Romania

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For other uses, see Romania (disambiguation).
Coordinates:  46°N 25°E

Romania

România  (Romanian)

Flag

Coat of arms

Anthem: "Deșteaptă-te, române!"
(English: "Awaken thee, Romanian!")

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 Show globe Show map of Europe Show all
Location of Romania (dark green)
– in Europe (green & dark grey)
– in the European Union (green)  –  [Legend]

Capital Bucharest
and largest city 44°25′N 26°06′E

Official languages Romanian[1]

Recognised minority
See here[show]
languages[2]

Ethnic groups  88.92% Romanians
(2011) [3]
6.50% Hungarians
3.29% Romani
1.29% Other

Religion  86.45% Romanian Orthodoxy

(2011) [4]
7.15% Protestantism
5.41% Catholicism
0.78% Other
0.21% Irreligion/Atheism

Demonym(s) Romanian

Government Unitary semi-presidential
republic

• President Klaus Iohannis

• Prime Minister Ludovic Orban

Legislature Parliament

• Upper house Senate

• Lower house Chamber of Deputies
 Establishment history
• First Romanian polities c. 895 / 1247a
• Principality of Wallachia 1330
• Principality of Moldavia c. 1360
• Principality of Transylvania 1570
• First common 1600
rule under Michael the Brave
• United Principalitiesb 24 January 1859
• Independence from 9 May 1877 / 1878c
the Ottoman Empire
• Kingdom of Romania 14 March 1881
• Greater Romania d
1918 / 1920e
• Current state form 29 December 1989

Area
• Total 238,397 km2 (92,046 sq mi) (81st)
• Water (%) 3

Population
• 01.01.2020 estimate  19,317,984[5] (61st)

• 2011 census 20,121,641[3]
• Density 84.4/km2 (218.6/sq mi) (117th)

GDP (PPP) 2020 estimate
• Total  $525.051 billion[6] (40th)

• Per capita  $29,555[6] (54th)

GDP (nominal) 2020 estimate
• Total  $261.868 billion[6] (45th)

• Per capita  $13,414[6] (57th)

Gini (2019)  34.8[7]
medium

HDI (2018)  0.816[8]
very high · 52nd

Currency Romanian leu (RON)

Time zone UTC+2 (EET)

• Summer (DST) UTC+3 (EEST)

Date format dd.mm.yyyy (AD)

 Driving side right

Calling code +40

ISO 3166 code RO

Internet TLD .rof

a. A Vlach duke ruling Transylvania around 895, Gelou, is

mentioned alongside Glad and Menumorut in the late
12th century Gesta Hungarorum (the reliability of which is
debated); a 1247 royal charter, known as the Diploma of the
Joannites, mentions four Romanian keneziates (or polities)
in Muntenia and Oltenia.

b. The double election of Alexandru Ioan

Cuza in Moldavia and Wallachia (respectively, 5 and 24 January
1859).

c. Independence proclaimed on 9 May 1877, internationally

recognised in 1878.

d. Romania in the interwar period, following

the proclamation of the union in 1918
including Bessarabia, Bukovina, Transylvania, parts
of Banat, Crișana and Maramureș, established after the Paris
Peace Conference closing World War I in 1920.

e. Monarchy was abolished on 30 December 1947 upon the

proclamation of the People's Republic and was changed with
the new constitution upon its adoption on 21 August 1965 as the
Socialist Republic. The Communist regime fell on 22 December
1989, the new democratic government was installed on 20 May
1990 and the new post-communist constitution was adopted on
21 November 1991. Romania joined the European Union on
1 January 2007.

f. Also .eu, shared with other European Union member

states.

Romania (/roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen) ro-MAY-nee-ə; Romanian: România [romɨˈni.a] ( listen)) is

a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. It
shares land borders with Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the
west, Serbia to the southwest, and Moldova to the east and has its opening to the Black
Sea.[9] It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate. With a total area of 238,397
square kilometres (92,046 square miles), Romania is the twelfth-largest country in
Europe and the seventh-most populous member state of the European Union, having
approximately 20 million inhabitants. Its capital and largest city is Bucharest. Other
major urban areas include: Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, Iași, Constanța, Craiova, Brașov,
and Galați.
The River Danube, Europe's second-longest river, rises in Germany's Black Forest and
flows in a generally southeasterly direction for 2,857 km (1,775 mi), coursing through
ten countries before emptying into Romania's Danube Delta. The Carpathian
Mountains, which cross Romania from the north to the southwest, include Moldoveanu
Peak, at an altitude of 2,544 m (8,346 ft).[10]
Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian
Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. The new state, officially named Romania since
1866, gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877.[11] Following the outbreak
of World War I, after declaring its neutrality in 1914, Romania fought on the side of
the Allied Powers beginning in 1916. Afterwards Bukovina, Bessarabia, Transylvania as
well as parts of Banat, Crișana, and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom
of Romania.[12] In June–August 1940, as a consequence of the Molotov–Ribbentrop
Pact and Second Vienna Award, Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and
Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union, and Northern Transylvania to Hungary. In
November 1940, Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and, consequently, in June 1941
entered World War II on the Axis side, fighting against the Soviet Union until
August 1944, when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania. Following
the war, under the occupation of the Red Army's forces, Romania became a socialist
republic and a member of the Warsaw Pact. After the 1989 Revolution, Romania began
a transition towards democracy and a market economy.
Romania ranks 52nd in the Human Development Index,[13] and is a developing country[14]
[15]
 with a high-income economy.[16] It has the world's 45th largest economy by nominal
GDP, with an annual economic growth rate of 3.5% as of 2020. [17] Following rapid
economic growth in the early 2000s, Romania has an economy based predominantly on
services and is a producer and net exporter of machines and electric energy, featuring
companies like Automobile Dacia and OMV Petrom. It has been a member of the United
Nations since 1955, part of NATO since 2004, and part of the European Union since
2007. An overwhelming majority of the population identifies as
ethnic Romanian and Eastern Orthodox Christian and are native speakers of Romanian,
a Romance language.