ECE1008 – ELECTRONICS HARDWARE TROUBLESHOOTING

TASK-3

Name: Kartik Vashist

Reg. No.: 18BEC0748
Slot: L39-L40
Faculty: Prof. Raja Sellappan
TASK:
(a) The task requires only diodes, resistors, DC and AC power supplies, function generator only. A
12V AC sinusoidal input is given to a circuit consisting of combination of the above mentioned
components.
(a)Produce a maximum of 6V in the positive side while retaining a negative side intact.
(b)Produce a maximum of 14 V in the positive side and 16V in the negative side.
(c)Use only a silicon diode and a 15V DC power supply connected across the input and measure
the output waveform across the combination of the diode and DC power supply.
(d)Use only a diode, a dc power supply and an appropriate resistor, produce an output of (i) 0 V
(ii) 12V in the negative side. In both cases, same quantity and type of diode, same quantity and
value of resistor and power supply should be used.

(b) Demonstrate using LT Spice, diode based voltage multiplier circuits. No transistors, IC or OP
AMP should be used.

THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE:
A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts current primarily in one direction
(asymmetric conductance); it has low (ideally zero) resistance in one direction, and high (ideally infinite)
resistance in the other. A diode vacuum tube or thermionic diode is a vacuum tube with two electrodes,
a heated cathode and a plate, in which electrons can flow in only one direction, from cathode to plate. A
semiconductor diode, the most commonly used type today, is a crystalline piece of semiconductor
material with a p–n junction connected to two electrical terminals.

In electronics, a clipper is a circuit designed to prevent a signal from exceeding a predetermined

reference voltage level. A clipper does not distort the remaining part of the applied waveform. Clipping
circuits are used to select, for purposes of transmission, that part of a signal waveform which lies above
or below the predetermined reference voltage level. Clipping may be achieved either at one level or
two levels. A clipper circuit can remove certain portions of an arbitrary waveform near the positive or
negative peaks or both. Clipping changes the shape of the waveform and alters its spectral components.
A clipping circuit consists of linear elements like resistors and non-linear elements like diodes or
transistors, but it does not contain energy-storage elements like capacitors. Clipping circuits are also
called slicers or amplitude selectors.

A voltage multiplier is an electrical circuit that converts AC electrical power from a lower voltage to a
higher DC voltage, typically using a network of capacitors and diodes.
Voltage multipliers can be used to generate a few volts for electronic appliances, to millions of volts for
purposes such as high-energy physics experiments and lightning safety testing. The most common type
of voltage multiplier is the half-wave series multiplier, also called the Villard cascade (but actually
invented by Heinrich Greinacher).
Different Types of Diodes

Clipper Circuit

Voltage Multiplier Circuit

SIMULATION:

TASK 3-(a)

(a)

Circuit:

Output:
As we can see, we get an output of positive voltage of 6V, and also a negative voltage of -12V, so the
condition has been fulfilled.

(b)

Circuit:

Output:
As we can see, we obtained a voltage of 14.08V (14V approx.) on the positive side.

As we can see, we obtained a voltage of -16.12V (-16V approx.) on the negative side.
(c)

Circuit:

Output:
As we can see, we have given an input of 15V DC supply, and obtained a DC output of 14.21667V as a
result.

(d)

Circuits:
Input Voltage for both (i) and (ii):

As we can see, the input voltage in both the circuits is -12V.

Output of circuit (i):

As we can see, we have obtained an output voltage of 0V.

Output of circuit (ii):

As we can see, we have obtained an output voltage of -12V.

TASK 3-(b)
Circuit:
Output:

As we can see, in the above output, first we gave an input of 150V, which was then doubled to give an
output of 300V. Thus, we can see that we have successfully simulated a circuit of a voltage multiplier
using diodes and capacitors, which doubles the voltage that is given to it.

RESULT:
Both the parts of the task have been completed successfully by simulating the circuits and obtaining the
output using LTSpice in order to get the desired results.