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Nox Receiver PDF
Nox Receiver PDF
in combustion processes
NOx = NO + NO2
(expressed in NO2)
ppm → mg/m3
NO [mg/m3] = 1.3387 NO [ppm]
NOx [mg/m3] = 2.0525 NOx [ppm]
Thermal
Prompt
Fuel
O + N2 → NO + N, (4)
the N atoms „liberated” in this reaction quickly react with O2
N + O2 → NO + O (5)
also giving NO.
50000 1,0E+05
30000 1,0E+01
Equilibrium concentration of
20000 1,0E-01 NO, [NO]r, and time to reach
0,5[NO]r versus the temperature
10000 1,0E-03
0 1,0E-05
1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
T, K
It shows that the Zeldovich mechanism becomes important when the temperature reaches the
range of 1600-1800 K. COMBUSTION AND FUELS
PROMPT NITRIC OXIDE
MECHANISM
CH2 + N2 → HCN + NH
CH + N2 → HCN + N
C + N2 → CN + N
general
CHx + N2 → HCN and other radicals (CN, NH, N...)
Gas 85 15 – – –
47 11,57 2263
NF in different coals:
Bituminous coal: 0.6 - 2.8% N (85% C)
Anthracite <1% N
Lignite: 0.6 - 2% N.
Coal
particle
Products: Conversion of v.m. into Gasification of char, releasing of: CO, CO2,
HCN, NH3, tar, CO, CO2, H2O, N2, N2, N2O, NO etc.; reduction of NO on the
aromatic compounds N2O, NO etc. surface and in the pores of char
OH, O, O2
nitrogen in fuel HCN NO
2
N paliwowy
nitrogen in
char residue N koks.
O2
N poz. koks. NO
nitrogen in
char residue
T < 800 °C
NO2 undergoes destruction on tat higher temperatures:
T > 1200 °C
NO + HO2 → NO2 + OH
(where from HO2: H + O2 + M → HO2 + M)
T < 1000 K
NO + RO2 → NO2 + RO
(where from RO2: R + O2 + M → ROO + M)
NO + O + M → NO2 +M
NO2 also is generated, but the contribution of this
reaction is not important.
The temperature range: T < 800 K.
[NO2]/[NOx]∗100% ≈ 5%
More important contribution to the total production of
NOx NO2 introduces during combustion in gas turbines:
[NO2]/[NOx]∗100% ≈ 10-15%
COMBUSTION AND FUELS
NITROUS OXIDE (N2O)
FORMATION IN FLAMES
NH + NO → N2O + H
NH – amine radical
O + N 2 + M → N 2O + M
The temperature range of the chemical reaction:
T < 1500 °C
1. char
2. Limestone
N2O + O → NO + NO
fuel nitrogen NF
flame temperature
air excess (λ)
residence time in flame
lN O
tota
O
m al N
the
r
Bituminous coal (Tpł = 1650 °C)
volatile matter NO
Power NOx
Furnace type Coal type
MWe mg/m3
300-700 mg/m3
(mainly fuel NOx).
Fuel nitrogen NF is a dominating factor.
180-220 mg/m3
(mainly thermal NOx).
COMBUSTION AND FUELS
GAS FLAMES
No fuel nitrogen NF in gas.
Industrial gas burners (flames).