BACHELOR OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT WITH HONOURS

JANUARY 2020

MPU 3313

HEALTH AND WELLNESS

NO MATRIKULASI : 970528075236001

NO KAD PENGENALAN : 970528075236

NO TELEFON : 0164737774

EMAIL ID : Karrthini28@oum.edu.my

PUSAT PEMBELAJARAN : Sungai Petani Learning Centre

 Task 1

A well-balanced diet and exercise is very important to take care of a healthy body of the
individuals, families and communities. A healthy diet may help to forestall certain long-
term (chronic) diseases like cardiopathy, stroke and diabetes. It should also help to scale
back your risk of developing some cancers and facilitate your to stay a healthy weight.
This leaflet explains the principles of a healthy diet. It's general advice for
many people. The recommendation could also be different sure as shooting groups of
individuals, including pregnant women, people with certain health problems or those with
special dietary requirements. As a general rule, vegetables, fruits and starchy foods should
provide the majority of most of your meals. The remaining a part of your diet should be
made up from milk and dairy foods and protein foods. As mentioned above, you ought
to limit the quantity of foods and drinks that are high in fat or sugar. Your body needs
energy to figure normally and keep you alive. You obtain this energy from nutrients within
the food that you just eat - mostly, carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Minerals and vitamins
are other nutrients that also are important in your diet to assist your body stay
healthy. It's important to seek out the correct balance between these different nutrients to
attain maximum health body. A diet generally contains food from each of the
subsequent food groups like foods examples bread, rice, potatoes, pasta, fruit and
vegetables, Milk and dairy foods, Protein foods. These include meat, fish, eggs and other
non-dairy sources of protein (including nuts, tofu and bean).
 Essential nutrients are defined as chemical substances found in food that can't be
synthesized in the slightest degree or only in insufficient amounts by the
body, which are necessary for all times, growth, and tissue repair (see Nutritional
Deficiency and Imbalances). They belong to different groups of macronutrients and
micronutrients. Water is that the most significant nutrient for survival. Of the 20
amino acids found in protein, 8 need to be provided preformed within the diet of
adults and are thus identified as being indispensable or essential. The fatty acids
linoleic and linolenic acids are the second group of essential macronutrients.
Furthermore, the bod depends on the dietary intake of 13 vitamins and a range of
inorganic minerals like calcium, magnesium, iron, iodine, and zinc. There are
additional groups of food components like dietary fibers and phytochemicals,
which don't seem to be yet considered to be essential but which are important for
maintenance of health, and possibly also for reducing the danger of chronic disease. A
healthy diet means various things to different people. In children’s nutrition, an
adequate diet aims to push healthy growth and development. In adult nutrition, it
focuses on attaining or maintaining optimal health and preventing chronic
degenerative diseases of complex causation (see Nutrition and Human Life Stages).
Generally, proper food provides adequate energy, builds new tissue, repairs worn-out
tissue, and keeps the body working well. Although the wants of individuals are rather
similar worldwide, the individual lifestyle determines which diet is adequate. In
societies where physical labor continues to be common, the range of foods of plant
and animal origin that covers the energy need, as indicated by weight, will almost
inevitably constitute an adequate diet. This is often particularly true if the
food isn't excessively processed. In highly industrialized societies where foods are
usually highly processed, a nutrient-dense diet with limited energy content is taken
into account adequate. Generally, a diet contains adequate proportions of
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, together with the recommended daily allowances of
all essential vitamins, minerals, and health-promoting substances. It's recommended
that complex carbohydrates of a minimum of 50% of the diet compose the key a part
of energy intake; 25% to 30% of energy should be derived from fat, and 10% to
fifteen from protein. Energy needs and nutrient requirements, however, vary
widely. They're a function of sex, age, weight, and activity level and health status.
Principally, chemical forms the idea of adequate diets. Carbohydrate-rich
foods like cereals should be supplemented with foods particularly rich in vitamins A
and C, minerals, and protein like vegetables, fruits, and legumes. Foods of animal
origin, particularly meat and fish don't seem to be essential for an adequate diet,
but they're a useful complement to most diets. Societies that have adopted vegetarian
diets don't show evidence of malnutrition when the availability of total food is
adequate. They rather have a lower risk of nutrition-related diseases like obesity,
diabetes, hypertension, certain cancers and coronary cardiopathy. Additionally, a
sufficient fluid intake is very important to an adequate diet. Breastmilk is that
the most adequate diet for kids up to 6 months old. A serious problem all
 told societies is that the consumption of a run of the mill diet. A chronic consumption
of an inadequate diet is probably going to steer to malnutrition, over nutrition or under
nutrition, and degenerative diseases (see Malnutrition: Hunger and Satiety, Obesity
and Anorexia).

As you compromise into a full of life lifestyle, you’ll probably discover which

foods provide you with the foremost energy and which have negative effects.
The key's learning to concentrate to your body and balancing what feels right with what’s
good for you. The correct balance of carbohydrates, protein, and other nutrients can help
fuel your exercise routine. Detain mind that the length and intensity of your activity will
determine how often and what you must eat and drink. As an example, you'll have more
energy from food to run a marathon than to steer some miles. And take a look at to
not include any new products in your diet before a long-duration sports event. It is best to
own previous experience to determine how your system handles the food. When
it involves eating and exercise, most are different. So listen to how you are feeling during
your workout and to your overall performance. Let your experience guide you on which
pre- and post-exercise eating habits work best for you. Consider keeping a journal to
observe how your body reacts to meals and snacks so you'll be able to adjust your diet for
optimal performance.
Scenario 1

Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are common diseases that coexist at a greater
frequency than chance alone would predict. Hypertension within the diabetic
individual markedly increases the chance and accelerates the course of cardiac
disease, peripheral vascular disease, stroke, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Our
understanding of the factors that markedly increase the frequency of
hypertension within the diabetic individual remains incomplete. Diabetic nephropathy
is a crucial factor involved within the development of hypertension in diabetics,
particularly type I patients. However, the etiology of hypertension within the majority
of diabetic patients can't be explained by underlying renal disease and remains
"essential" in nature. The hallmark of hypertension in type I and sort II diabetics
appears to be increased peripheral vascular resistance. Increased exchangeable
sodium can also play a job within the pathogenesis of vital sign in
diabetics. There's increasing evidence that insulin resistance/ hyperinsulinemia may
play a key role within the pathogenesis of hypertension in both subtle and overt
abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism. Population studies suggest that elevated
insulin levels, which frequently occurs in type II diabetes, is an independent risk
factor for upset. Other cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic individuals include
abnormalities of lipid metabolism, platelet function, and clotting factors. The goal of
antihypertensive therapy within the patient with coexistent diabetes is to cut back the
inordinate cardiovascular risk also as lowering vital sign.
Daily Diet Menu For A client With DM

BED TIME TEA / COFFEE- 1 CUP

Breakfast Cornflakes with milk

10 am tea or coffee - 1cup

chapaties-2 ,rice 1 medium bowl, oil for cooking - 1 1/2 tea

Lunch
spoon

4pm Light tea without sugar, salted biscuits

Dinner chapaties - 2 salad, vegetables

Bed Time skim milk

Total Approximate
1500
calories

Sample Menu For Cardiovascular Diseases

Meal Food

Early Morning Lemon water - 1 glass

Milk (skimmed)- 1 cup, missi roti -1, curd-1/2 katori or boiled

Breakfast
egg-1-2 and bread 1-2 slice

Mid Morning fresh fruit -1

Lunch salad, chapati 1-3, rice - 60g, vegetables -250g, curd, 1 cup

Evening Tea tea, sprouted mong or black channa-30g, biscuits 3-4

vegetable soup,chapati-2 dal chicken or fish -100g Whole

Dinner
day's cooking oil-20g
Nutrition For Cardiovascular Diseases

 Dietary management

 Objectives

 To realives strain to the heart

 To prevent further damage to the heart

 To restore the damage heart

 Food recommended

 Skim milk, paneer from skim milk

 Cereals and pulses

 Whole grain

 All vegetables and all fruits

 High fiber and soluble fiber like oat meal ,pectin and gums

 Lean meat, egg white and fish

 Vegetables oils. Sugar and jaggery

 Food to be avoided

 Cholestrol rich food

 Whole cream, butter, cream cheese

 Indian sweet meal like pudings, bakery products

 Organ meat

 Egg yolk, fish

 Nuts, oil seeds, pickles

 Fried food

 Alcohol
 Regular low cholestrol and low fat and high fiber diet:

 Energy - 1600 k cal

 Fat -40g

 Protein -65g

A therapeutic diet could be a plan that controls the intake of certain foods or

nutrients. It's a part of the treatment of a medical condition and are normally prescribed
by a physician and planned by a dietician. A therapeutic diet is usually a modification
of a daily diet. In therapeutics diets, modifications are wiped out nutrients, texture and
food allergies or food intolerances. Therapeutic diets are formulated by doctors or
dietitians. Some samples of common therapeutic diets are diet, clear liquid diets, full
liquid diets, no concentrated sweet diet, diet, renal diet, low fat diet, high fibre diet, no
added salts diet etc. diet is one among the foremost common therapeutic diets which
involve limiting high sugar foods to assist blood glucose levels. A therapeutic diet
of someone may change over time supported the person’s response and enhancements in
health condition. Reckoning on someone health condition, the therapeutic diet is
also temporary or sometimes the therapeutic diet becomes the permanent change to
steer a healthy life.
Task 2

Hypertension and diabetes are both aspects of metabolic syndrome, a condition that

includes obesity and upset. Both hypertension and diabetes may have some basic
causes in common, and that they share some risk factors. They also contribute to a
worsening of every others symptoms. The ways of managing both conditions also
overlap. Lifestyle adjustment is can help to manage the pressure and glucose level and
its really helpful for the danger and cause will happened. Most of the people and
patients failed to follow the treatment plan because of laziness or most of the patients
are old ages. We must always advice them to follow the life-style plan for his or
her futures. Someone with diabetes either doesn't have enough insulin to process
glucose or their insulin doesn't work effectively. Insulin is that the hormone that
permits the body to process glucose from food and use it as energy. As a results
of insulin problems, glucose cannot enter the cells to supply energy, and it
accumulates within the bloodstream instead. As blood with high glucose levels travels
through the body, it can cause widespread damage, including to the blood vessels and
kidneys. These organs play a key role in maintaining healthy pressure. If they
experience damage, pressure can rise, increasing the danger of further harm and
complications. Hypertension and diabetes also share similar risk factors. These
include:

 having excess weight and body fat

 following an unhealthful diet
 having an inactive lifestyle
 stress and poor sleep habits
 smoking tobacco
 older age
 having low levels of vitamin D
 heart attack or stroke
 decreased kidney function, progressing to dialysis
 problems with the blood vessels in the eyes, leading to vision loss
 peripheral vascular disease
 A person with early-stage hypertension encompasses a risk of developing
hypertension within the future. Lifestyle habits can help control force per unit area and
stop hypertension and its complications. These lifestyle influence are exercise, a healthful
diet, weight control, an honest medication. People with diabetes can help decrease the
danger of high force per unit area and disorder by controlling their glucose levels.
Lifestyle factors are crucial for managing both blood sugar and force per unit area. Firstly
A healthy weight for people with excess weight, losing even a touch can help reduce the
danger of both high force per unit area and diabetes. For people with excess weight, the
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) means that if an individual loses 3–
5% of their weight, it can improve their force per unit area readings. Similarly, the Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) note that losing 5–7% of body weight can help
stop prediabetes from becoming diabetes. That might be a loss of 10–14 pounds for an
individual who weighs 200 pounds. Moreover activity. Regular activity can lower force
per unit area and help control glucose, and it offers many other health benefits.
Current guidelines encourage everyone to try to a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate
intensity cardiopulmonary exercise hebdomadally, or 75 minutes of vigorous intensity
exercise. Moderate exercise includes walking and swimming. Those who haven't been
active for a long time should speak to their doctor for advice on a wise exercise plan.
Furthermore, healthful dietary choices people with diabetes and hypertension should check
with their doctor a couple of dietary plan. This will usually eating lots of fresh fruits and
vegetable, that specialize in high-fiber foods, including whole grains, limiting the
number of added salt and sugar, avoiding or limiting unhealthful fats, like trans fats and
animal fats. Limiting alcohol consumption one drink would be one 12-ounce beer, one 5-
ounce glass of wine, or one 1.5-ounce serving of spirits, like whiskey, gin, or vodka.
Mixers also can add carbohydrates and calories. Soda water may be a more healthful
option than sweetened soda. An individual might need to talk to their doctor about what
quantity alcohol is safe for them to consume. Not smoking. There is evidence that tobacco
smoking can increase the danger of both high force per unit area and diabetes. Smokers
with diabetes have a higher risk of serious complications, including heart or uropathy,
retinopathy, a watch disease that will result in blindness, poor blood flow, making
infection and therefore the risk of amputation more likely within the legs and feet,
peripheral neuropathy, which may cause nerve pain within the arms and legs. An
individual who has or is in danger of diabetes, high force per unit area, or both can speak
to their doctor about how to quit smoking.
 Hypertension and diabetes often occur together, and that they appear to share some
risk factors and causes. Lifestyle adjustments can help control force per unit
area and glucose levels, but the majority will have to follow a treatment plan always.
A doctor will prepare a treatment plan with the individual, who must stay in
contact with their healthcare team and sign in with a healthcare professional if they
believe they have to regulate their treatment. Healthy diets may contribute to an
adequate weight. Healthy eating may be a good opportunity to counterpoint life by
experimenting with different foods from different cultures, origins and with other
ways to organize food. The advantages of eating a large style of foods also
are emotional, as variety and colour are important ingredients of a balance diet.
References

https://www.healthline.com/health/fitness-exercise-eating-healthy#takeaway

https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/exercise/art-20045506

https://www.google.com/search?
q=therapeutic+diet+plan&source=lmns&rlz=1C1CHBD_enMY824MY824&hl=en&v
ed=2ahUKEwjpl-fbnOLnAhUP8DgGHV7zCgkQ_AUoAHoECAEQAA

https://1.cdn.edl.io/Wde1Vfb3pa9tvnstubDM7G5SBVVX7uqEoC6VACO7YyrpklKy
.pdf

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317220

https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/26/suppl_1/s33