Placental abruption (abrubtio placenta) is the detachment of part or all of the placenta which

in normal circumstances implies over 22 weeks and before the birth of the child. Placental
abruption is the release of the placenta which is normally located in the uterine fundus /
uterine body before the fetus is born (PB POGI, 1991).

Placental abruption is the detachment of the placenta from its normal implantation site in the
uterus before the fetus is born. Which occurs at 22 weeks gestation or the fetus weight is
above 500 grams (Rustam 2002). So the complete definition is: placental abruption is part or
all of the normal placenta implantation between week 22 and the birth of the child (according
to Obstetric Pathology 2002).

Placental abruption or placental abruption is the release of part or all of the placenta from the
uterus during pregnancy and childbirth (Chapman V, 2003). Placental abruption is a
condition in a viable pregnancy, in which the placenta with normal implantation sites (on the
fundus or corfus) peels off or detaches before stage III (Achadiat, 2004). A synonym for
placental abruption is placental abruption.

The main cause of placental abruption is not clear. However, some of the things below are
suspected to be factors that influenced its occurrence, including the following:

1. Essential hypertension or preeclampsia.

2. Short umbilical cord due to excessive or free fetal movement.
3. Abdominal trauma such as falling face down, kicking a child who is being carried.
4. Pressure of the enlarged uterus on the inferior vena cava.
5. Very small uterus.
6. Maternal age (<20 years or> 35 years
7. Your membranes break prematurely.
8. Myoma uteri.
9. Folic acid deficiency.
10. Smoking, alcohol, and cocaine.
11. Retroplacental bleeding.
12. The strength of the mother's uterus is reduced at multiparity.
13. Maternal blood circulation is disturbed so that blood supply to the fetus is not
available.
14. Sudden shrinkage at hydromnion and gamely.
Treatment of placental abruption according to Manuaba (1998: 260-261):

1. Mild placental abruption a) The stomach is slightly tense, bleeding is not too much. b)
The condition of the fetus can still be treated conservatively. c) The bleeding
continues and the tension increases, with the fetus still good for cesarean section. d)
Bleeding that stops and the condition is good in premature pregnancy should be
hospitalized
2. Moderate and severe placental abruption. Handling is carried out in a hospital because
it can endanger the patient's life. The treatment is: a) Installation of infusions and
blood transfusions. b) Breaking the amniotic fluid. c) Labor induction or performed
SC. Therefore, treatment of moderate and severe placental abruption must be carried
out in a hospital with adequate facilities.
3. The attitude of the midwife in dealing with placental abruption. Midwives are the
mainstay of the community to be able to provide midwifery assistance, so that it can
reduce morbidity and mortality rates for both mother and perinatal. In dealing with
bleeding in pregnancy, the midwife's main attitude is to refer to the hospital. In
making a referral, emergency help is given:
a) Installation of infusion
b) Without doing an internal inspection
c) Delivered by officers who can provide assistance
d) Preparing donors from the community or their families e) Include a description
of what has been done to provide first aid Placental abruption in hospitals
according to Marmi (2011: 80-81): - Blood transfusion - Water breaking -
Oxytocin infusion - In SC, if necessary