The chances and frequency of stress-related illnesses among men and women differ, but in some

studies men do have higher chances of having neurodevelopment disorders such as ADHD or autism.
Sex hormones and its interactions with stress hormones have also widely contributed to stress-
related disorders. (Hillerer, Slattery, & Pletzer, 2019). Stress has an increasing occurrence throughout
the years. Although it helps us deal with challenges to achieve our goals, it can also cause long term
effects that affect a person, like being aggressive as well as being impulsive. As being activated by
expectations, or prospects we want to achieve and accomplish, it can be said that society and stress
can be interrelated. The lack of empathy towards others, reduced response to stress, or having
unemotional traits in general can induce a person's stress reactivity. It is observed that men tend to
have problems with social evaluation vulnerability thus making them more stressed. (Tollennar &
Overgaauw, 2020) In a study by Goldfarb, Seo and Sinha (2019), men have high and increasing
responses to stress in their left hippocampus and is associated worse stress regulation and higher
stress reactivity in comparison to women. Women also undergo specific forms of depression-related
illness, including premenstrual dysphoric disorder, postpartum depression and postmenopausal
depression and anxiety, that are related with changes in ovarian hormones and could promote to the
increased prevalence in women (Albert, 2015). For instance, women encounter more symptoms
which are critical, along with experiencing more subjective distress (Puralewski et al., 2016). Women
are twice as likely to be diagnosed with MDD and often account to higher frequency of symptoms and
intensified symptom severity (Paden et al., 2020).