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  • QC Learning Module - Neutralization Method

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    Angela Castrillo
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    QC Learning Module_ Neutralization Method

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    13 views2 pages

    QC Learning Module - Neutralization Method

    Uploaded by

    Angela Castrillo

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 2

    Acid Base Theories ■ Prolonged heating in assay

    ○ Chloride ion is soluble


    ● Arrhenius ● HClO4 and H2SO4
    ○ Acid: A substance that releases ○ Stable
    protons [H+] in a solution ○ Preferred in reactions with
    ○ Base: A substance that releases precipitation of chloride acids
    Hydroxide ions [-OH] in a solution ○ Higher temperatures makes them
    ● Bronsted-Lowry oxidizing acid
    ○ Acid: A substance that releases or ● Nitric Acid (x)
    donates protons in a solution ○ Very strong oxidizing acid
    ○ Base: A substance that accepts ○ Reactive with other compounds
    protons in a solution ○ Affects the stoichiometry
    ● Lewis ● Sulfric Acid (x)
    ○ Acid: A substance that is an ○ Not commonly used as a titrant
    electron pair acceptor in a solution ○ Precipitates
    ○ Base: A substance that is an ● Acetic Acid (x)
    electron pair donor in a solution ○ Standard solution according to
    USP
    Strong and Weak Electrolytes ○ Not a strong acid
    ● NaOH and KOH
    ● Weak Electrolytes ○ Best solubility
    ○ Weak electricity conductors ○ Alkalimetric assays, ensure the
    ○ Insoluble compounds solubility of salts formed
    ○ Does not ionize completely in water
    ○ Weak acids and weak bases ● Standardization of Acids
    ● Strong Electrolytes ○ Sodium carbonate (105.99 g/mol)
    ○ Good electricity conductor ■ Prepared by heating
    ○ Soluble compounds NaHCO3 at 270-300℃ at 1
    ○ Ionizes completely in water hour
    ○ Strong acids, strong bases, and ● Drives of excess
    salts water - Na2CO3
    ■ 8 pH > 3.8 pH > alkaline pH
    Titrants and Standards ■ Direct titration - adding
    equivalent amount directly
    into solution
    ACID ALKALI
    ■ Residual titration - add
    HCl NaOH excess amount of acids,
    boil, and back titrate excess
    HClO4 KOH acid
    H2SO4 ○ THAM Tromethamine/TRIS
    (121.14 g/mol)
    ■ High molecular weight
    ● HCl decreases indeterminate
    ○ Stability error in weighing
    ○ Volatile ■ Stable and highly soluble
    ○ When diluted increases boiling ■ Preferred standard by the
    point = lower volatility USP
    ■ Factor is 2
    ○ Sodium tetraborate decahydrate /
    Borax (381.40 g/mol)
    ■ Efflorescence in warm, dry
    air
    ● Loses its water of
    crystallization
    ■ Contains other impurities
    due to mining
    ■ Factor is 2

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