Professional Documents
Culture Documents
v=BAZtrSAmeIQ&t=1s
• result from periodic disturbance
• same period (frequency) as source 1
f
• Longitudinal or Transverse Waves
• Characterized by
– amplitude (how far do the “bits” move from their
equilibrium positions? Amplitude of MEDIUM)
– period or frequency (how long does it take for each “bit” to
go through one cycle?)
– wavelength (over what distance does the cycle repeat in a
freeze frame?)
– wave speed (how fast is the energy transferred?) v f
Wave speed: Depends on Properties of the Medium:
Temperature, Density, Elasticity, Tension, Relative Motion
vf
v
Wavelength and Frequency are Inversely related: f
The shorter the wavelength, the higher the frequency.
The longer the wavelength, the lower the frequency.
3Hz
5Hz
Transverse Wave
• A traveling wave or pulse that causes the elements of
the disturbed medium to move perpendicular to the
direction of propagation is called a transverse wave
Longitudinal Wave
A traveling wave or pulse that causes the elements of the disturbed
medium to move parallel to the direction of propagation is called a
longitudinal wave:
Pulse
Tuning Fork
Guitar String
Types of Waves
Sound
String
Most waves are spherical!
We still represent them as 2D
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MwsGULCvMB
k
Wave PULSE:
• traveling disturbance
• transfers energy and momentum
• no bulk motion of the medium
• comes in two flavors
• LONGitudinal
• TRANSverse
Traveling Pulse
• For a pulse traveling to the right
– y (x, t) = f (x – vt)
• For a pulse traveling to the left
– y (x, t) = f (x + vt)
• The function y is also called the wave
function: y (x, t)
• The wave function represents the y
coordinate of any element located at
position x at any time t
– The y coordinate is the transverse position
• If t is fixed then the wave function is
called the waveform
– It defines a curve representing the actual
geometric shape of the pulse at that time
Traveling Pulse 2
y ( x, t )
Wave Form ( x 3t )2 1
Space Snap Shots
2
@ t 0 s, y ( x, 0)
( x) 2 1
2
@ t 1s, y ( x,1)
( x 3)2 1
2
@ t 2 s, y ( x, 2)
( x 6)2 1
Time Plot: History y ( x, t )
2
One position ( x 3t )2 1
B. D.
B. D.