice-over-IP (VoIP).

1.2 Connectable Equipment

See chapter 9 for further details.

1.2.1 Phones and Data Cards

TEMS Investigation supports a wide variety of user terminals, including
ones from Sony Ericsson, LG, Nokia, Qualcomm, Novatel, Sierra Wireless,

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 Option, Samsung, and Datang. They allow comprehensive monitoring of
GSM/WCDMA, LTE, TD-SCDMA, and CDMA networks and of GSM–
UTRAN as well as cdmaOne–cdma2000–EV-DO interaction.

1.2.2 Scanning
 LTE scanning is conducted with Andrew i.Scan, DRT, Rohde &
Schwarz, or PCTEL SeeGull EX/MX LTE scanners.
 WCDMA scanning can be done with Sony Ericsson phones, with
Ascom Scanning Receiver Units (SRUs), with PCTEL SeeGull
EX/MX/LX/PCT, or with certain Anritsu scanners. All of these devices
are capable of scanning multiple frequencies simultaneously.
 For GSM scanning, a range of Sony Ericsson GSM phones as well as
SRUs and certain PCTEL SeeGull EX/MX/LX/PCT scanners can be
used.
 TD-SCDMA scanning is conducted with PCTEL SeeGull EX scanners.
 For CDMA scanning, Andrew i.Scan and PCTEL SeeGull EX/LX
scanners are available.
 WiMAX scanning is done with DRT scanners.

1.2.3 Positioning
GPS units, either stand-alone or built into scanners, can be used for
geographical positioning. Manual positioning (“pinpointing”) is also
supported, with indoor measurements in mind.

1.3 What’s New in TEMS Investigation 13.0

1.3.1 TD-LTE Support

The LTE standard allows both frequency division duplex (FDD) and time
division duplex (TDD) operation. So far, LTE support in TEMS Investigation
has been restricted to FDD; however, TEMS Investigation 13.0 introduces
scanning support also for the TDD mode, known as TD-LTE. Using a
Rohde & Schwarz TSMW Universal Radio Network Analyzer, it is possible
to do Top-N LTE signal scanning in both TDD and FDD mode. Any LTE
frequency band can be scanned. The data set obtained is similar to FDD
and includes RSRP, RSRQ, and SCH CINR.

1.3.2 Data Service Performance Verification with Generic

Device
TEMS Investigation 13.0 expands the concept of data service testing,
taking it to a whole new level of genericity. Data service testing can now be
undertaken with any off-the-shelf device as long as it comes with Windows
drivers that enable an IP data connection – for example, iPhone or

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 BlackBerry units, or a wide variety of network cards, USB modems,
embedded modules, etc.
This feature can be used to verify application layer performance for
arbitrary devices, as will be desirable prior to launching them in the network.
Any IP-based activity in the Service Control Designer, as well as video
streaming, can be run on such a device, and all IP information elements will
be populated.
Please note that lower-layer data (RF, Layer 2, Layer 3) is not obtained
with this kind of testing.

1.3.3 Selection of Preferred Workspace at Startup

When you start TEMS Investigation, you are now invited to select what
workspace to use: one recently used, some other existing workspace, or a
new one that is empty.

1.3.4 New Utility for Sharing Script Configuration Settings

The TEMS Settings Manager is a new utility which lets you save to file any
service and scanner settings that are used for service testing. For example,
such a file may contain all details of how to perform an LTE Reference
Signal scan with a PCTEL MX scanner, or all the parameters needed to
access and interact with a particular FTP server. The TEMS Settings
Manager boosts usability by enabling easy distribution of configuration data
among users and among instances of TEMS Investigation.
The utility can also be seen as a complement to the script saving function in
the Service Control Designer, which creates files specifying the activities to
perform during testing.

1.3.5 New LTE Information Elements

With LG devices, a range of new LTE information elements are obtained,
including PDSCH Transmission Distribution, PBCH BLER, and PUSCH
BLER. Furthermore, many LTE elements previously available with LG are
now also offered with Qualcomm devices.

1.3.6 New Connectable Equipment

1.3.6.1 UMTS Terminals

 Sony Ericsson Xperia arc (Android-based smartphone):

o GSM/EDGE 850/900/1800/1900
o WCDMA/HSPA 900/2100 (LT15i)
o WCDMA/HSPA 800/850/1900/2100 (LT15a)
o HSDPA Category 8 (7.2 Mbit/s), HSUPA Category 5 (2.0 Mbit/s)

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  Nokia C7
o WCDMA/HSPA 850/900/1700/1900/2100 MHz
o GSM/GPRS/EDGE 850/900/1800/1900 MHz
o HSDPA Category 9 (10.2 Mbit/s), HSUPA Category 5 (2.0 Mbit/s)
 HTC Imagio

1.3.6.2 LTE Scanner: Rohde & Schwarz TSMW

The R&S TSMW Universal Radio Network Analyzer enables TD-LTE
measurements in TEMS Investigation 13.0. Compare section 1.3.1.
Scanner capabilities include:
 Support for all LTE frequency bands: 30 MHz to 6 GHz
 Top N LTE signal scanning for TDD as well as FDD
The R&S TSMW scanner handles a range of other technologies, and
support for these is planned for inclusion in future releases of TEMS
Investigation. Such technology expansions will then be possible to do
remotely by means of a scanner software upgrade.

1.3.7 Support for SSH2 Protocol in Iperf Testing

The SSH2 protocol (Secure Shell version 2) is now offered as an
alternative to Telnet as connection client when doing network bandwidth
testing with Iperf. Unlike the Telnet protocol, which sends logins and
passwords in plain text, SSH2 uses cryptography to authenticate the
remote computer and therefore renders the Iperf server less vulnerable to
hacker attacks.
SSH2 requires a separate license option and installation package, since it
is subject to export restrictions due to its use of strong encryption.

1.3.8 Support for 64-bit Windows 7

TEMS Investigation 13.0 can be run under 64-bit Windows 7.

1.3.9 Performance Improvements

For any given device configuration and test setup, TEMS Investigation 13.0
generates lower CPU load than previous versions. Other improvements
include better memory management and reduced start-up time.

1.3.10 Additional New Features

 Internal GPS of PCTEL MX available as data source in TEMS
Investigation.

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  UMTS network connect can be done from within TEMS Investigation
with Samsung GT-B3730, GT-B3740 LTE/UMTS dual-technology
devices.

1.4 Supported Cellular System Versions

For information on the capabilities of individual connectable devices, see
chapter 9, page 53.

1.4.1 3GPP
TEMS Investigation is 3GPP Release 7 compliant. Within 3GPP, TEMS
Investigation 13.0 supports:
 GSM/GPRS/EGPRS:
o GSM 850 MHz
o GSM E-900 MHz
o GSM 1800 MHz
o GSM 1900 MHz
 WCDMA/HSPA:
o Band 1 (2100 MHz)
o Band 2 (1900 MHz)
o Band 3 (1800 MHz)
o Band 4 (2100 MHz)
o Band 5 (850 MHz)
o Band 6 (800 MHz)
o Band 8 (900 MHz)
o Band 9 (1700 MHz)
o Band 11 (1500 MHz)
 LTE (with R&S TSMW, any LTE band can be scanned):
o LTE Band 1 (2100 MHz)
o LTE Band 2 (1900 MHz)
o LTE Band 3 (1800 MHz)
o LTE Band 4 (2100 MHz AWS)
o LTE Band 5 (850 MHz)
o LTE Band 7 (2600 MHz)
o LTE Band 8 (900 MHz)
o LTE Band 12 (700 MHz)
o LTE Band 13 (700 MHz)

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 o LTE Band 14 (700 MHz)
o LTE Band 17 (700 MHz)
o LTE Band 20 (800 MHz)

1.4.2 CDMA
CDMA standards are supported by TEMS Investigation 13.0 as follows:
 cdmaOne (IS-95) / cdma2000 (IS-2000) / EV-DO (IS-856) Rev 0/Rev A
on the 450, 800, and 1900 MHz bands.

1.4.3 TD-SCDMA
The TD-SCDMA 2010–2025 MHz band is supported.

1.4.4 WiMAX
WiMAX (802.16e) scanning can be done on the 2.3, 2.5, and 3.5 GHz
bands.

1.5 Where to Find Out More

For additional information on TEMS Investigation, on other TEMS products,
or on TEMS product training, please visit us on the Web at
www.ascom.com/networktesting.
To sign up for the TEMS on-line subscription service, please go to the
same Web site and click the link “TEMS Subscription Service.” This free
service includes e-mail notification of TEMS product launches, version
upgrades and patches, as well as our online customer magazine.

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 2 The TEMS Investigation Concept
TEMS Investigation offers operators the capabilities of data collection with
real-time presentation, on-screen post-processing, and report generation – Top right
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What is TEMS Investigation? field-mark
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On-screen
post-processing

Reporting

© Ericsson AB 2008 3 Scanning in TEMS Investigation 2009-05-06

Note again that thanks to the introduction of TEMS Discovery, Ascom now
provides an even stronger offering in the post-processing and reporting
area. Comprehensive information about TEMS Discovery is found in the
Technical Product Description for this product.

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 3 Data Handled in TEMS Investigation
These are the sources of the data presentable in TEMS Investigation 13.0:
 Terminals: GSM, WCDMA, LTE, TD-SCDMA, and CDMA air interface
measurements
 AQM modules (PESQ and other audio quality measurements)
 Scanners (GSM, WCDMA, LTE, TD-SCDMA, CDMA, WiMAX)
 Data service testing software, integrated into TEMS Investigation
 GPS units (stand-alone or built into scanners)
 Cell files (GSM, WCDMA, LTE, TD-SCDMA, CDMA, WiMAX, Wi-Fi)
 Logfiles from TEMS Investigation and a range of other sources
 MTR files

3.1 Information Elements

Information elements are the building blocks of all quantitative
presentations in TEMS Investigation. They are gleaned from reports
delivered by phones, scanners, and GPS units. Being derived from these
sources, they contain
 Air interface measurements (GSM, WCDMA, LTE, TD-SCDMA, CDMA,
WiMAX)
 Data service measurements
 Network configuration parameters
 Cell data
 Positioning data
The total number of information elements is well above 1,000.

3.2 Events
Events signify interesting occurrences relating to the operation of the
connected equipment. Events are generated by the TEMS Investigation
software based on data received from these devices. Some examples of
predefined events are:
 Blocked Call, Dropped Call (UMTS, CDMA)
 PDP Context Activation Failure (UMTS)
 Radio Link Addition Failure (UMTS)
 Baton Handover (TD-SCDMA)
 Hard Handoff (CDMA)
 Traffic Handoff to EV-DO (CDMA)

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 Events are a vital part of TEMS Investigation presentations and are often
instrumental in directing the workflow of the network engineer. They can
save a lot of time in the troubleshooting and optimization process, allowing
quick identification of problem areas – whether during drive testing or
during post-processing.
The user can also define customized events by composing logical
expressions, which may contain the following types of trigger conditions:
 Occurrence of other event
 Appearance of Layer 3 message
 Value change of information element
 Value of information element meeting threshold condition (>, =, or <).
Allowed logical operators are AND, OR, XOR, and NOT.
Below are some examples of user-defined events (for WCDMA). Their
names tell what they are designed to indicate.

3.3 Cell Data

TEMS Investigation can present data on the cell sites of the measurement
area: location, power settings, antenna configurations, etc.
Cell data can be provided in several ways:
 in a file with a TEMS Investigation specific format
 in an XML file whose format is common to multiple TEMS products
In either case the files are stored as plain text for maximum flexibility.
Cell files used in TEMS Investigation CDMA (file extension .csv) can be
converted to the XML format using TEMS Discovery.
Supplying cell data enables a multitude of useful functions in the application.
See section 6.8, page 47.
The XML format also supports definition of Wi-Fi access points, which can
then be presented in TEMS Investigation in the same way as cells in
cellular networks.

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 4 Vehicles of Presentation in TEMS
Investigation
TEMS Investigation is equipped with the following means of presentation:
 Message windows
 Line charts
 Bar charts
 Map windows
 Status windows (text-format, tabular)
 Event Counter window
A large set of predefined windows of the above types are supplied, all of
which can be freely modified by the user. There are also blank line chart
and status window templates which the user customizes from scratch.
Status windows are constantly refreshed, showing the situation at one
instant in time, whereas maps and line charts accumulate information and
display the whole history of the testing session. All windows are
synchronized: When the user selects an arbitrary time instant in a map or
line chart, the status windows are automatically updated to show the
parameter values current at this point in time.

4.1 Message Windows

Message windows are used to list Layer 3 messages, Layer 2 messages,
mode reports, and error reports from external devices, as well as events
generated in TEMS Investigation (see section 3.2). Below is the Layer 3
Messages window:

The window displays the name and direction (uplink/downlink) of each

message as well as which protocol the message originates from. A filtering
function lets the user select precisely which Layer 3 messages to show.

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 Message windows have a number of useful interactive features. Clicking a
message freezes the window, so that the details of the message and its
context can be studied at leisure. If a new message window is opened
while a replay is in progress, the window will catch up and load all data
from the beginning of the logfile.
A special window is dedicated to the presentation of events; it displays the
same event symbols as in maps and line charts and supplies any extra
information that may be associated with the events:

4.2 Line Charts

The line chart visualizes how numerical information elements evolve over
time, also displaying at what points events have occurred. The Line Chart
window is subdivided into a number of synchronized panes. See the
cdma2000 example below.

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 Active set membership count (bars), with active set Scales used in chart
Ec/Io drawn on top

Transmit power,
active set Ec/Io
sum

Receive power,
FER

Values at highlighted time Radio link events Additional user-selected

instant for selected line chart information (not graphed)

4.3 Bar Charts

The bar chart is primarily intended for presenting frequency scans (see
sections 6.5 and 6.7, pages 39 and 46), but is by no means limited to that
application: any numerical information element can be presented.

Bar chart showing Ec/Io for each member of the active set in cdma2000.

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 4.4 Map Windows
Drive test routes can be presented graphically on a map of the investigated
area. Measurement data and events are plotted in symbolic form. The
positions of cell sites can also be drawn, with the added possibility of
indicating the serving cell/active set throughout the test drive by means of
successive connecting lines. A separate pane on the right enables the
presentation of auxiliary information, such as a map legend.
See the screenshot below.

The default settings for route markers (showing, among other things, signal
strength) can of course be freely modified by the user. Each route marker
can code up to three information element values (marker size, color, and
shape). Several markers can be drawn in parallel in order to show more
data.
Clicking a map symbol displays the data it represents in the right-hand
pane. Selecting an area enables presentation of statistics for this area, as
exemplified on the next page.

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 A multi-layer structure is used for the presentation data, just as for the
elements of the map image itself. The visibility of each layer can be
controlled separately.
Other map features include: panning; zooming; labeling of map elements;
choice between different projections (using GeoSet file). Maps can be in
MapInfo, uncompressed TIFF, or bitmap format. Note that map plotting
requires access to positioning data.

Map window with area selected for statistics computation (dashed gray rectangle).
Statistics on information elements and events are shown in the top two boxes on the
right. The third box holds cell information.

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 4.5 Status Windows
The status windows present information elements in tabular form. There
are a number of ready-made windows designed for presenting particular
categories of information (such as signal strength or speech quality). In
addition, there is a blank template which can be used to compose status
windows of the user’s choice.

LTE PCFICH/CFI Info (top left); WCDMA radio parameters (bottom left); HSDPA
information (center); HSUPA information (right).

Note that any pieces of information available in TEMS Investigation may be

viewed together in status windows. The blank status window template
permits users to design their own status windows bottom up:

Two UMTS networks, A and B, are compared. A uses the AMR speech codec, whereas
B uses the EFR codec. The speech quality, as might be expected, is superior for A at
the time instant shown. Also, A uses frequency hopping while B does not (B has no
“2nd Worst” C/I, as only a single channel is used). Two phones are used for the
measurements, one for each network.

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 4.6 Event Counter Window
The Event Counter window keeps track of the number of times various
events have occurred. The set of events to show is completely user-
configurable; a number of default tabs have been set up grouping
predefined events into categories (“Voice,” “Packet Switched,” etc. – see
image below). Tabs can be freely substituted and renamed; for example, a
CDMA user might want to remove the GSM/WCDMA tabs.

Counters can be reset by the user at any time. In both recording and replay
mode, counters are reset automatically when a new logfile is opened. In
replay mode, a reset is also performed when the logfile is rewound.

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 5 Collecting Data with TEMS
Investigation
5.1 Technologies

5.1.1 UMTS and CDMA

TEMS Investigation covers the whole of UMTS and CDMA.
For UMTS, most of the supported phones can make calls on both WCDMA
and GSM networks and perform handover back and forth between the two
types of network. When in WCDMA mode, the phone also monitors GSM
neighbors in order to enable handover to the GSM network whenever
justified. In GSM mode, WCDMA neighbors are monitored in the same
manner.
On the CDMA side, EV-DO capable phones also have cdma2000 support.
When in EV-DO mode, the EV-DO log mask is applied to the handset, and
when the phone switches from EV-DO to cdma2000, the cdma2000 log
mask is applied.
In both UMTS and CDMA, events are generated in connection with all
handovers/handoffs. These include:
 WCDMA inter-frequency as well as inter-system handovers (in the latter
case, compressed mode usage is also indicated).
 CDMA hard handoffs as well as handoffs between cdma2000, EV-DO,
and cdmaOne.

5.1.2 LTE
Data service testing can be done with an LTE UE. Scanning of LTE carriers
can be performed using a Andrew, DRT, R&S, or PCTEL SeeGull EX/MX
scanner.

5.1.3 TD-SCDMA
Voice and data service testing is performed with a dual mode TD-
SCDMA/GSM phone. TD-SCDMA scanning is done with a PCTEL SeeGull
EX scanner.

5.1.4 WiMAX
WiMAX (802.16e) carriers can be scanned with a DRT scanner.

5.1.5 General Remarks on Data Service Testing

TEMS Investigation is capable of doing data service testing with almost any
device. The only requirement is the availability of Windows drivers that
make it possible to set up an IP data connection. As a result, a wide variety

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 of phones, smartphones, network cards, USB modems, embedded
modules, etc., can be used. Any IP-based activity as well as the video
streaming activity in the Service Control Designer can be tested with such a
device, and all IP information elements will then be populated.

5.2 Logfile Recording and Transfer

Data is logged in a manner that minimizes the risk of data loss in case of
hardware malfunctions, such as power failure in the PC. Options for logfile
recording include the following:
 Filemarks can be inserted to tag interesting segments.
 Pause/Resume: The recording can be paused and on resumption
continued to the same logfile.
 Logfile swapping: The logfile is closed after reaching a specified number
of messages, and the logging continues automatically to a new file.
 User comments can be entered after concluding a recording.

5.2.1 Recording Indoor Measurement Routes: Pinpointing

In indoor environments, where there is normally no line-of-sight to GPS
satellites, data must be positioned manually. With TEMS Investigation this
is achieved by a procedure called pinpointing.
While performing a walk-around measurement, users indicate their route by
regularly tapping the stylus at their current position on the screen, creating
waypoints. TEMS Investigation reconstructs the route by joining
consecutive waypoints with straight lines, and the measurement data
received by the phones is then automatically distributed evenly along each
such linear route segment.

Testing route with waypoints (black). Quality indicated by marker colors.

To optimize data positioning, it is wise to mark a new waypoint whenever

the walking direction or speed changes.
Bitmaps (obtained, for example, from scanning office blueprints) can easily
be positioned and scaled by entering the coordinates of some selected
points and the distance between two points.

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 5.2.2 Automated Logfile Transfer
You can set up TEMS Investigation to automatically transfer recorded
logfiles to a designated FTP server, over the air or via an Ethernet
connection. This mechanism serves to simplify ways of working and reduce
lead times, always providing quick access to the latest logfiles throughout
the organization.
In setting up the FTP transfer, the user enters FTP server and login details
and configures a number of parameters. The file transfer can be either
manual (initiated by the user on each occasion) or automatic (triggered
when the recording of a logfile ends). Logfiles are automatically
compressed prior to transfer so as to minimize the amount of data to
upload.

5.3 Service Control: Automation of Testing

The service control tool is used to automate all kinds of service testing – PS
as well as CS. In the Service Control Designer window you compose
scripts which you then assign to and run on one or several connected
devices. The Service Control Designer visualizes each script in flowchart
format, as shown below:

Service control script for VoIP testing (calling party). A similar script (with Dial
replaced by Answer) is assigned to the called party.

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 5.3.1 Testable Services and Protocols

Voice and video calls over CS E-mail

Voice over IP (VoIP) WAP
FTP download/upload MMS
HTTP download SMS
Video streaming (live or on-demand) UDP (see section 5.3.3)
Ping TCP (see section 5.3.3)

 Multiple concurrent data service sessions can be run on the same

device.
 Special script activities are provided for network connect/disconnect, PS
attach/detach, and IP sniffing.
 The execution of a script can be monitored, step by step, in the
separate “Service Control Monitor” window.

5.3.2 Key Features of the Service Control User Interface

 Scripts can be structured using control logic: loops, branching, if–else
conditions, sequences, and more. Synchronization of devices is
implicitly done wherever workflow branches converge.
 Details on servers, call recipients, and other entities to interact with are
encapsulated in separate configuration sets which can be reused
across scripts. Scripts can be saved with or without the configuration
sets – the former being handy if you want to distribute the script for use
on a different PC.
 Predefined scripts (“snippets”) are provided for all supported services,
speeding up script building. Snippets can of course be freely modified to
suit your individual needs, just like any other components of a script.

5.3.3 UDP and TCP Testing

The service control tool includes a dedicated activity for UDP testing.
UDP is a transport layer protocol designed to be used with IP as underlying
network layer protocol. The transmission model in UDP is a simple one
without implicit handshaking dialogs. This makes communication highly
efficient, but it does not provide a reliable service, as packets may arrive
out of order, be duplicated, or go missing without notice. UDP is therefore
often used by time-sensitive applications which can tolerate some data loss
but cannot afford to wait for delayed packets. One example of such an
application is video streaming. (For applications that do require reliable
message delivery, UDP is not an option; such applications use TCP
instead.)
TEMS Investigation tests UDP performance using an integrated UDP client
that supports the send, receive, and full duplex modes. Running the UDP

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TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 20(60)
 testing activity creates a Windows service which interacts with the target
UDP server. The throughput rate can be set by the user, or the best
throughput rate can be determined empirically by the software for the
current radio environment. The UDP testing function is radio access
technology independent. UDP measurements can be performed over either
RAS or NDIS.
The service control tool also contains an activity called network bandwidth,
used for UDP and TCP performance testing via Iperf.

Iperf is a commonly used tool for measuring maximum TCP and UDP
bandwidth performance. Iperf allows tuning of various parameters and UDP
characteristics. The UDP part is very similar to that of the dedicated UDP
testing, explained above. The TCP part also supports send, receive, and
full duplex modes; segment and window sizes are set by the user.
Performance data reported by Iperf includes bandwidth, delay jitter, and
datagram loss.

5.4 Obtaining PESQ and Other Audio Quality

Measurements
PESQ and its accompanying other audio quality measurements (AQMs)
are collected by TEMS Investigation during mobile-originated voice calls.
The call may be received
 by a stationary component known as the call generator, connected to
the fixed telephone network, or
 by a mobile receiving unit (MRU) housed in a mobile phone.
This section describes the AQM setup where a call generator receives the
calls. Audio quality measurement using an MRU is broadly similar, except
that only downlink quality is measured in the MRU configuration.

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 The computation of AQM scores is done in dedicated hardware units called
AQM modules: one connected to the phone and to the PC, handling the
downlink; and one housed in the call generator, taking care of the uplink.
These modules contain DSP hardware. The downlink AQM module can
optionally be mounted along with the phone in an equipment case.
The actual computation is done in dedicated hardware units called AQM
modules: one connected to the phone and to the PC, handling the downlink;
and one housed in the call generator, taking care of the uplink. These
modules contain DSP hardware. The downlink AQM module can optionally
be mounted along with the test terminal in an equipment case.

The speech segments to be used as references are loaded into the AQM
modules and into the test terminal.
The phone calls the call generator and plays the reference sentences. The
call generator responds by playing the same reference sentences.
The received (degraded) signals at either end are forwarded to the
respective AQM modules, where the signals are compared with the
originals, yielding uplink and downlink AQM data.
The downlink AQM data is written to regular TEMS Investigation logfiles.
The uplink AQM data is stored in XML files.
To merge the uplink AQM data into the logfiles, a special export function is
used.

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 5.4.1 AQM for VoIP
Audio quality measurement can also be performed for VoIP, in which case
the measurement setup is completely different: the caller and receiver are
connected to two different PCs, each running an instance of TEMS
Investigation. No AQM module or call generator is used in this case.

5.5 Control Functionality for Phones

From TEMS Investigation many aspects of phone behavior can be
customized. The available settings vary from one phone to another. For any
phone, all customizable properties are collected on a multi-tab property
page.

5.5.1 Control Functions for ST Ericsson Chipset Based

Phones)

5.5.1.1 Idle Mode

 Lock on RAT
 Cell selection control (GSM, WCDMA)
 Control of phone interaction with barred and reserved cells (GSM,
WCDMA)

5.5.1.2 Dedicated Mode

 Forcing of handover to a channel

 Restriction of handover to a set of channels
 Prevention of handover to specified channels
 Disabling of handover
 Redialing of calls (last, dropped, blocked)
 Automatic answering of incoming calls

5.5.1.3 Miscellaneous

 Access class control, PLMN control

 Forcing use of frequency band
 Disabling of HSPA capability in HSPA-capable phones
 Disabling of EDGE capability in EDGE-capable phones
 Selection of speech coders to be enabled in phone
 Overriding of network-allocated Tx Power levels (band-specific)
 Discarding of specified Layer 3 messages
 Modification of BLER target set by network

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 5.5.2 Control Functions for Nokia GSM Phones and UEs
Nokia GSM phones and UEs connected to a GSM network can be locked
to a specific control channel in idle mode, or to a frequency band.
The GSM-mode cell barring behavior of the Nokia devices can be set to
“normal,” “ignored,” or “reversed.” The last option means that the phone will
camp only on barred cells.
In WCDMA mode, Nokia UEs can be locked to one RAT and/or to one
sector.

5.5.3 Control Functions for Qualcomm Chipset Based Devices

For Option data cards and Sierra Wireless UMTS data cards, RAT lock and
band lock functions are available.
Furthermore, settings in any Qualcomm chipset based UMTS device can
be inspected and modified by sending queries and commands over the
Qualcomm NV interface.

5.6 Scanning

5.6.1 Scanning: LTE

Supported devices for LTE scanning are Andrew i.Scan, DRT4301A+, R&S
TMSW, and a range of PCTEL SeeGull EX/MX LTE scanners. Regarding
the capabilities of individual scanning devices, see sections 9.1.2 and 9.3.2.
 Top N Sync Signal scan: Detects P-SCH and S-SCH synch signal
presence.
 Top N Reference Signal scan: Detects sector-specific reference signals.
 RSSI scan: Measures narrowband or wideband channel aggregate
power.
 Enhanced Power scan: Higher-performance scan providing selective
time/frequency power measurements.
 Spectrum analysis: Measures power with user-selectable resolution
bandwidths.

5.6.2 Scanning: WCDMA

WCDMA scanning can be done with certain Sony Ericsson phones, with
SRUs, and with PCTEL SeeGull and Anritsu scanners.
The following scanning methods exist:
 CPICH scanning (coverage verification, pilot pollution detection), also
including primary and secondary synchronization channels (P-SCH, S-
SCH)
o Strongest scrambling codes (“Top N;” up to 32)

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 o User-defined set of scrambling codes
o Decoding of System Information blocks
 SCH timeslot scanning
 Continuous Wave scanning
 Spectrum analysis
 BCH scanning
 Network scanning
Several types of scan can be running concurrently; only the measurement
capacity of the scanner limits the possibilities of doing multiple scans in
parallel.
TEMS Investigation supports simultaneous scanning of up to 12 UMTS
frequencies with one scanner. This is useful for multi-frequency network
configurations as well as for operator benchmarking.
For further details and data presentation, see section 6.5. Regarding the
capabilities of individual scanning devices, see sections 9.1.2 and 9.3.1.

5.6.3 Scanning: GSM

GSM carriers can be scanned with PCTEL SeeGull scanners, with SRUs,
and with many Sony Ericsson phones including Sony Ericsson
W995/W995a/W995 EDGE. With PCTEL scanners it is also possible to do
a CW scan of a carrier with no GSM signal present.
The set of carriers to scan can be either all channels (as many as the
scanning device can manage) or a preselected set of channels (this can be
an entire GSM band).
Decoding of BSIC is supported by both Sony Ericsson phones and PCTEL
scanners.
Decoding of System Information messages is supported by PCTEL
scanners.
Regarding the presentation of GSM scanning, see section 6.7.

5.6.4 Scanning: CDMA

CDMA pilot scanning can be done with Andrew i.Scan and CDMA-capable
versions of PCTEL SeeGull EX/LX, supporting all of IS-2000, IS-856, and
IS-95. As for WCDMA, several options exist for setting the scope of the
scan:

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TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 25(60)
  All pilots
 User-specified pilot list
 Top N, up to N = 32
A maximum of 12 RF channels can be scanned at a time.
Andrew i.Scan is also capable of spectrum analysis.
In addition, CDMA scanners have these modes:
 RSSI (CW) mode
 Narrowband interference mode
 Follow phone mode: The scanner always scans the same RF channel
and PN offset that a CDMA phone is using.

5.6.5 Scanning: TD-SCDMA

Scanning of TD-SCDMA networks is undertaken with PCTEL SeeGull EX
scanners. The scan modes supported are:
 Midamble Top N: Scanning of Primary Common Control Physical
Channel (P-CCPCH)
 SyncDL Top N: Scanning of Downlink Pilot Timeslot (DwPTS)
 RSSI: Narrowband or wideband channel aggregate power scan

5.6.6 Scanning: WiMAX

WiMAX (802.16e) scanning is done with the DRT4301A+ scanner.
Available scan modes in TEMS Investigation are:
 Preamble scan
 RSSI scan
 Spectrum scan

5.7 Loading Cell Site Data

TEMS Investigation can load data on the cell sites of the measurement
area. All of the following technologies are supported: GSM, WCDMA, LTE,
TD-SCDMA, cdma2000, EV-DO, WiMAX, and Wi-Fi (access points).
Cell files follow a tab-separated plain-text format or an XML format. The
latter is shared with Mentum CellPlanner and spans all of the supported
cellular technologies. All cell site information is merged into a single XML
file.
The tab-separated format used by TEMS Investigation CDMA (file
extension .csv) can be converted to the XML format using TEMS Discovery
and can then be read by TEMS Investigation.

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TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 26(60)
 6 Analyzing Data with TEMS
Investigation
This chapter spans a large number of data presentations offered by TEMS
Investigation. Together they exhibit the power of the TEMS Investigation
concept, where simple building blocks – information elements and events –
can be freely selected and combined into almost every conceivable kind of
presentation. The windows that display the data can be reconfigured at
every step to suit the purpose at hand.
Note once again that logfile data from TEMS™ Automatic and TEMS™
Pocket can also be loaded into the application.
Regarding the far-ranging data presentation and analysis capabilities of
TEMS Discovery, please consult the Technical Product Description dealing
with that product.

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 6.1 Monitoring Data Services

6.1.1 LTE

LTE throughput line chart. The green line tracks the application throughput, while the
red bars represent PDSCH/PUSCH physical throughput.

LTE serving + neighbors line chart showing serving cell RSSI, serving and neighbor
RSRP, and serving cell RS CINR.

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 6.1.2 HSDPA

Throughput on downlink:
magenta = application level (user-perceived);
cyan = application level, time average;
green = throughput on HS-DSCH

Throughput
on uplink
HSDPA
CQI

Spreading factors on uplink and downlink

Data line chart depicting FTP data transfer over WCDMA with HSDPA. The user-
perceived downlink throughput approaches 1 Mbit/s toward the end of the download
(top subchart). An upload follows (middle subchart). Short-time maximum, median,
and minimum values of the HSDPA Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) governing the
radio link adaptation are plotted in the bottom subchart. The spreading factors are 4
on the uplink and 256 on the downlink.

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TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 29(60)
 6.1.3 TD-SCDMA

FTP download session over a TD-SCDMA network. The P-CCPCH is the Primary
Common Control Physical Channel, functioning as the preferred reference channel in
TD-SCDMA.

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 HSDPA parameters in a TD-SCDMA network.

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 6.1.4 EV-DO

Throughput on downlink:
red = RLP throughput,
green = average RLP throughput,
cyan = average application throughput
(user-perceived);
magenta = application-level throughput

Throughput on uplink Current mode, band,

channel and Active Set size

Data line chart depicting FTP data transfer over CDMA EV-DO. The user-perceived
downlink throughput approaches 500 Kbit/s (top subchart). The uplink is used for
TCP Acks and FTP control (middle subchart). Instantaneous values of the short-time
and average throughputs are shown (left-hand text pane), as are relevant RF
parameters (right-hand text pane).

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TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 32(60)
 6.1.5 Video Streaming with VSQI and IP Analysis
The following example shows how to evaluate the performance of video
streaming with TEMS Investigation. Note that the IP Analysis window is a
highly versatile tool that reveals the traffic over a large number of protocols
(see listing below) and is thus useful for studying and troubleshooting any
service in minute detail. The full set of protocols supported by the IP
Analysis window is as follows:
 Application layer: BOOTP, DNS, FTP, FTP-DATA, HTTP, NBDS,
NBNS, RTCP, RTP, RTSP, SNMP
 Transport layer: TCP, UDP
 Network layer: ICMP, IPv4, IPv6
 Data link layer: PPP CC, PPP CHAP, PPP IPCP, PPP LCP, PPP PAP

The streamed video clip is replayed in the video monitor (top). The WCDMA Data Line
Chart (bottom) tracks the application throughput (blue curve) and evaluates the
streaming quality in terms of the VSQI quality measure (green bars). Note how the
VSQI score drops; this is because the initial buffering takes slightly too long to
complete. During the replay, VSQI stays high as long as the throughput is sufficient.
Halfway through the segment, VSQI slumps disastrously, indicating that the
streaming client has been forced into rebuffering mode and has halted the replay. In
the IP Analysis window (right) we monitor the message traffic over the RTP, RTCP,
and RTSP protocols that are used for streaming. The IP Analysis window also
supports a large array of further protocols, as listed above.

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TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 33(60)
 6.1.6 Some Data Service Status Windows

6.1.6.1 HSDPA Analysis MIMO

This window shows vital parameters for a HSDPA session making use of
MIMO. The first column applies to the case where only one transport block
is transmitted at a time (CQI Type B or single-block Type A). The second
column applies in case of simultaneous transmission of two transport
blocks (CQI Type A).

6.1.6.2 HSUPA Analysis

This window shows HSUPA performance. The presented data includes:
average E-TFCI (E-DCH Transport Format Combination Indicator, each
value corresponding to a data transfer rate); average serving grant; UE
happy rate; HARQ block error rate; how often the transmission was limited
by the current serving grant; how often the transmission was limited by the
available Tx power.

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TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 34(60)
 6.1.6.3 GPRS: Data Timeslots Window – PDCH Utilization
With a Sony Ericsson phone connected, TEMS Investigation is capable of
measuring GPRS parameters at the timeslot level. In the Data Timeslot
window, the C/I ratio, bit error rate, and block error rate are given
separately for each timeslot in use, enabling the user to pin down the extent
and also the causes of interference problems with greater precision.
The utilization of the timeslot is broken down into own data, other users’
data, and control signaling. These statistics shed light on throughput figures;
for example, if the throughput is low, one can see whether this is due to
frequent retransmissions or to strong competition for network resources.
The statistics on the uplink are the same, except that no distinction is made
between unused blocks and blocks occupied by other users.
At the bottom of the window, coding scheme usage is presented.

Data Timeslots window monitoring a GPRS connection. The performance of timeslots

TS5 and TS7 is good, with excellent C/I readings of 20 and 17 dB and consequently a
zero bit error rate. However, things are not as rosy on TS6, where a shaky C/I of
2.6 dB announces a problematic interference situation. Here, the bit error rate is much
higher, as expected (6.3%), forcing some retransmissions (nonzero BLER).

Lines 6–8 show what each timeslot is used for. Together with the retransmissions
(BLER figure), these numbers add up to 100%.

Lines 9–12 show GPRS coding scheme usage. If an EGPRS phone had been used, the
corresponding MCS (modulation coding scheme) distribution would have been
shown instead (only the first two MCS lines appear in the above screenshot).

6.1.6.4 LTE: Cell Load Evaluation in PCFICH/CFI Info Window

The new window PCFICH/CFI Info gives you more LTE information. The
number of OFDM symbols allocated for PDCCH (control signaling) during
one second, as indicated by the CFI value on the PCFICH channel, is
displayed. The distribution of symbols used gives an indication of the
number of active users in the cell.

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TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 35(60)
 A higher number of allocated symbols means more active users in the cell
and thus higher cell load.

6.2 Monitoring Handovers

TEMS Investigation enables monitoring of all kinds of handover occurring in
UMTS:
 GSM handover
 WCDMA intra-frequency handover
 WCDMA inter-frequency (“hard”) handover
 Inter-RAT handover (GSM–WCDMA)
Similarly, TEMS Investigation keeps track of the various types of handoff
employed in CDMA networks, including:
 Hard handoff (to another frequency, a different band, a different pilot set,
or another frame offset, or a combination of these)
 Handoff between cdma2000, cdmaOne, and EV-DO

WCDMA Handover Analysis window. This window shows in minute detail how the
WCDMA active set evolves over time and specifically in the course of soft handover
procedures. In the Intra-freq Cells column is displayed the neighbor list of the
currently strongest cell. This list is obtained from System Information blocks (SIBs).

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TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 36(60)
 6.3 Monitoring Voice in UMTS
Below is shown a small selection from the range of presentation windows
available for studying GSM and WCDMA voice calls.

6.3.1 Serving/Active Set + Neighbors WCDMA

The Serving/Active Set + Neighbors WCDMA window lists all members of
the active set as well as monitored (“MN”) and detected (“DN”) neighbors.
The strength of each scrambling code is presented in terms of CPICH
Ec/No and CPICH RSCP.

6.3.2 Serving + Neighbors GSM

The Serving + Neighbors GSM window presents the BSIC and ARFCN of
the serving cell and of up to 32 of the strongest neighboring base stations.
The window also presents the path loss and cell reselection criteria (C1 and
C2) as well as the GPRS signal strength threshold and cell ranking criteria
(C31 and C32). A second version of this window is also provided where
cells are sorted by frequency band.

Serving cell

Neighbors

6.3.3 C/A, C/I (GSM)

These windows show the results of adjacent channel and carrier-to-
interference ratio measurements.

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TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 37(60)
 Serving cell
ARFCN

Adjacent channels

6.4 Monitoring Voice in CDMA

6.4.1 Coverage Analysis

In a heavily loaded CDMA system, coverage testing is essential to ensure
that voice quality is not being sacrificed for system capacity. The pilot
strength or Ec/Io and frame error rate are measured to analyze coverage
area. The pilot channel is a good indication of the coverage area because it
always broadcasts with a consistent energy. TEMS Investigation can
present this indicator as plain text or in a line chart.

Line chart showing CDMA active set member count and Ec/Io for each member (top
subchart), pilot set Ec/Io for each pilot set member (middle subchart), and frame error
rate (bottom subchart).

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TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 38(60)
 6.4.2 Active/Candidate/Neighbor Sets
The CDMA Active + Cand + Neigh Set window lists all members of the
active, candidate and neighbor sets. The strength of each pilot is presented
in terms of Ec/Io.

6.5 Scanning: LTE

6.5.1 LTE Reference Signal Scan

Reference Signals (RSs) in LTE are used for channel estimation. The line
chart that follows tracks measurements of Reference Signals. The following
quantities are plotted:
 RSRP: Reference Signal Received Power
 RSRQ: Reference Signal Receive Quality. Defined as N × RSRP / RSSI,
where N is the number of resource blocks across which RSSI (Received
Signal Strength Indicator) was measured.
Comparing with WCDMA, RSRP is similar to RSCP (Received Signal Code
Power) measured on the WCDMA common pilot, while RSRQ is similar to
WCDMA Ec/N0. Therefore (although the details differ slightly between the
technologies) it can be said generally that RSRP measurements tell
whether the cell is interference or coverage limited, while RSRQ
measurements give indications of excess interference in unloaded or
loaded cells.

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TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 39(60)
 LTE Reference Signal scanning. Charts 1 and 2 show RSRQ and RSRP respectively,
summed over all Tx ports. Chart no. 3 shows RSRQ for each Tx port.

The Map window presentation of LTE cell data includes serving cell
indication. Cell names and the distance to each cell are given in analysis
windows:

6.6 Scanning: WCDMA

6.6.1 CPICH and SCH Scanning

6.6.1.1 Presentation in Bar Charts: CPICH Scan

CPICH scan data is presented in the CPICH Scanner bar charts. One
predefined bar chart is provided for each UMTS frequency scanned. The
bar chart can also be configured to show all scrambling codes scanned,
independently of frequency.

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TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 40(60)
 The bar chart by default presents peak Ec/Io for each scrambling code
found. It can be sorted by scrambling code (with bars either drawn at fixed
code index positions or simply sorted in order of increasing index) or by
code power (increasing or decreasing).
An accompanying status window shows code power parameters and some
other parameters associated with these:

6.6.1.2 Presentation in Line Chart: CPICH Pilot Pollution

The CPICH Scanner line charts (again, one chart is provided for each
UMTS frequency) are completely user-configurable, like other line charts. If
desired, scrambling codes from all scanned frequencies can be presented
in the same line chart. The default configuration, however, is as follows:

Line chart depicting CPICH pilot pollution.

The charts present the five strongest scrambling codes on one UMTS
frequency: aggregate Ec (top) and aggregate Ec/Io (bottom).
The text pane on the left glosses one of the charts at a time.
The text pane on the right shows the CPICH pilot pollution situation.

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TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 41(60)
 6.6.1.3 Presentation of Synchronization Channels
The Synch Channel Data window presents Ec and Ec/Io for code words on
the synchronization channels P-SCH and S-SCH.

6.6.1.4 Missing Neighbor Detection: Optimizing Neighbor Relations1

If one WCDMA cell which is not defined as a neighbor is found to cause
interference with the active connection, it may be a good idea to include
that cell in the neighbor cell list. Then, if the cell in question enters into the
active set, instead of acting as an interferer it will contribute a useful signal
(i.e. add to the soft handover gain). Spotting cells with such properties is
referred to as “missing neighbor detection..” An event (based on scanner
data) indicating this situation in WCDMA is provided in TEMS Investigation.

Along this route, there are repeated indications of a missing neighbor (the events
represented by the “bars” symbol). Event details are shown for the highlighted event.

1
Requires either SIB decoding with scanner or loading of a cell file.

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TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 42(60)
 While potentially very useful, addition of neighbors must still be done with
caution, since a high number of soft handovers will strain system resources.
Also, the distance between the cells must be considered. Cells too far
removed from each other should not have a neighbor relation, since
terminals far away from a cell site may cause severe uplink interference.

6.6.2 CW Scanning
This method scans specified UMTS frequencies (UARFCNs) for a
continuous wave (CW) signal, sent for example by a TEMS Transmitter.
CW measurements are appropriate for tuning of propagation models and
for site acquisition (in conjunction with a test transmitter).
A bar chart displays RSSI for each UARFCN scanned.

6.6.3 Spectrum Analysis

This method scans the whole of the 3GPP frequency spectrum, or a user-
specified segment of it, and presents RSSI as a function of frequency in the
chosen band. The spectrum analyzer is particularly useful for spotting
external narrowband interferers, and for verifying the characteristics of the
wideband signal.
The scan resolution is adjusted by the user, the maximum being a sample
spacing of 5 kHz.

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TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 43(60)
 Spectrum Analyzer bar chart showing the WCDMA frequency bands used by two
different operators.

6.6.4 BCH Scanning

Output from BCH scanning. System Information Messages are continuously scanned
and decoded. These messages are listed in the Layer 3 Messages window; one has
been opened to reveal the contents of System Information Block 7 (Message Details
window). In the WCDMA Finger Info window (see below) are given the RSCP, Ec/No
and timing (slot position) of each Rake finger.

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 6.6.5 Network Scanning
This method searches one or several WCDMA frequency bands for
WCDMA carriers (UARFCNs). On each band the search range can be
freely customized. The user also sets Ec/No and RSSI thresholds for
WCDMA cell detection.

6.6.6 Loading Logfiles from Anritsu Scanner

The Anritsu ML8720 scanner, connectable in TEMS Investigation, is also
capable of logging data in logfiles of its own. This logfile format can be read
by TEMS Investigation.

6.6.7 Exporting Scan Data to Mentum CellPlanner

CPICH and CW scan data (sections 6.6.1, 6.6.2) can be exported to
Mentum CellPlanner (version 6.2.2), where the data can be used for
propagation model tuning or presented in map and status windows.

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 6.7 Scanning: GSM

6.7.1 Strongest Channels Scan

GSM frequency scans are presented in a bar chart, the basic layout being
similar to that of the line chart window. The bar chart itself is generic and
can be configured to show any data, but a predefined GSM scanning chart
is supplied where the appropriate information elements are already in place.

Strongest channels sorted by All channels scanned Min/max indicators

decreasing signal strength

Scanned
ARFCNs

For the selected channel it is possible to display real-time min/max indicators keeping
track of the range of signal strength variation for that channel. The two panes at the
bottom provide room for a legend (left) and for user-selected additional data (right),
just as in the line chart.

6.7.2 Adjacent Channels Scan

The image that follows shows an adjacent channel scan where channels
are scanned in groups of five, each group consisting of one C0 frequency
surrounded by two adjacent channels on each side.

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TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 46(60)
 Bar chart showing adjacent channel scan.

6.8 Role of Cell Data in Presentations

Cell data enables the following functions in TEMS Investigation:
 Drawing of site locations, sector orientations, and neighbor relations in
the Map window
 Serving cell/active set indication (WCDMA: “Best cell” in active set in
Cell_DCH mode)
 Best server indication on the map
 In logfile reports: association of statistics with individual cells;
computation of cell ranking based on these statistics
 Sorting of scrambling codes by the neighbor list in the CPICH Scanner
bar chart 1
 Generation of “missing neighbor” event in WCDMA (see section 6.6.1,
“Missing Neighbor Detection: Optimizing Neighbor Relations”) and
GSM 1
 Presentation of cell names in status windows and line charts
 Presentation of distance to cell in status windows (LTE, TD-SCDMA)

1
Requires scanner; on the other hand, if the scanner decodes System Information, no cell file is
needed.

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TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 47(60)
 6.9 Monitoring of Events and Signaling
Layer 3 messages sent and received by the phone are listed in a message
window. Individual messages can be inspected in unabridged, plain-text
format.

Layer 3 Messages window with plain-text decoding of an event.

All of the phone’s internal reports, used by TEMS Investigation to generate

views, graphs, statistical summaries, and events, are presented in the
Mode Reports browser. Double-clicking a report will launch an associated
decode window, showing the parameters in plain English.

© Ascom (2011) Document:

TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 48(60)
 Mode Reports window with plain-text decoding of a message.

6.10 Seeing the Big Picture: Uplink Data (GSM)

TEMS Investigation logfiles contain downlink data only. If the cellular
network uses Ericsson infrastructure, however, they can be augmented
with Mobile Traffic Recordings (MTR files). MTR revision R10 as well as
MTR 2005 in binary format are supported.
The benefit of studying uplink data is that it yields a clearer picture of what
is going on in the network and thus permits the network analyst to draw
more informed conclusions.

6.10.1 Example 1: Handover

Decisions about handovers are made for the phone by the network
(normally in the BSC), and not by the phone itself. The phone contributes in
the decision-making process by reporting the signal strength of neighboring
cells, but the network bases the neighbor ranking and the resulting
handover decisions on other information as well (independent
measurements of signal strength, and also estimates of radio quality and
timing advance).

© Ascom (2011) Document:

TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 49(60)
 Neighbor ranking

The TEMS Investigation logfile contains only the phone’s own “advisory”
measurements, whereas the uplink data includes the final decision arrived
at by the BSC (expressed as ranking of neighbors). Therefore, the uplink
data shows more clearly how the phone interacts with the network.

6.10.2 Example 2: Handover and Power Control

The following chart illustrates interaction between the phone and the
cellular system.

Downlink RxLev

Uplink RxLev

MS transmit power
attenuation

BTS transmit
power
attenuation

Uplink Line Chart. The top chart shows uplink and downlink signal strength (RxLev),
and the bottom chart shows the transmit power of the base station and phone
respectively. Several handovers take place in this segment, each indicated by a hand
symbol.

After each handover, in its new cell, the phone starts transmitting at maximum
transmit power (as it always does). This causes the uplink RxLev to rise sharply. The
dynamic power control algorithm finds that this power level is excessive and
promptly lowers it again. In the present example, receiving conditions are fairly
uniform across all cells involved, as evidenced by the stable downlink RxLev.

© Ascom (2011) Document:

TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 50(60)
 7 Logfile Reading Capabilities
TEMS Investigation is capable of loading logfiles from previous versions of
the product as well as a range of other sources. It is worth underlining that
all these files can be opened and played back on-the-fly in TEMS
Investigation, without the need for any awkward import or conversion
procedure.
The TEMS Investigation application can load logfiles from the following
TEMS products:
 TEMS Investigation 13.0, 12.x, 11.x, 10.x, 9.x, 8.x, 7.x, 6.x
 TEMS Investigation GSM 5.x, 4.x, 3.x
 TEMS Investigation EDGE 1.x
 TEMS Investigation WCDMA 3.x, 2.x
 TEMS DriveTester GSM–TDMA 1.x (GSM logfiles)
 TEMS Pocket 11.0, 8.x1, 7.x, 6.x, 5.x
 TEMS Automatic 8.x, 7.x, 6.x (any RTU/MTU and TEMS Pocket
Remote logfiles)
 TEMS Automatic 5.x (any MTU logfiles)
 TEMS Automatic 4.x (MTU logfiles recorded with GSM-only MTUs)
 TEMS Automatic 3.x, 2.5
TEMS Investigation can also replay
 EFEM logfiles from Motorola phones
 MDM logfiles
 logfiles from Anritsu ML8720 scanners (i.e. files logged by the scanner
itself)
 MTR files (GSM)

1
Please note that TEMS Pocket 8.x logfiles must first be converted using a PC utility that is delivered
with TEMS Pocket 8.x.

© Ascom (2011) Document:

TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 51(60)
 8 Logfile Export and Logfile Report
Generation
TEMS Investigation offers a wide range of analysis and post-processing
functions. This chapter deals with functions not covered in chapter 6: logfile
export and logfile reporting.
Still more advanced and elaborate post-processing can be undertaken with
TEMS Discovery; for the full story on this product, see the TEMS Discovery
Technical Product Description. Note in particular that KPI reports are now
produced with TEMS Discovery.

8.1 Export of Logfiles

Logfiles can be converted to plain-text (ASCII) files with tab-separated
columns, conveniently viewed with a spreadsheet program. Logfiles can
also be exported in formats that are compatible with MapInfo, ArcView, or
Planet.

8.2 Logfile Reports

From one or several logfiles the user can generate a report in HTML format
which summarizes the data in the logfiles. When the report is ready it is
opened in the default Web browser (Internet Explorer 6.0 or later).
A large set of parameters can be thresholded and graphed.
The logfile report has the following main sections:
 Header: Date and time of report generation
 Logfile information: File names and used equipment
 Thresholds: Detailed statistics on crossing of thresholds (by cell)
 Events: Event statistics
 Quality parameters: Distribution bar charts of quality parameter
measurements, and statistics on these measurements
The output involving cell data naturally requires a cell file in order to be
generated.

© Ascom (2011) Document:

TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 52(60)
 9 Connectable Equipment
9.1 Phones, Data Cards, and Scanners Offered with
TEMS Investigation 13.0

9.1.1 Phones and Data Cards

Phones supporting PESQ are tagged as such.
 Sony Ericsson Xperia arc LT15i, LT15a
 Sony Ericsson W995 PESQ, W995a PESQ, W995 EDGE PESQ
 Nokia C7
 Sierra Wireless AC 503
 HTC Touch Pro2, UMTS EU and UMTS AWS

9.1.2 Scanners

9.1.2.1 UMTS
TEMS scanners:
 SRU WCDMA 900/1900/2100 + GSM 850/900/1800/1900
 SRU WCDMA 850/1900/2100 + GSM 850/900/1800/1900
 Scanner Sony Ericsson W995 EDGE, GSM 850/900/1800/1900
In addition, scanning functionality is offered as an option with the following
phones:
 Sony Ericsson W995, W995a, W995 EDGE (EDGE version: GSM
scanning only)

SRUs:
 SRU WCDMA 900/1900/2100 + GSM 850/900/1800/1900
 SRU WCDMA 850/1900/2100 + GSM 850/900/1800/1900

PCTEL scanners (for MX models, see section 9.1.2.3):

 PCTEL PCT-510 GSM 900/1800
 PCTEL PCT-505 WCDMA 2100
 PCTEL PCT-520 WCDMA 2100 + GSM 900/1800
 PCTEL SeeGull LX GSM 850/1900
 PCTEL SeeGull LX GSM 900/1800
 PCTEL SeeGull EX WCDMA 2100 AWS (Band IV) + GSM 1900
 PCTEL SeeGull EX WCDMA 2100 AWS (Band IV) + GSM 850/1900

© Ascom (2011) Document:

TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 53(60)
  PCTEL SeeGull EX WCDMA 2100 + GSM 900/1800
 PCTEL SeeGull EX WCDMA 850/900 + GSM 900/1800
 PCTEL SeeGull EX WCDMA 850/1900 + GSM 850/1900
 PCTEL SeeGull EX WCDMA 900/2100 + GSM 900/1800
 PCTEL SeeGull EX mini WCDMA 2100
 PCTEL SeeGull EX mini WCDMA 2100 AWS (Band IV)
 PCTEL SeeGull EX mini WCDMA 900/2100
 PCTEL SeeGull EX mini WCDMA 850/1900

Notes on PCTEL scanners: BSIC scanning is included in all GSM scanner

licenses. GSM C/I scanning requires the purchase of an additional option.
Bands given are downlink bands, unless otherwise noted.

9.1.2.2 LTE

 DRT4301A+ LTE 700/850/1900/2100 AWS

 DRT4301A+ LTE 900/1800/2100 AWS/2600
 PCTEL SeeGull EX LTE Upper 700-C + Lower 700-A/B/C (UL/DL)
 PCTEL SeeGull EX LTE Upper 700-C + 1900/2100 AWS
 PCTEL SeeGull EX LTE Lower 700-A/B/C + Upper 700-C/2100 AWS
 PCTEL SeeGull EX LTE 2600/800 (UL/DL)
 PCTEL SeeGull EX LTE 2600/1800 (DL)
 PCTEL SeeGull EX mini LTE Lower 700-A/B/C (UL/DL)
 PCTEL SeeGull EX mini LTE 1900
 PCTEL SeeGull EX mini LTE 1900/2100 AWS
 PCTEL SeeGull EX mini LTE 2600 (DL)

9.1.2.3 PCTEL MX Scanners (valid for all of LTE, WCDMA and GSM)

 PCTEL SeeGull MX LTE Lower 700-A/B/C (UL/DL) +

WCDMA 850/1900 + GSM 850/1900
 PCTEL SeeGull MX LTE 800/2600 (UL/DL) + WCDMA 900/2100 +
GSM 900/1800
 PCTEL SeeGull MX LTE 1800 (UL/DL) + WCDMA 850 (UL/DL)
 PCTEL SeeGull MX LTE 2100 AWS (UL/DL) + Lower 700-A/B/C (DL) +
WCDMA 850/1900 + 2100 AWS (UL/DL) + GSM 850/1900
 PCTEL SeeGull MX LTE 2100 AWS (UL/DL) +
WCDMA 850/1900 + 2100 AWS (UL/DL) + GSM 850/1900

© Ascom (2011) Document:

TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 54(60)
  PCTEL SeeGull MX LTE 2600/2100 (UL/DL) +
WCDMA 900/1800 + 2100 (UL/DL) + GSM 900/1800
 PCTEL SeeGull MX LTE 2600/1800 (DL) + 2100 (UL/DL) +
WCDMA 900/1800 + 2100 (UL/DL) + GSM 900/1800
 PCTEL SeeGull MX LTE 2600/1800 (DL) +
WCDMA 900/1800/2100 + GSM 900/1800

9.1.2.4 Rohde & Schwarz Scanners

 R&S TSMW Universal Network Analyzer; LTE support offered as option;

no frequency restrictions

9.1.2.5 TD-SCDMA

 PCTEL SeeGull EX mini TD-SCDMA 2000 MHz (Band 34)

 PCTEL SeeGull EX TD-SCDMA 2000 MHz (Band 34) and GSM
900/1800

9.1.2.6 CDMA

 PCTEL SeeGull LX 1x 450

 PCTEL SeeGull LX EV-DO 450
 PCTEL SeeGull EX 1x 2100 AWS + EV-DO 2100 AWS
 PCTEL SeeGull EX mini 1x 1900/2100 AWS

9.1.2.7 WiMAX

 DRT4301A+ WiMAX (802.16e) 2.5/3.5 GHz

 DRT4301A+ WiMAX (802.16e) 2.3/2.5 GHz

© Ascom (2011) Document:

TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 55(60)
 9.2 Selected Capabilities of Devices Offered with
TEMS Investigation 13.0

Xperia arc LT15a

HTC Touch Pro2

HTC Touch Pro2

Xperia arc LT15i

Sierra Wireless
Sony Ericsson

Sony Ericsson

Sony Ericsson

Sony Ericsson

Sony Ericsson
W995 EDGE

Nokia C7
W995a

AC503
W995

AWS
EU
Feature/Device

WCDMA 800 
WCDMA 850    
WCDMA 900     
WCDMA 1700 
WCDMA 1900    
WCDMA 2100        
WCDMA 2100 AWS 
GSM 850         
GSM 900         
GSM 1800         
GSM 1900         
External antenna 1
   
AQM capable   
HSDPA Category 8 8 8 8 9 7/8 7/8 14

HSUPA Category 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6

GPRS Class 10 10 10 10 10 32 12 12 12

EDGE Class 10 10 10 10 10 32 12 12 10

GSM scanning   
WCDMA scanning   
TEMS Pocket       
Control functionality2 A A A B

1
I.e. external antenna solution offered as option by Ascom.
2
A = Advanced; B = Basic.

© Ascom (2011) Document:

TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 56(60)
 9.3 Scanning Support by Device
The tables in this section show, for selected technologies, what scanning
methods are supported with each of the listed device types connected to
TEMS Investigation.1
For the technologies not listed here, the situation is simpler, so that no table
is necessary; see sections 5.6.3, 5.6.4, 5.6.5, and 5.6.6.

9.3.1 WCDMA
Sony PCTEL PCTEL PCTEL
Scanning Capability/Device Ericsson Anritsu SeeGull SeeGull SeeGull
/SRU LX EX MX

Pilot scanning, static SC set   

Pilot scanning, Top N     
Pilot: SIB decoding (continuous)   
Pilot: SIB decoding (snapshot) 
Pilot: P-SCH + S-SCH    
2
Pilot: No. of UARFCNs 12 1 or 2 4 12 12

SCH timeslot scanning 

RSSI scanning   
Spectrum analysis   
Network scanning 

9.3.2 LTE
PCTEL PCTEL
Andrew R&S
Scanning Capability/Device DRT SeeGull SeeGull
i.Scan TSMW
EX MX

LTE signal scan     

RSSI scan   
Spectrum scan    
Enhanced power scan   

9.4 GPS Devices

TEMS Investigation supports the NMEA-0183 GPS protocol.
Some other GPS units using a different protocol are also compatible with
TEMS Investigation, including the GPS built into the supported PCTEL
scanners.

1
The devices themselves may possess further scanning capabilities currently not made use of by
TEMS Investigation.
2
Depending on physical configuration.

© Ascom (2011) Document:

TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 57(60)
 This is the full list of recommended GPS units:
 Garmin 10 Mobile Bluetooth (NMEA-0183)
 Garmin 12XL (NMEA-0183)
 Garmin 18 USB
 Garmin 18x USB
 Garmin 35 (NMEA-0183)
 Garmin 60 CSx USB
 GlobalSat BT-359 (NMEA-0183)
 GlobalSat BT-368 (NMEA-0183)
 GlobalSat BU-303 (NMEA-0183)
 GlobalSat BU-353 (NMEA-0183)
 Holux GPSlim 236 (NMEA-HS; Bluetooth or USB)
 Magnetti Marelli RoutePlanner NAV200
 Nokia LD-3W Bluetooth (NMEA-0183)
 Sanav GM-44 (NMEA-0183)
 Sanav GM-158 (NMEA-0183)

9.5 Accessories
In addition to the standard packages, the following optional items can be
delivered:
 Equipment cases
 GPS units
 TEMS Pocket-enabled Sony Ericsson and Nokia phones
 Laptops tested with TEMS Investigation 13.0
 Indoor backpack including battery solution
The indoor backpack contains everything (including battery pack and serial
converter) needed to operate a scanner in indoor and pedestrian
environments. It accommodates any of the PCTEL models except MX, as
well as a DRT scanner and one stand-alone downlink AQM module.
Please contact Ascom for further information on the available accessories.

© Ascom (2011) Document:

TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 58(60)
 10 Hardware and Software Requirements
10.1 Hardware and Software Requirements for TEMS
Investigation Application
TEMS Investigation is designed to run on a standard PC and interfaces
with the connected devices mainly through USB or serial ports.
Administrator rights are not needed to run the application (only to install it).
Processor and RAM requirements are strongly dependent on what external
devices are connected and what tasks they perform. The recommended
minimum configuration is: Pentium T7200 or AMD TL-58 class CPU,
preferably with dedicated graphics card from ATI or nVidia; 1 GB RAM.
Please note that it is not advisable to collect data with more than one
device, or to collect data in an LTE or HSPA network, using this
configuration.
Windows Experience Index (WEI) scores should meet the following
requirements:
 Minimum configuration: CPU > 4.5 and Graphics > 3.0
 Maximum configuration: CPU > 5.2 and all scores > 4.0.
By “maximum configuration” is meant:
 (GSM, WCDMA Rel 99, and CDMA:) Up to six concurrent voice calls or
up to four concurrent data service sessions.
 (EV-DO, HSPA, LTE:) One or a maximum of two concurrent data
service sessions. The lower number is due to technical limitations of
NDIS and device drivers.

10.1.1 Other Hardware Requirements

 One USB port for each phone
 One USB port for each stand-alone AQM module
 One USB port for each USB scanner
 USB port, Bluetooth port, or serial port for GPS
 ExpressCard/34 slot or PC Card slot for any data card user terminals
 Sound card and loudspeakers for event audio indications
 Graphics: 1024  768 (SVGA) with at least 16 bit colors (High Color)

10.1.2 Software Requirements

 .NET Framework version 4.0
 Internet Explorer 6.0 or higher required for Report Generator and online
help

© Ascom (2011) Document:

TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 59(60)
  Microsoft Core XML Services (MSXML) 6.0 required for support of XML-
format cell files (not included in Windows XP)
 Microsoft DirectX 9.0c required for video streaming measurements

10.1.3 Supported Operating Systems

 Windows 7 (64-bit and 32-bit), Professional Edition
 Windows Vista with Service Pack 1, Enterprise Edition
 Windows XP Professional with Service Pack 3
 Windows XP Tablet PC Edition with Service Pack 3

All the latest Windows updates should always be installed.

Supported OS languages are English (US), Chinese (simplified characters),
and Japanese.

10.2 Hardware and Software Requirements for Call

Generator
Audio quality measurements (AQM) require the use of either an MRU or a
call generator: see section 5.4. Requirements on the machine hosting a call
generator are as follows:
 1.6 GHz processor, 1 GB RAM
 2.7 GB free space on disk
 Free full-length PCI Express or PCI slot for installing the Dialogic card.
For PCI, an adjacent PCI slot must also be free (otherwise there is not
enough room for the circuitry on the card).
 Windows Server 2008 (64-bit version) or Windows Server 2003 (32-bit
version)

10.3 Requirements for TEMS UDP Server Software

UDP testing makes use of TEMS software installed on the PC that
functions as UDP server. This PC needs to have one of the following
operating systems installed: Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2003,
Windows 7, Windows Vista, or Windows XP.

© Ascom (2011) Document:

TPD 8901-0006 Rev A 60(60)