furniture polish Agnote DAI/123 Revised August 1999 Doug Somerville District Livestock Officer (Apiculture) Goulburn
INTRODUCTION RECIPES FOR BEESWAX POLISH
Beeswax has been used for many purposes, including There are a number of recipes for polishes with the manufacture of comb foundation, as a base for beeswax as their major ingredient. The final cosmetics (particularly lipsticks and face creams), product can be a liquid, cream/paste or a solid candles, as a waterproofing agent, and as a base block depending on the proportions of each for polish. ingredient. The exact proportions in each recipe An unusual use for a beeswax-based polish mentioned are not critical. Vary the amounts of occurred during World War II when hundreds of each ingredient to suit yourself. Remember, the thousands of kilograms were used for polishing more solvent you add, the more liquid will be the metal aeroplanes, coating shells, waterproofing final product. ignition apparatus, and coating canvas tents. A more traditional use of beeswax is in a polish Mixing the ingredients for wood — one of the oldest wood polishes Warning. Wax is highly flammable. Do not heat known is made of beeswax and turpentine. it over a direct flame. Use a couple of old pots or Commercial waxes may be divided into three saucepans, one inside the other. Partly fill the groups: larger pot with water and place the smaller pot in • animal wax, of which beeswax is the most this water bath. This prevents the ingredients familiar product from overheating. In case of fire, do not try to • mineral wax, including paraffin, a by-product extinguish it with water. Use sand, a large damp of petroleum cloth or a fire extinguisher. • vegetable wax, including a wide variety of If the beeswax is not clean then it may be substances scraped from leaves or obtained necessary to heat the wax to 70O–75OC and pass from plants in other ways. this solution through a fine filter. Coarse filter Beeswax is exuded as a glandular secretion from paper is satisfactory as is a piece of fine cloth. the lower abdomen of worker bees. It is a fatty All the ingredients listed should be obtainable acid composed of 16% hydrocarbons, 31% straight from woodcraft suppliers. chain monohydric alcohols, 3% diols, 31% acids, 13% hydroxy acids, and 6% other substances. Liquid beeswax furniture polish The oxidation of beeswax is so slow as to be To make liquid beeswax furniture polish you will negligible – pieces taken from Egyptian tombs need the following ingredients: have been still pliable. Beeswax washed ashore from wrecks and long buried on ocean beaches • 50 g pure soap flakes has been reclaimed, none the worse for wear. • 100 g beeswax Beeswax has a specific gravity of 0.960–0.972 • 500 mL turpentine at 15OC, and a melting point of 62O–66OC. For its ductility, it has the highest melting point of any • 250 mL water wax known. It is a non-crystalline wax, impervious Dissolve the soap in the warm water in one pan, to moisture. It binds well into a solvent and is by put the shaved wax into the turpentine in another far the best wax for forming an emulsion. It gives pan and warm gently until the wax is thoroughly a soft, satiny sheen to wood. melted and dissolved. Then pour the soap mixture into the turpentine, stirring with a wooden stick. Carnauba wax can be added to any of the previous When dissolved and well mixed, pour into the recipes in small proportions to give great hardness storage jars. When mixing ingredients ensure they with a high gloss finish. are of the same temperature. With the addition of Carnauba wax, the slightly tacky feel of beeswax is removed. Cream or paste beeswax furniture polish Note: Carnauba wax, with a melting point of This recipe is simply a mixture of beeswax and a 83O–86OC, is the world’s hardest known wax. It suitable solvent. The less solvent used, the more has the unique quality of being able to harden stiff the mixture. The traditional solvent is pure other waxes when added in small quantities. It is turpentine and this gives to beeswax polish the extracted from the leaves of a palm tree which scent reminiscent of gleaming old mahogany. The flourishes in Brazil. solvent can be replaced by mineral turps or white spirit. Use: CONTAINERS FOR POLISH • 100 g beeswax Some plastics can be used to contain the various • 250 mL solvent preparations or mould the solid polishes. Heat solvent in a pan and the beeswax in a separate Open glass jars are suitable for containing the pan to the same temperature. Pour solvent into wax liquids, creams and paste preparations. Avoid tins. and stir thoroughly. Pour into prepared containers. With time a tin will corrode and detract from the preparation. Pine oil beeswax furniture polish Thoroughly wash all containers to be used in Another recipe adding soap and pine oil can give very hot water. a far more liquid cream product with a distinctive aroma. Use: APPLYING POLISH TO WOOD • 100 g beeswax Lathe application • 250 mL solvent • 50 g pure soap flakes Apply wax in the hard form by wrapping a piece • 150 mL warm water of cloth around it and holding it against the revolving work. Friction will melt the wax and • 50 mL pine oil spread it evenly over the surface. Buff lightly Dissolve the soap in the warm water and mix with a soft cloth. well. Set aside to cool. Mix the beeswax and Normal application solvent as described above. Allow to cool. When both are cool, mix the pine oil, beeswax/solvent Apply polish in a paste or cream form with a soft and soap/water together. If you have difficulty in cloth. Buff to a high lustre. mixing, heat slightly.
Solid furniture polish The information contained in this publication is based
on knowledge and understanding at the time of writing • 100 g Carnauba wax (August 1999). However, because of advances in • 300 g beeswax knowledge, users are reminded of the need to ensure that information upon which they rely is up to date • 400 mL turpentine and to check currency of the information with the Melt the Carnauba wax and the beeswax together, appropriate officer of New South Wales Department heating to 85O–90OC. of Agriculture or the user’s independent adviser.