IK 6: 373-6. Copan 19 Organisms as ecosystem engineers ve? ww » ‘lve 6, Jones, Jobe H, Lawton ad Mate Sach dng gt. asl 1 Oe se ge (Gein ss des isu Alogi cagen eg woadpeors bere Chan (eka ta mec eer nt Te dee ont rasa Soo Gee Wan y Secs pees Weta See aie toe cara ae pee ‘Roar unl pasa Seefeld mec ny ele SRE Ee SS ‘Senter tae tee ng tes ie ares ti pit semi sad at Sone im coment eemmoery mn pe ate rah 8 Slaton ae ‘ies ‘Sopot we nPsnced oy exons engcers de eM Rib Gee beer le et ‘Re a bg art Bar Uf he ‘ever Sede Boer Iercen twen onan a a detent coon. The elope ere is ih in examples of te dibaon and sbutans of ier EzlozY hui ison by oan. sae of wach have ‘Enooks fog Ries 064 fics 1986 Bogor Seenexenvely sued (eg Pug 1978 Nema ea TBE) sume thse impart eran sna. T8Hh, Hwee, nreerel popolon and count nd mcesperfe copes for si ad bere ccoegy Save sr defined nr spec He ‘tucen pedton pi od atom Compe) Redan sued the role rans ne sein an cy ban arte tf hey proces nos test_ iene of aks Ther steven 9 ad ‘hols be fle hat many organi poy meses wor common wr ce he proces. We vl ‘Mor moder apd mantrans of aie These Sal the procs Ecc Enger ad he OE ‘eur spser br ey are severlese impart ani" Bev (Car conan re ome examples ot epee Sees 18. gorges‘evan sng them cote dams they alr hoe See a tay eo seme Rosine ain ss ema ect hy cr ng omg aie muy eso nd mmo be vn ae hae wa td mae wee ace) Soren so! wma fet ‘ice il ema compstn on ve nines Ave il hou 49789 0f Species have SEC he tonto srs en oo Se etapa impr as, Yeh agg se vst nse tomar 8 ne her cee td Sot ny od wh nog desndo Seine Enon ch Seve moe fe teufbw tor es tai 1) ca ny eet ec oer na ees See Sa sop S e ipe. {he ake vaflowe enn hes cose ‘esl Spano at bee Me rene a vane tu 9 ie anda ped aan feos enpacns yore wins fi anos ome nev et fbn nies act o meow tow te ‘ein nine ce ov le eres tes sae pa NH Ke BIS nd Mur cties rhs won eis oem ‘en Cees to ne ohare men 6 2 caer tev pevbieg ames a + ‘Sel nce sear sme comme Definitions sot engines opis a die oi Sey mae ris ees er ah ‘fangs eo abe eats tno Sng they | Saas imam ar cee baba “re esis eres by 38 rani 1 coher suns he fo of ig a ea ses ‘Sinarne Rater eal most comemgrar) ‘Eso researc or ame plates x ed ‘Sore nro, od web se ad dcop “pn umes are ema hi “og engnar Cage tenn by ae ‘eng tenga om Pe “hime wih ose deste at hn peed omidr rome ele exams. We a a hi Sorat. cncemed i te age or ele oe tapas of esis on sammuniis ad conten Classification of organisms as engineers Tal | snare examples oxi a5 cost orice heal iss, octave. Ads ean ae uate nb signed one ve posable coves (Figs. {ina fo oreo hese aie AS i man Situ Te bounds betwee tps ener ‘reorient wel eps mpoecong nn roll sess ay 50 ‘Tia sinply teste a nse stro Sivay comme wih ope nerctms We Cc {One wicca are proceed. THe ojo of ‘ise tween ene sy The lesen 0 fp Tera thecomsetonl ton ves dsetbe ener ceforn cue 1 Fi. That ey sate spe ten eee fy tuing ce no ing mtr ed wn he ects tem om pyle {sing ee yo oe ett aes dm) T 2 «Eafe hen see pale po or pou fs en who seis of sere ‘ely oe ors The cea me sprees iS Vnstenan owes rome in ote 2 Gum Tae atoms mods he sty of aster roves wane Bt eden ‘Sym chage th eye ‘foi. dsbaon farce ind by or ‘AS th me powes cyBe popl= ‘Sonat alone enact. Enperig hore et rosin fests in eo eis Ee. ‘Feo Bose othe det overs of wa the way hat py ae et esau or ptm ot NESE tte series Tow comider be sfgunie cqbvas of Seve rt cos 3 Sine enampes wee OH of 2 Fees cove ere sod cori et Soares ‘tel anny spc or merce rans ba froten of ces, nso ving aa ste Os Eronunseceseeter ater icvfores wee | lip! te ayer provisos fescue However he Aleve oe frst ce here! eu pa Stes hich do cope te cnvionmet 2‘ile | ume eam ing aeons Chance Fe, | Aden cme doe Fee oun ag mo. eae steed maar ther Baca Se tte eos Sees reheat a eet alee ‘Sra re. ad ue ts el mere Bo pops oe: Spee ager toe Lite iy msaie sean Mar eee tt ge. Game oe ey fats ch eas ron tng nd wean Ten vegaesn pete meant ‘hea poate ram od aero. Sh Stove mcm Mier & Dae Semeapa tenet ihn Eaeran‘ot Ce be ce 3 ad Seo sit Sacer ae ncaeacac” “eM AUTOGENIC ALLOGENIC NOT ENGINEERING CASE 1 case 2 Shania Sia oe aie ‘ovules cn > =TH —_ er ere aor ors sam re moe CASES. CASE 4 ‘sien oo Se =H Lk Sa I ar cases CASES“Timo consiateratoazns egies Ties ‘Mer fyirtgy. one spec ands ty a wel ei oer ds anit el oe Sting 1921 cre mode cue sees ton fa Sa 30 on Doo, Pa angle Seed ae dependent pn the pial canons ‘dined ye tape ener a pe eure ‘ws ch hey efecto nt ey vie “ero cane pt lay fe ition sows subtle apn th perforate eyo od soe ite am Meroe mere tsi add ern 1991 Tees Foe oor ving space by saps tee 1) 10 Tee pede ao hese Tend be sued the erm of earn. tence ets ar bon ei sacs "ene Fp flection Tessin wr excton mater teow We hve ite cee tpn Tex) nen te sacs se came sey a eet ov eourty bene te ils Ke i eminent ay for enon oF “Sopp eer eure‘ ter seis ae an [WEE prider ot reser The pombe ee auc ee ean sao uments arts hy comeing ge Simpist hing of slbgene engine eae = Fi. aon rasa oes ne is 2 Fectee same gusty (wegen abe ni ti Tey en wd wat ls Sor une THE tal ne the rept tS ‘Seu at make ter. Race at some fe Sep wh nae ching TN, ee os {atl ever dame Siow an he rk of eng eu Hs wool eosleog jt me Te ul ad avs Terme banc con ad vt tse he {ons gens Richie 80 ae nx sme ‘Doupeceolr si hey ae Delong se ‘ve tey contort ane Stes em ee ‘teen cus tn oma pes eto wae felloest. Namen exempt the ptm rene by Fab) TaD tice ey ee tt fae anne stat an hewes wearing eke i ol Eide sherpa lor 197) esti gen nse te oP my a ee ay uge rope vgn nd proves ef the wot ‘imi sates econ ogeig To WRN nn anne 6 riaing iu reqecne. Cats 3 and © he the conor pets ar amopeic we agencies cect {Tene msine poms sn oes, tne Trevor meanes Exams inst So ae d= cused mses 1 th xen ib "eta ese mar hfe ae hoes ‘Mel oie aaaion a une 9 Tre pois» pty meres ease 5 ica aber mcvemion ter he produc 8 onbose vaya end as open en Soiniase 3 Dies pee of plans pres ‘ire gus genie ig md eat foe he map not i arab Te {te many citer meres (Chesensen T9BS). BUah tae [Sad pect Seca Mor Be 8 a ‘iy insened he bene af fe eulap i et {rina nich om atin Dy pants Do Fm er 980) Te efecs o epone as alge Shaheen se mms Table ‘Bon ao atm alan engine (ese 6 In uct ico Dao eslr inne se hod ‘ne terme ees dP specs ei domain ope oni fre. ‘Shoe fans recommen Bust 199) Daca cane Pantry, sl omer a ens ‘Then gl ee ay hl ome tener hush movers a5 oc Fie i vente very of pects smrcions fe isan ores ee otters oa salbmets pee a8 nee ngs fy oe ian a een Bah ve frauen ont goth of ie sain {plinth ugly of sous er celts nics cee te eine eg Ase (97) Beh = fer slur ral tocive2(Fp weve te do (ee Settle ea pliner = cmanecs ot Tce el plaion ene snd ot aes‘uti spose ear plone: x egies fe {nein ey py meas er stene faeries or te an The ‘Gur dtnion of eazeecne abo embeaes we unepected clot promna fer cone dan ‘mses produced hy Lage heirs. Cows tum Bas loc pts hae en conse by cher ty meee. een a he pas fr od tn shter Mae 191) The psec sa en fn povided by he rapping a es 3 Hapa ‘St wos nub she Common fr ‘Str Bn 106, dos ot wt sh Stn Sines aa arto ep ows salon cence, "Engg ico pct) We woul teat revert a oncom perp tesane vpn ae Fortes ad ter bo Human anatogues Tre pales Seween esos an human engines hominis er purport ee te'say tat the major eon why numa Re ch Ivers flees onthe ewonnat hbo ofthe tended eansequnces of or acivies ws egies, Indeed pape are now he psa age emi. ‘teagiy und conlston of water oun, contr x ‘ety cnes im Big. ehh ho ae alge apr ene the pie ernment afd mot hig te Bow of resumes eter sees. "Cosson of ening bone Tobias ies er ‘eft of at Pg br ood ter ove examples oe ug Patho Ss Ses wo reducer ame ene pies of cae 6, Humane mtuc sung tf. sag tals ons laste an bul condone focoumest ee smickg ee $3 We las an nnting sees hyo ih coat c ‘Teing: pome,snatconstong mae oat teat Orpen do il ae job nd er oe fenpocive we eto lise iene ween EE id metman evoerng Related concepts acu pei al tay secs pot ic fan ns ie top less ae toners. Within thn meres po Pets enya aye 988 ey see pe eer Cen erin ro nin boche Ihermleas anes Copeman ecb ‘Samples allgon: tener npn Take zoo ingecal hv daring le a tow sppear con 0 fl Andwant at Buch {i850 ecopnaig "space hea "sete. ‘ns shat om orn he ie eginet Inman Bene envionment te avi of ae bucowg animate ks 0 ply doar Sere mst mesg ng ies ‘Geran "saan pene verat “ae ee gic anes We aur 9 Bis po Syne pets Pane 1968. Kes 1985, Dy a Toa cpa role fp ering comment Te dEion removal of heystone secs Ne ctnagte i spetes campston an SWS ArNtobwes The ceca eae tly SET rf wat een fea imal clog tnkine For example remove OP ‘eens acasea ferruz the nse Fey eis eomgenion na hence ya Ie Sse epcg hwer lve (ses an Palo pds Capetec ta 18 But cal fst eqn ince engineering. or eS iowtune te Biaarnrs Thayer RSTO tore; cue nt quand ced exon of sete Esar anova lors 0 ER ss eon (Gronctcnrons op) so FES te appance of tlp eas. wih fStpes wove cine itor ts with round Et Son wa ae stones niece ese Feed ut by wane sang he E> ‘Shpane ease fe #) i tar wort 80 ‘Wednesday eg he (ete none nels ecase han ‘iene of one engine iti on ane: ih. shin'tnckon ets oo oe secs Uke of Mee Th oul el ar et ange ra Dipae sgp on cesenvegeton SB a ead ely et esa aso ec SSE pose dsctuce By browne rae eens ot sty ene many stow pa AE Souk och foie seonposion oe {Brown ed Hose 150, ‘Bec ees of eine secs ia the oe apse hve seem oe repred by Daly 6a FES ated apoces Speen was {ope wouter) at 3 ketone pees 40 25 ShSioouo stapes Ther west Aes— = hin ens, Pps cease eet nes ip pact al 2 ‘Shack Fsting fesse by te saps i ‘Pilowe Ste spp so mae sp tows avlale ‘rea is males ety aging he ‘ibaa unre of this rec for the ‘pete = ta herfre ai conforming 2 itis eocely ple ough we hk tl Be ancommonn pies ors keane eis exe ‘Hees cote opal, woot abo Sg i 38 ‘Srees. br watou changing te enamel ot ‘tery nthe we, Othe snr Bo. ay ns ‘eur ae key seis even toh hey Yl ‘Res cncaes hs esbook ree of keysone spe iw “Reyos spain may be lel ae Imcoped fot np At eset feet Sines te teevet to be ese Wy Here Sqeoes pagan comme ketone spn ah ‘cosmo We hive tat such evs poly eet "connas amng enicise They pr Brae w Huse ted respon rl cone ener Is ketone spiel tu, 3 oes en bene fs tes whieh an omy prove eo Su hme space Bat hh ao soz npr ‘sucess oe ina a onan Bel frend Many gle spe of tes temperate te feel eee specie chs re blk ‘yuo ips nd ipsam exons eine "Ou sews ae very cue tfoing +1982) Even rayon Hipthesem vich be sae ha" fea sey ae soled ans rnsed Dv Sin sc of ey pst ara ana ate pees ht “eee aneape tefl "Ne woud al ro pnts Fat ren Btn coming ‘Soto formot einen: nd cod ne Felice a teytone spacey ocar fry “Top down’ ¥s ‘bottom up’, asymmetrical and indirect effects “atonal pptacon ned fous on epee Fla seo upton erp compen. ‘rey an on itanson 1972 Highly {iecommon, posibly the norm. a some stations Law ‘Seam Hace 198 Ee cn tracts Shoe symmetry 0. ey ‘Sinus toms grasp stance bt et ce fea teow 1980 Hows OP wih wine (ein logy tout he eave pena f uh ‘Sean op tap owe Wher ad Pe \ a teowimefeaue eget pct upon xh a Irostvcy te mga. fa ere ay of be n> Ue espa ene hr np pis pon ‘De empl wl sc, Beaver beeline cove sunt of uae ots ba Cee eral mts ter sae agains. Th dt eae a deo sees apeles ne ‘Sh on ape soteam on thd Sunes tle eae panna eng ale Snurace ce shovel Genera we expe tthe rae and eave lst of engine Yo Be MMS "Tun ot ay ht here amt te any feds ‘hens Unsere ee eae ae see potbly aerate long nds. he oc They ema vitaly une Fer same ‘Seen ic nae by ect les “ped erin nthe gnu Mela ¢ Wah ad Ble 0s, Emer 1975) pea sever encoun the air, Coys ia comm. engin sil ad shane ‘esetn mgonion. bem ad rod Tle UiRnewm,ptomerppdaons become mare aon thatthe cay Eaopi mend ua seo tome Tr ett operon gopher. Tae st ‘runs weil Gouna poive and real int tao fon for eos dst sic nous he lat sees at popes pee a ‘Shen cence bt ume, Ti ‘an yos commit assopyets compete ih or Sito pad loner epee bc oop “Repetto aks ex tal ween ng fenced ces ‘Spatial and temporal scales ‘Sui an tamport sele of aco. Water le ‘Sepsis sand tener dams may bh be ea ‘Shout which i the more significant eeepc! phenom ‘Son Stas sae te ipa eniees They ite sine pr capi ey of nia rpans ty Popa Sent. tn Te sp bus, by ely ad resontoy darby of oun ate amd ings in ssn The mamer am ype Yeo ws tae Med Oy he enacts rts nd th bee ee sod pa ese NOs ‘haste mostabvios ess miei isa Bicwpcocs wine cup etic. ene an Aine ener tp ain te onetime stp ‘teenses tht peat miei ann ae ‘Mon enours ws loinc mma mvt rene Atavocal aden ue oper ox and Gata Mes 19, Co a ERs TO Aopen {ene ucemy ase "fo 3 dee te ore fe wah eee Faso a tenpere al sto tan ey woud oe soe bet ova ferent ave ape pecan eee toy ard climate repos Scertgh dent estwe boas ad The tr dale. Bu the ipa st ropes cranes mi fave 2 we (8G mamoy ake oes bed hopes) effects pio a hey eco a CoEay hgh dnates oe as are. eit ps Sgnan moses able aed eae. Ae ce Spe est ens orn ot lage engess ya cn ped le ce pl poses naling pope ‘ivan wentenny Yer aan 98. Krein nd Dyer 988 Heskett sump flea Sivan erp edo Te,! Words Fer specially te wpe hes oneeo ons Shi seinentay ct pres ing ees fy byt gue of sapien b hw per ep tie ery ods Caren se p+ These fee hem aporenty ape cs ‘eson by dr ugha re rumen eh Sesh iy no he hl {mcm eos aye ini acts wn grease sont Hows wae novi ee aise by ay Gite specie won te ersoer wales abi fest afer ay aber specs No pin ‘seen theft sh slime. cs. a Sey ee ae hurenes proves some he mas ih eens Pac anew oe ef maiuation epee esd nly te npc eens eng te temong orang gece Stas by Bae. Uiyinh 6S eet examples of mane en ee Svempnre Tee A een tad Hall ERE T1905) show e pil power of is man lao searing per sit pac om Da non apace bough nthe res Comeat i Ua econ poten a urbane [eae inl etece st esfunde Eble cas caer stag ey is tlw sia (he met cast Seatand Te ps are eee {err ofthe seabed para tevin abs fea sco tess elo ocve mom fale (ee nyc ee els te pees ot ‘chu acura epee pice ies oe Sone sapere be nda ah ‘Spies see commas rece ete y re Ubnarayenpetang dep ge visually conse Sus ined gue This sample soma a ity th unl effects of Ber eas Ue Jct on practi, ecompostion, oxygen fod tape New Lago mah eves ‘pee owt of se Bees 185 CTE Toner eaeely pod sears protien ae way ach th pesenc of tease ‘Shem pecs ener make fnptned a ‘Bere elsce wi sly a. te kng ved. Ba hor rac nao hve longtemps FOr ‘Socal pete reed Wy wun aan TEE Steompon snp ued but te eer Ine ht sunk oe dep San eel hes “Rll hoa exper conser aig the cosenes ay aed pining te cvserens. fey ene nti impos ae eptemer. open Tres she hn br sim the iene of ie ‘Seon eg sea mal pase ie ‘SE'nane coe be enpcers tse monies ith rm own ete ex ao wallow ener {ms pr seinen rch and om Thee pers targeond ine come being ad er ot SSN? pene ad procene Rats of cs. Fe'tines one poo of etal eee ima te orbs 0 popu. coneanty a gen ably. researc and ese CM {Seth aene mach re tenon fom here 2Evototionary effets Enrr,we ditinuihd Necenepsnsed tes Sj © lon me sch py henalen dst sen wo slew ed fala hot pons were gen av an camo Ene fhe npc i, eas snes {lan Res in sci fst fo dance © eae ‘he weapcter ele rt un Bu te eve uy een of een nae cnet ‘Seed ind gery sa, or eagle tends emgpe yb sje 1 lon in he Dhl envetmen, ipl ooh Crt fin be sj lei rom plies peo: (eg tenting wake) tha into ws depen thes nd ernest geese ais wih pe ieee eg. One a the at ome ‘kann he sai cord dhe yh Des ‘om snvare in he ery of oma geson ‘eed Ig on ro nares ssa, bleu ‘Seni (Ther 1B). Taser aunts hse mae BEN MC bawet MC Kioctmer Dy HX and vo cot Wand Gala. 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