GARCIA,DKM.

 Current Society- di na pro-life, more on capitalism and materialism.

 Past generations- padamihan anak.
 Demographic Change affects the FAMILY.
 Current role of women- Not to give birth. She has the power. They have work and
childbearing is now an OPTION AND NOT AN OBLIGATION.
 Past role of women- reproduce more!
 As of now, mas madami na ang older population especially sa ibang bansa kasi di
uso childbearing.
 Economic Independence- Opt not to get pregnant, more on occupation.
 Extended Lifespan
- Sa U.S, pag matanda na, pwede pa magasawa ng kaage or mas bata.
- Because of remarrying and migration mas humahaba buhay kasi they are happy.

CHRONIC DISEASES
1. Heart Diseases
2. Cancer
3. Stroke
4. COPD
5. Unintentional Injury
6. Diabetes Mellitus
7. Influenza/ Pneumonia
8. Alzheimer’s Disease
9. Nephritis or Nephrosis

COMMON CAUSE OF DISABILITY

 Arthritis
 Back pain
 Heart disease
 Cancer
 Depression
 Diabetes
NOTE: DI KO ALAM KUNG KUMPLETO YAN HIHI

Nurse and Family Interactions

- If you are working as a caregiver in nursing homes, the relationship with your patient
will end after shift with no extensions.
- In U.S., there is no nurse-patient relationship

Elderly Abuse
 Neglect
Ex. In the Phil., pag may sakit na ang isang matanda, dinadala sa hospital.
In other countries, pag dinala sa nursing homes and pumirma ng documents na dapat
hindi na gamutin yung patient and nilabag mo (nabuhay yung patient because of
treatment) you will have a case.
Documents: DNR or do not resuscitate, palliative care
 Psychosocial or emotional abuse
- be patient sa mga matatanda since they are already weak unlike before
 Financial abuse
- common in U.S.
-Pag tumanda, iniiwan na ng family
-Maghahanap ng tao (kahit di relative), pagkakatiwalaan ang pera
-Inaabuse ang pera ng old patient since they have the power
 Abandonment
Ex. Nahulog sa bed, pinabayaan mo
 GARCIA,DKM.

Yung neglect doon is hindi tinaas yung side rails.

 Family Abuse- not common in our country.
 RESPONSIBILITY OF THE FAMILY TOWARDS THE OLDER ADULTS
- feeding, giving medications, bathing, helping them in wearing their clothes
PINAKAIMPORTANT: PYSHIOLOGICAL NEEDS (love and care will follow nalang)
 Caregiver Abuse- common in U.S.
 Prevention Elder Abuse at Home
-Senior citizen clubs
 Prevention Elder Abuse in Nursing Homes
- tigpprovide ng government sa ibang bansa
-Binibisita sila ng mga social workers, dieticians,nutritionists etc.
In the Phil.,
DSWD- maaction lang kapag may naabuse na matanda
-Prevention wala sila
-Di sila nagvivisit

 Senescence- process of deterioration with age.

 Biological Changes- outer part of the body
 Molecular Theories
 Cellular Theory- inside the body, damage within you (cells). FOCUS: physiological
changes

Psychological
1. Jung’s Theory of Individualism
- hypothesizes that as a person ages, the shift of focus is away from the external world
(extraversion) and towards the inner experience (introversion).
-this stage of life an older person is in search of answers, riddles and essence of self
-to reach success is to accept past accomplishments and failures

2. Erikson’s Development Theory

Ego Integrity vs Despair
-This stage begins at approximately age 65 and ends at death.
- It is during this time that we contemplate our accomplishments and can develop
integrity if we see ourselves as leading a successful life.Individuals who reflect on their
life and regret not achieving their goals will experience feelings of bitterness and
despair.

-Erik Erikson believed if we see our lives as unproductive, feel guilt about our past, or
feel that we did not accomplish our life goals, we become dissatisfied with life and
develop despair, often leading to depression and hopelessness.
-Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of wisdom. Wisdom enables a person to look
back on their life with a sense of closure and completeness, and also accept death
without fear.
-Dapat di magfocus sa unacomplished things kasi nagiging unhappy and incomplete and
di matatanggap na mamamatay na siya.

3. Sociological Aging Theories

-Focuses roles and relationships in the later life.

a) Disengagement Theory
-Introduced by Cummings and Henry in 1961.
 GARCIA,DKM.

-This theory asserts that appropriate pattern of behavior in the later life is for the older
person and society at large in a mutual and reciprocal withdrawal.
-Pag tumanda ka, madidisengage ka na sa society.

b) Activity Theory
-Introduced by Havighurst and Albrecht (1953).
-Remain active in their communities
-Contradicts Disengagement Theory
-the more active and involved an elderly person is, the happier he or she will be. 
-Positive to the older adult

c) Continuity Theory
-Maintaining values, habits, preferences
-The elderly make specific choices to maintain consistency in internal (personality
structure, beliefs) and external structures (relationships), remaining active and involved
throughout their elder years. This is an attempt to maintain social equilibrium and
stability by making future decisions on the basis of already developed social roles. One
criticism of this theory is its emphasis on so-called “normal” aging, which marginalizes
those with chronic diseases such as Alzheimer’s.
-Continue being the same person
-slow pero mapeperform pa din