Cartoon Body Formulas

Posted by Luis Escobar

June 7, 2017

Cartoon Body Formulas

I spent a lot of time on cartoon heads. There's a lot to know about

drawing heads. There's just as much to know about drawing the body.
By "body", I mean the torso and hips.

Cartoon bodies can be simplified so that you don't need to go as deep

as you would with the head although, for best results, it's good know
how to draw a more realistic anatomically correct body.

In this lesson I'll show you some simple body formulas you can use,
and how some of those formulas can be modified to draw some
slightly more naturalistic looking body shapes. We'll go over:

Super Simple Cartoon Body Shapes

 The Bean and The Bullet
The Chest Area
The Underwear Hip Shape
Modifying the Formula
Freddy Moore Body Types
Bruce Timm Body Types
Anime Body Types.

Super Simple Cartoon Body Shapes

When it comes to cartoon body shapes, anything goes. Start with

basic shapes: Squares, Circles, Triangles. Pull them, push them, make
them interesting:

Stick heads arms and legs off of them, and you've got a cartoon body.
It's really dead simple. If you want it too look more solid, add solidity.
Give it form.:
Make it up, you're the cartoonist, you make the rules.

If however, you want someone else's cartoon body type formulas, then
read on.

The Bean and The Bullet

By far, the most commonly used cartoon body shape is "The

Bean." Another helpful shape that I personally like to use is a
modification of "The Bean," I'll call, "The Bullet." It's a shape I learned
from my favorite Figure Drawing teacher, Steve Huston. So let me
explain these shapes.

The Bean is exactly what it sounds like. It looks like a bean. It's made
up of two spheres. One on top, one on the bottom, separated by a
small space, connected by lines on the side. What you end up with is
a modified cylinder of sorts. When it bends, it looks like a bean. This
shape is meant to represent the torso and hip area together.
The usefulness of The Bean comes from it's flexibility. It can be bent,
stretched and twisted easily. It can also be modified to create many
different types of torso shapes. It's a fairly standard shape for most
traditional, western, animated cartoon characters, from Mickey Mouse
and his gang to the Looney Tunes characters.

And once you get used to the simple Bean made of two spheres, you
can change those shapes to cubes, cones, cylinders and wedges to
make even more varied body shapes:

The Bullet is similar to the The Bean. However, it's just a tad more
complicated. It's made up of two shapes, a bullet shaped cylinder
facing down, inserted into a soft cornered box hip area. The idea is
that the bottom round bullet part of the upper shape immediately
creates the shape of the abdominal muscles adding an anatomical feel
to your drawing from the start.
If The Bullet is difficult to grasp, you can first start with The Bean and
once you have it the way you want, you can convert it to The Bullet
after, as you will see in a moment.

This shape is best used when drawing more naturalistic, anatomical

cartoon characters such as anime or action adventure characters. But
it can also be use to supplement a modified Bean shape to add more
naturalism to an exaggerated cartoon shape:

When drawing either The Bean or The Bullet from the side view, don't
forget to make sure to the natural rhythms for the body to get a
naturalistic convincing look to your characters.
The Chest Area

If you're going to add a bit of convincing naturalism to your cartoons,

whether it's to add some pecks or breasts, you'll want to have a simple
chest formula to work with.

Here's how I approach the male chest area:

1. After deciding where to put the center of my torso, I find the area
where I think the shoulders will be. I do this by drawing a shoulder
line near the top of the bullet shape. I put a dot for the pit of the
neck where the center line and the shoulder line connect. I also
add two line on the right and left of the pit of the neck for the
neck.
2. I decide where I want the bottom of the pecks and draw a line
wrapping around the form there. This is different for every
character. I also add arm tubes that connect to the shoulder line.
3. I then connect the bottom corner of the pecks to the shoulders
and end up with a shape like this. This is NOT anatomically
accurate but it's a helpful guideline that can be adjusted with the
particulars of each character.
4. Now here's where it get interesting. Starting near the bottom of
center of the pecks draw a rhythm line the travels up the center
and turns before it gets to the pit of the neck. This line travel over
 to rhythmically create the shoulders. This connects the chest
area with the shoulder creating a unified shoulder girdle. Once
that's done, you can add two concave lines from the neck to the
shoulders to create the shoulder muscles. If the male is very
muscular, these line would be drawn convex.
5. And that's it. I have a male chest lay in. This is enough of an
under drawing to start.

But what if you want to draw a female chest area? Well, it's pretty
much the same thing with some slight adjustments:

1. You start exactly like the male chest, with a shoulder line, pit of
the neck and neck.
2. Then you draw the arms and the bottom of the pecks. Yes,
women have pecks. Surprise!
3. Connect the pecks to the shoulders as with the male.
 4. Here's where thing change up a bit. To add bosoms simply draw
two slanted egg shape on the corner of each peck. This slant
varies depending on the type of bosom. Like men's chests, not all
women have the same type of bosom.
5. Now create a rhythm line connecting both bosoms to each other
and to the shoulders to make them feel as if this whole area part
of one unit. Once that's done you draw the concave lines of the
shoulder muscles.
6. And you're done. You now have a female chest area lay in to draw
over.

That and variations of that, is all there is to it.

The Underwear Hip Shape

Whether your hip area is more box like or cube like, once you're ready
to define it more, you can turn into, what I call, "the underwear" shape.
It reminds me of men's briefs.

This shape is not unique to me. I got this from The Famous Artist
School book on The Figure as well as Walt Reeds book on The Figure.
I found this hip shape comes just as handy for cartoons as it does for
naturalistic figures.

Here's what it looks like:

It closely resembles a bowl with two holes cut out on the bottom.

It can be placed on any shape. Like this:

The reason is to better define where the legs will be inserted into the
area. I'll show you how this helps once I start writing about the legs.

The Formulas In Action

Once you have these elements down, you can start modifying them to
create all kinds of different body types and styles. You can make
animals, different types of men, different types of women. It's up to
you and your experimentation.

Let's see how these formulas work using some popular cartoon
styles...

Freddy Moore Style Bodies

The Bean is pretty much the foundation to most of the Freddy Moore
style. It's very easy to see in Looney Tune type characters and Mickey
Mouse type. But you can also see a more advance, more naturalistic
version of the style in Disney animated features.

Below is a Looney Tunes type body. I didn't add chest or bellybutton

details because this body can be used to make bunnies, cats, dogs,
mice...etc, as well as people:

1. It's simply made of two balls, top one about half as big as the
bottom.
2. Which you then connect together. Adding some form and
direction.
3. And you have the body type.

This is not "the only" Looney Tunes body type but it's a very common
one.
If, however, you're going to for a more Disney princess type, here is a
simple archetypal body formula for that:

1. Again, two balls. This time, the top ball more egg shaped and only
slighting smaller than the bottom one.
2. Except this time you join them with two "c" curves that bend
inward creating an hour glass shape. Adding direction, pecks and
a small ball on the chest to define the bosom. Usually the
bosoms aren't big. Don't forget to add the underwear hip area.
3. And that's it. The final body type is usually very simple without a
lot of anatomical detail.

Remember, this is a body formula not an absolute. The final result can
vary greatly depending on your needs.

Male bodies that are in this more Disney type look, differ far more. so
there isn't just one body formula that you can adjust from. However,
the body type below should be helpful. Below is just one:

1. This one top ball is much bigger than the bottom.

2. Again, connect the balls flattening out the shoulders. Make sure
to define the forms and direction plus add pecks and hips.
3. And that's it, you've got a dude.

Now let's see the bullet in action using a more action adventure style...

Bruce Timm Style Bodies

Similar to the Freddy Moore Style except I found that using The Bullet
works best for these as a foundation. The construction would look
something like this:

1. First start off with a regular Bullet shape. Making sure the hip
shape flares out.
2. Then add the "underwear" shape, chest rhythms and the shape of
the Latissimus Dorsi (Lats). Which gives the torso the
exaggerated hour glass shape. Notice the triangle shape created
 to the shoulders is much wider than the hips
3. And you're done. Simply draw the final details, leaving out most
of the construction.

The male has a similar process:

1. Start with the bullet, only don't flare out the hips. They should
just go straight down.
2. Add the chest rhythms, shoulder girdle, and large modified ellipse
for the Lats.
3. For the final line, just leave some of the details, shown below and
you're done.

Just a reminder, this isn't THE way it's on ONE way to draw in this
style.

If you want to get even more naturalistic, like with an anime style, you
can. Let me show you...
Takahiro Kimura Anime Style Bodies

The most naturalistic version of the formula comes in play in this

anime style. There's far less exaggeration here. The Bullet comes into
it's own when drawing in this style. Let's begin with a female torso:

1. Again, you start bullet shape with the hips flared out.
2. As with the Bruce Timm style above, you add the chest rhythms
and hip shapes. BUT you don't add the exaggerated Lats. This
style is a bit more natural. Also, this style often has slightly larger
bosoms. Notice the shoulder and hips, unlike the Bruce Timm
style above, are almost the same width.
3. Once that's all done, you pretty much get rid of most of the
construction and add the top line of the Clavicle.

The male is the same with a bit more anatomy showing:

1. Start with a bullet. You may add a tad bit of flare at the hips if you
want.
2. Add the chest Rhythms, hip shape, and Lats. As large or as light
as the type of male you want.
3. Once that's done, you'll need a bit of anatomy knowledge to put in
all the right lines in the right place. These cartoon type
characters tend to be much more naturalistic.
And that's how you use The Bean and The Bullet to draw three
different cartoon body types. As you can see, the formula is very
versatile.

Cartoon Body Turn Arounds

As I've done before, Here's a body turn around of all three styles.
Beginning with...

Freddy Moore Torso Turn Around

Male:

Female:
Bruce Timm Style Torso Turn Around

Male:

Female:

Takahiro Kimura Anime Style Torso Turn Around

Male:

Female:
And that's that. You should be able to draw any type of cartoon body
you want with the info I've given to you. Remember, the more you
know real anatomy, the better your final drawings will be.