KELLER Piling Guidance Note General Guidance Note No. 06 Cage Design for CFA Piles Revi 2 Date 113.13 By A Mahmood/D Egan 1.0 SCOPE This Guidance Note summarises details of a series of reinforcement cages for CFA piles. Appendix A shows a summary of the cages considered herein. This document also gives guidance on the bending moments that can be carried by the different cages offered by Keller in both British Standard and Eurocode design formats (shown in Appendix B and C respectively). This guidance note does not replace the need for the user to be familiar with the requirements of standards and codes of practice governing reinforcement design. This guidance note should also be read in conjunction with the FPS position paper on the design of piles to BE EN 1992:1 htto://fps.org.uk/fps/publications.php (reproduced in ‘Appendix D.) 2.0 Cage Types Offered by Keller It is necessary to consider both practical aspects of robustness along with the almost infinite number of configurations possible for reinforcement bars when choosing the steel for a pile reinforcement cage. To reduce the options to something manageable a series of standardised configurations is considered in this Guidance Note. ‘Appendix A shows the minimum steel reinforcing requirements that are to use used for the range of CFA pile diameters offered by Keller for single cages (|.e. not lapped). These have been developed to balance the requirements of:- * Robustness and practical installation considerations. ¢ The requirements of BS EN 1536 - Execution of Bored Piles. ‘* The requirements of BS8110 or BS EN 1992:1. There still exists variances between established industry practice and the strict adherence to all clauses in the design standards (BS8110/BS EN 1992), some of the cages listed here fall outside the requirements of certain clauses of the design standards, these are highlighted in orange in Appendix A. Where these cages are proposed the following clauses must be considered for use within Keller's tender and/or design documentation. BS8110 Design Our proposals allow for the requirements of Section 7.5 of BS EN 1536 Bored Piles. BS EN 1992:1 Design Our proposals allow for the requirements of Section 7.5 of BS EN 1536 Bored Piles. Calculation shows that fewer than six longitudinal reinforcing bars are required thereby overriding the requirement for a minimum of 6 longitudinal bars as noted below Table 9.6N,3.0 British Standard Design Appendix B shows a selection of N/M plots for steel reinforcement cages to BB8110 design requirements. Oasys Adsec templates are as shown below. a= aa Figure 3.0 shows the location ofthe Adsec calculations for British Standard Design. 3.1 Location of N/M plots The location of the document is in the following path: \ \kellerde\Engineering\KF DESIGN \Design Spreadsheets Standard Oasys Templates \Adsec Cage Templates BS ‘The name of the document is: Standard Cage Types Offered by Keller (BS) Then select the Tab with the Pile Diameter you require. OnKF DESIGN\Guidance Nate PingGutance Notes 06 PILING GUIDANCE NOTES - Cage Desian fr CFA Piles Rey 1 1043 13doeThe name of the document is: Standard Cage Types Offered by Keller (EC) Then select the Tab with the Pile Diameter you require labelled. 3.3 Location of Adsec calculations The locations of the Adsec calculations are in the following path: |\\kellerdc\Engineering\KF DESIGN\Design Spreadsheets \Standard Oasys Templates \Adsec Cage Templates EC OAKF DESIGN\Guidance Notes\Pling Guidance Notesi6 PILING GUIDANCE NOTES - Cage Design for CFA Piles Rev 1 1003.13. doeewer Minimum Acceptable Rlnforcement Cages for CFA Piles Keller Ltd in HHL Le 2 H ns i l@_| ra EE = Erolsous — ay ozayp— 84 918>— 8y71¢y»— a8e) Jajawelg WWOOE [nei] a20g repey {s@) 42118 Aq paxayo sadAl a8ep prepuersa2228 28222 [no] 22404 epey[wn] wewow‘OMKF DESIGN Guidance NotePlng Guidance Notes06 PILING GUIDANCE NOTES - Cage Design for CFA Piles Rey 1 10.03.13 doewe 2s 22333 ase paleeeedé Prt[wy] wawow a8eD sajaweig WOODS [nai] 22204 [ey sa1}9y Aq parayo sadAl ae pepuersFederation of Pi The Design of Piles to BS EN 41997:1 and BS EN 199: Many piling and piled retaining wall designs are now being carried out in accordance with seicdes BS EN 1997:1 Geotechnical Design and BS EN 1992:1 Design of Concrete Structures Experience gained during the design process has highlighted a number of areas Sinore the members of the FPS believe that clarification is needed. The following highlight the FPS position and technical advice for all piles excluding micropiles: 1.0 Minimum Number of Reinforcing Bars - Bored Piles BS EN 1596 (1999) Cl. 7.6.2.3states that the minimum requirement for longitudinal reinforcement is 4 bars 12mm diameter. There is no reference to design bending moment or shear force. BS EN 1992:1 Cl. 9.8.5 requires bored piles (which includes CFA) to have a minimum of 6 longitudinal bars, where reinforcement is required to resist bending or shear. The minimum bar size is 16mm. ‘The FPS position is as follows: «If there is NO design shear or bending moment, 8S EN 1596:2010, cl. 7.5.2.2 and 7.5.2.3 apply «If there IS. design shear or bending moment, BS EN 1992, cl. 9.8.5 applies UNLESS ‘other provisions’ are made, such as specifically designing for the minimum resistance offered in any direction by the proposed fourifive bar cage. 2.0 Design Lap Lengths in many instances the interpretation of the required lap length for pile and diaphragm wall cages has increased from the requirements as specified in BS 8110. The main variation is based on the assessment of the bond condition. The type of bond being ‘good’ or ‘poor’ needs to be assessed on a case by case basis. A ‘poor bond condition does not apply to the typical case of vertical bars cast under bentonite, This subject is covered by the Arup paper by Jones and Holt (published in The Structural Engineer) Sinich links the bond assessment with the effects of support fluid. The FPS position is that provided the cover to the main bar is twice the diameter of the main bar then concitions of good bond should apply FPS: The Design of Piles to BS EN 19971 and BS EN 1992:t leoue 04 Nov 2011,