4.

OSCILLATIONS
1. A particle excuting S.H.M of amplitude 2. A particle performs S.H.M of period 12
5 cm and period of 2 s. Find the speed seconds and amplitude 8 cm. If initially
of the particle at a point where its the particle is at the positive extremity,
acceleration is half of its maximum how much time will it take to cover a
value. distance of 6 cm from the extreme
Given : position.
A = 5 cm = 5 × 10–2 m, Solution :
T = 2 s. T = 12 s,
A = 8 cm
a max Aω 2
a = = 2π π
2 2 ∴ ω = = rad/s
T 6
To Find :
v = ? When the particle covers a distance of 6
Formula : cm from the positive extremity, its
displacement from the mean position is
v = ω A 2 – x2 x = 8–6 = 2 cm
Solution : From the equation of S.H.M
Since x = A cos ωt
a = ωx2 [from extreme position]
a max π 
∴ a = 2 = 8 cos  t 
2 6 

Aω 2 π 
ω2x = ∴ cos  t  = 0.25
2 6 
A π
∴ x = ∴ t = cos–1 (0.25)
2 6
= 75052′
v = ω A 2 – x2
π π
A2 3 ∴ t = 75052′ × (in rad)
∴ v = ω A2 – = ω
Aω
6 1800
4 2
6 × 75.52
∴ t =
3 2π 180
= × 5 × 10–2 ×
2 T 75.52
=
 2π  30
∵ ω = T  ∴ t = 2.517 s
 

3 2 × 3.14
= × 5 × 10–2 ×
2 2
–2
= 13.6 × 10 m/s
∴ v = 13.6 cm/s

Oscillations
MAHESH TUTORIALS SCIENCE .. 19
3. When the displacement in S.H.M is
P.E 8
1 rd = 1–
of the amplitude, what fraction of T.E 9
3
P.E 1
total energy is kinetic energy and what ∴ =
T.E 9
fraction is potential energy ?
Given :
4. The displacement of a particle
A performing linear S.H.M is given by
x =
3
6 sin  3 πt +
5π 
To Find : x=  meter. Find
 6 
K.E
= ? amplitude, frequency and the phase
T.E constant of the motion
P.E Given :
= ?
T.E  5π 
Formula : x = 6 sin  3πt +  metre
 6 
1 To Find :
i) T.E = kA2
2 A = ?
n = ?
1
ii) K.E = k(A2 – x2) α = ?
2 Formula :
Solution : x = A sin (ωωt +α
α)
Solution :
1  2  A 2 
K.E = k A –    Comparing formula with given equation
2   3   We have,

A = 6m
1  2 A2  ω = 3ππ rad/s
= k A –  ω = 2ππn
2  9 
ω 3π
2 ∴ n = =
1 8A 2π 2π
= k× ∴ n = 1.5 Hz
2 9
Phase constant,
1 2  8  5π
 2 kA  9   α = rad
K.E
   8 6
∴ = =
 1
kA 2 
T.E 9
 2 
5. The period of oscillation of simple
pendulum increases by 20 % when its
K.E 8 length increased by 44 cm. Find its
∴ =
T.E 9 i) intial length
Since, P.E = T.E – K.E ii) initial period
Given :
P.E T.E – K.E
∴ = T2 120 6
T.E T.E = =
T1 100 5
K.E
= 1– ∴ l2 = l1 + 0.44
T.E Oscillations
 .. 20 MAHESH TUTORIALS SCIENCE

To Find :
i) l1 = ? l1
Also, T1 = 2π
g
ii) T2 = ?
Formula : 1
= 2 × 3.14
9.8
l
T = 2π ∴ T1 = 2.006 s
g
Solution :
6. A clock regulated by a seconds
l1 pendulum keeps correct time. During
T1 = 2π
g summer the length of the pendulum
increases to 1.01 m. How much will the
l2 clock gain or lose in one day ?
T2 = 2π (g = 9.8 m/s2)
g
Given :
T2 l2 l = 1.01 m
∴ = g = 9.8 m/s2
T1 l1
To Find :
6 Time lost or gain per day in summer
T1 l1 + 0.44 ∆T = ?
5
∴ = Formula :
T1 l1
l
6 l1 + 0.44 T = 2π
∴ = g
5 l1
Solution :
Squaring both sides, we get Substituting the given values,
36 l1 + 0.44 1.01
= T = 2 × 3.14 ×
25 l1 9.8
36 0.44
= l+ 1.01
25 l1 = 6.28
9.8
36 0.44 = 2.017 s
∴ –1 = ∴ T = 2.017 s
25 l1
The period of a seconds pendulum is 2 s
36 – 25 0.44 ie, pendulum clock will lose its period.
∴ =
25 l1 ∴ loss in period = 2.017 – 2 = 0.017 s
11 0.44 ie, 0.017 s is lost in 2.017 s
∴ = ∴ Loss in period per day
25 l1

25 × 0.44 24 × 3600 × 0.017

∴ l1 = ∆T =
11 2.017
∴ l1 = 1m ∴ ∆T = 728.21 s

Oscillations
MAHESH TUTORIALS SCIENCE .. 21

7. An object performing S.H.M with mass

of 0.5 kg, force constant 10 N/m and 1
iv) P.E. = kx2,
amplitude 3 cm. 2
i) What is the total energy of object ? 1
ii) What is its maximum speed ? P.E. = × 10 × (2 × 10–2)2
2
iii) What is the speed at x = 2 cm ?
iv) What are kinetic and potential P.E. = 2 × 10–3 J
energies when x = 2 cm ? v) Since,
Given : K.E. = T.E. – P.E.
m = 0.5 kg
= 4.5 × 10–3 – 2 × 10–3
k = 10 N/m
A = 3 cm = 3 × 10–2 m, ∴ K.E. = 2.5 × 10–3 J

k 10 8. A simple pendulum is used in physics

ω2 = = = 20
m 0.5 laboratory experiment to obtain
experimental value for gravitational
∴ ω = 20 rad/sec
acceleration g. A student measures the
To Find :
length of pendulum 0.51 m, displaces it
i) T.E = ? o
10 from equilibrium position and
ii) vmax = ? released it. Using a stopwatch, the
iii) v = ? at x = 2cm student determines that period of
iv) K.E = ? pendulum is 1.44 s. Determine the
experimental value of the gravitational
v) P.E = ? at x = 2cm
acceleration.
Formula : Given :
1 l = 0.51 m
i) T.E. = kA2 T = 1.44 s
2
ii) vmax = ωA To Find :
g = ?
iii) v = ω A 2 – x2 Formula :
1 l
iv) P.E. = kx2, T = 2π
2 g
v) K.E. = T.E. – P.E. Solution :
Solution : From formula
1 l
i) T.E. = × 10 × (3 × 10–2)2 T2 = 4π2
2 g
T.E. = 4.5 × 10–3 J
ii) vmax = 20 × 3 × 10–2 4π 2 l
∴ g =
vmax = 0.1342 m/s T2
2
iii) v = 20 × 4 × ( 3.14 ) × 0.51
∴ g =
–2 2 –2 2 ( 1.44 )2
( 3 × 10 ) ( – 2 × 10 ) ∴ g = 9.699 m/s2
∴ v = 20 × 5 × 10–4
∴ v = 0.1 m/s
Oscillations
 .. 22 MAHESH TUTORIALS SCIENCE

9. A particle executes S.H.M with 10. A body describes S.H.M in a path 0.12 m
amplitude of 10 cm and period of 10 s. long. Its velocity at the centre of the line
Find the is 0.12 m/s. Find the period, and
i) velocity magnitude of velocity at a distance
ii) acceleration of the particle at a
3 × 10–2 m from the central position.
distance 5 cm from the equilibrium
Given :
position.
2A = 0.12 m,
Given :
∴ A = 0.06 m,
A = 10 cm, T = 10 s
vmax = 0.12 m/s,
To Find :
i) v = ? x = 3 × 10–2 m
ii) aat x = 5 cm = ? To Find :
Formula : T = ?, v = ?
Formula :
i) v = ± ω A 2 – x2
i) vmax = ωA
ii) a = – ω2 x
Solution : ii) v = ω A 2 – x2
Solution :
v = ±ω A 2 – x2
vmax = ωA
2π vmax 0.12
v = ±
T ( 10 )2 – ( 5 )2 ω = = = 2
A 0.06
 2π  2π
∵ ω = T  ∴ = 2
  T

2π 2π
∴ v = ±
T ( 10 )2 – ( 5 )2 ∴ T =
2
= π
∴ T = 3.142 s
2π
= ± ×5 3
T v = ω A 2 – x2
∴ v = ±π 3 2π 2
∴ v = ± 5.442 cm/s v =
T
( 0.06 )2 – ( 3 × 10 –2 )
a = – ω2 x
2π
2 = 0.0036 – 0.0003
 2π  T
a = –   ×5
 T 
= 2 0.0033
2
4π × 5 = 2 × 0.0574
= – v = 0.1149 m/s
( 10 )2
11. A particle executes S.H.M with a period
20π 2 π2 8 s. Find the time in which half the total
= – =
100 5 energy is potential.
a = – 1.974 cm/s2 Given :
T = 8s
1
T.E = P.E
2
Oscillations
MAHESH TUTORIALS SCIENCE .. 23

To Find :
t = ?
Formula :
1
i) T.E = kA2
2
1
ii) P.E = kx2
2
Solution :
Since
1
T.E = P.E
2
From formula (i) and (ii)
1 1 1 2
∴ × kA2 = kx
2 2 2
1 1 2
∴ kA2 = kx
4 2
1 2
∴ A = x2
2
A
∴ x =
2
Also, x = A sin ωt
A
∴ A sin ωt =
2
1
∴ sin ωt =
2
 2π  1
∴ sin  t =
 T  2

 2π  1
∴ sin  t =
 8  2

π 1
∴ sin   t =
4 2

π  1 
∴  t = sin–1  
4  2

π π
∴  t =
4 4
∴ t = 1 sec
Oscillations