CHAPTER - 02 MOTION IN A PLANE VECTORS ‘A vector is @ quantity having both magnitude and direction + Representation of a vector #-r a where r=|i] gives the magnitude and , is a unit vector that gives direction + Unit vectors along the three coordinate axes are called orthogonal unit vectors. They are name respectively + Magnitude of a vector If a vector is represented as 7 x tHyj-zk, its magnitude is given by |r] = 9° => 7 + Types of vectors >Equal vectors - two vectors having equal magnitude and same direction >Parallel vectors - vectors along the same direction > Antiparallel vectors - vectors in opposite directions » Collinear vectors - vectors along the same line —»Zero vector - a vector having zero magnitude —»Coplanar vectors - vectors over the same plane VECTOR ADDITION 4. Triangle law of vector addition If 3.5 are the consecutive sides of a triangle then the resultantis given by the closing side of the triangle taken in the opposite order. Magnitude of the resultantis given by, 2. Parallelogram law of vector addition If B&G represent the adjacent sides of a parallelogram, the resultant vector is given by the diagonal ofthe parallelogram drawn from the meeting point of tails of p and Q Ly ? = YP =O +2PQcosd Magnitude of the resultant vector is given by, Qsind tne Also Pox Special cases 1. lf the vectors are along the same direction, 0-0" -.JR| [P+ 2. If the vectors are in opposite directions, 9-130" | B-Q| 3, If the vectors are perpendicular to each other, 9 = 90° .|R|=¥P +O" Note Repeaters 2021-NEET(Module-1) The resultant of vectors p and @ always lies between |P -Q) and [P +O] 3. Polygon law of vector addition If u,b, 7.d and & are the successive sides of a polygon, the resultant vector is given by the closing side of the polygon taken in the opposite order — et, YON N\A F-a7-b+t-dit VECTOR SUBTRACTION if / af / [BG] JPF¥Q=2PQe0s0@® Brilliant stupy center APPLICATIONS 41. Relative velocity If V, and V,, are the velocities of bodies A and B travelling at an angle Q apart, relative velocity of Awith respect to B is given by =v 2V.V.Cos8 Vo-V- 2. Acceleration If ¥, and V, are the initial and final velocities, acceleration is given by d= PRODUCT OF VECTORS | Dot product (Scalar product) Dot product of vectors and £3 is defined as A B=|A|[B)Cos0 0 —vangle between A and B Note: if A =ai+a.j+a,k and B-bi+b.j-b.&. then AB a,b, +a.b, ab, + Properties 1. Itis commutative, A B=BA Itis distributive, A(B+C)-AB-AC 3. Angle between the vectors. and B, 6 Cos” ia 4, If two vectors are perpendicular, 9 -90' . AB=0 5 AASA 6 i=l ji-/:k.4-1 ie, identical unit vectors when taken dot product give one 7. 1}=0 jk . £ io ie. unlike unit vectors when taken dot product give zero. Note: The common situations where the dot product is used are given below (i) Power =F (ii) Work = Fg (ii) Flux= EA of BA ll. Cross product (Vector product) Cross product of vectors and 13 is defined as When, represents the direction. Direction is given by right handed screw rule If 2 right handed screw is rotated from A to B, the direction of tip of the screw gives the direction ofRepeaters 2021-NEET(Module-1) AxB + Properties 1. Itis not commutative, ie, A. Be B.A 2. Itis distributive ie, A«(B+C)= Ax B+ Ax€ 3. Angle between two vectors A and B, @=sin | 4. Iftwo vectors are parallel, @-0 4.0 5 A.A-0 6 fis aj i-0, Kho woN so 4 i To jejehekak bei 7 Note: 4 The common situations where the cross product is used are listed below () Torque ¢ 7. — (ii)Anguler momentum, ¢ fi) Linear velocity, ye 6 « F Note : 2 IfA=ai-a.j-ak and Bbi+b,)-b.k iik AxB=fy as a bh, bb, = (ajb, a,b: i -(ajb, a,b Ji+(ad, -a.b,)K + Lami’s theorem sina _ sin _ siny ab In AABC with sides i.b.¢ + Resolution of a vector into components (i) Vector in a plane asina| A Acos The vector can be split up into two components, & cos « and A sinc,@® Brilliant svupy CENTRE (ii) Vector in space A=AJ+Aj+A,K ~ A Cosa: 1 a. > angle between the vector and the x -axis N soy OS Cosfi re m fi > angle between the vector and the y-axis 5 A, Co + >angle between the vector and the z -axis Note: 1 Ifa body is in equilibrium under @ set of non-collinear forces, the minimum number of forces has to be three Note: 2 (2) If A.B are the adjacent sides of a parallelogram, area of the parallelogram is given by Area= A.B (b)Ifdiagonals @ and fyare given Area= V4(C«D) PROJECTILES |. OBLIQUE PROJECTILE A body projected at a particular angle with an intial velocity u Assumptions 1. Friction due to air is neglected 2. There is no horizontal force acting on the body + Projectile motion is a two dimensional motion. The path taken by the body is parabolic and is called trajectory. + Initial velocity u has two components; horizontal (u cos) and vertical (u sin) + As the body starts ascending, vertical component decreases. becomes zero at the topmost point, in- creases during the descent. + Horizontal velocity remains y cos @ throughout the motion + Atthe topmost point, a) velocity = u cos b) momentum = mu cos 0 1 usin Oo] U ) kinetic energy = smu cos" ) potential energy = Ymu® «) potential energy = Yu ucos 0Repeaters 2021-NEET(Module-1) Note :1 If 6-45", kinetic energy and potential energy at the topmost point are equal Note :2 During the mation of a projectile, total energy remains conserved. During the ascent, kinetic energy is converted to potential energy and during descent potential energy is converted back to kinetic energy Note :3 For a projectile, a) Velocity of projection = velocity of landing '») Kinetic energy of projection = kinetic energy of landing + Equation of trajectory of a projectile is y — x tan8— + Velocity of the body at any instant V fu? — 2ugt sind usind ucos0 Note: In a projectile motion, @ is obtuse while the body ascends; 90° at the topmost point and itis acute while the body descends where @ is the angle between + Angle made by the velocity vector with the horizontal is given by, tanp ~ (i) displacement and acceleration (ii) displacement and force (iii) velocity and acceleration (iv) velocity and force + Fora projectile 4. Time of fight, T= wsin@ 2. Maximum height attained H,,... wsin20 3. Horizontal range R = 4, Maximum horizontal range R,., Note:1 A projectile attains maximum range when projected at an angle 45° Note: 2 R,. and H,., are related a8 R= 4 Hy,@® Brilliant svupy CENTRE Note : 3 For two angles of projection, @ and (90- 9) 4, Ry= Ry the ranges are equal tan0 2 zo kan . s 4 eee 5 R=4/iF, + Change in momentum between 1. The point of landing and point of projection = -2 mu sing 2. The topmost point and point of projection = -mu sing I HORIZONTAL PROJECTILE Abody projected with an initial horizontal velocity. Initial vertical velocity is zero + For a horizontal projectile (a) (b) Note :1 Horizontal velocity remains constant throughout the motion; vertical velocity goes on increasing Note :2 For a body thrown horizontally, time taken to reach the ground is independent of initial velocity of projec tion Velocity at any instantis given by V — fur Angle made by the velocity vector with the horizontal is given by tanf} = Equation of trajectory of the projectile is y CIRCULAR MOTION Uniform Circular Motion The body executing circular motion has constant speed. But the velocity goes on changing continuously Vv + Angular displacement - the angle swept by the radius vector. Unit is rad + Angular velocity, 0 MY. Unitis rad/sec ‘dtRepeaters 2021-NEET(Module-1) do _¢@ + Angular acceleration «== Unit is rads? dr Note Linear velocity and angular velocity are related as Vi — @ «if + Change in velocity = VE WEIN V.Cost Change in velocity is given by |sV|= Vv sin(%4) + Time period (7) - the time taken by a body to complete one revolution + Frequency (v) - number of revolutions per second For uniform circular motion, V, = V.=V “AV + Angular velocity © Note: Linear acceleration and angular acceleration are related as @ = dxf + Centripetal acceleration - acceleration acting on a body executing uniform circular motion + Centripetal force is given by F, =ma my BY Lint T + Work done by a centripetal force WW — Fd - Fd cos0 — FdCos90-0 mor Centripetal force in di {parce ed to sing and whi ina cele [Tension inthe sting [ichicke taking atm on alevelwad Frictional free Revoltion of earth around sun [aitetional once [Fectmn revolving around anuclews inan atom [salam forse of attrction * charged partie deserbing a crcular path in « magnetic field Levent force Note Angular velocity, angular acceleration, angular momentum and torque are axial vectors. Non-Uniform circular motion In a non-uniform circular motion, both magnitude and direction of velocity continuously change. An addi- tional acceleration called tangential acceleration also acts in this case The resultant acceleration is given by a - fa.” +a,CHAPTER - 02 MOTION IN A PLANE QUESTIONS LEVEL - | (HOMEWORK 1. Which of the following can be a vector? A) Density B) Refractive index C) Volume D) Pressure E)Area 2. Ineach of the following a pair of physical quantities are listed. Which among them gives one member a scalar and the other a vector A) potential, work B) kinetic energy, force C) speed, power D) displacement, acceleration E) velocity, momentum 3. A force inclined at 60° to the horizontal. If its component in the horizontal direction is SON, then the magnitude of the force in the vertical direction is A)25N 8) 75N c)87N D) 100 N &) 50 Ns 4, The sum and difference of two vectors are equal in magnitude if the vectors are: A) perpendicular B) parallel C) opposite D) anti parallel E) atany angle 5. Ifthe sum of two unit vectors is a unit vector, then the magnitude of their difference is. A) 3unit B) V3 unit C) 1/3 unit D) WS unit) YF unit 6 Two forces each numerically equal to 5 N, are acting as shown in the figure, Then the resultant is A)25N 8)5N C) WN 0) 10N ©) iN40. “1 12. 13. 14. 45. 16 7 Repeaters 2021-Jee MainiModule-1) Forces of equal magnitude ‘f act on a point. If the angle between the two vectors is q the magnitude of resultant is A) tyes) B) F20+sino} D) 2Peos E) 2FeotS ‘Two equal forces have their resultant equal to either, Then they are inclined at an angle A) Oe B) 30° ©) 45° ©) 60° &) 120° IfA= B+ Cand the magnitudes of A, Band Care 5, 4, 3 units, the angle between A and Cis A) cos (3/5) B) cost (4/5) C) pi2 D) sin" (3/4) E) sir (3/5) ‘A boatis sent across a river with a velocity of 8 km/h. If the resultant velocity of the boat is 10 km/h, the river is flowing with a velocity of A)128kmh —B) 6 km/h C) 8 km/h D) 10 km/h E) 15 knv/h Find the value of c if A= 0.41 + 0.3j+ ckis a unit vector AjOS 8) Vis ot D) E) Jos, ‘person is moving in a circle of radius r with constant speed v, The change in velocity in moving from Ato Bis A)2 veos 40!) By 2 sin 4 ) 2 vcosec 20° C)2y cos 20!" Di 2y sin 20 Aman walks 40 m North, then 70 m East and then 40 m South. What is his displacement from the starting point? A) 150 m East B) 150 m West C) 70 m East D) 70 m West E) 30 m West 3] + 4k The magnitude of the scalar product of these Consider two vectors F, = 21+ Sk andF5 vector is A) 32 B) 23 C) (33) D) 26 E) 20 If the resultant of two vectors having magnitude of 7 and 4 is 3, the magnitude of the cross product of the two vectors could be A)28 B)3 qn D) 13, E) zero Avector B, is along the positive x-axis. If its vector product with another vector p. is zero then B. could be: ) 5) Fe xy) Al B) ft cy (irk) ‘Apperson can throw a stone a maximum distance of 100m, The greatest height to which he can throw the stone is A) 100m. B) 75m c)50m D) 25 om £) 60m@® Brilliant svupy CENTRE 18, 19. 20. 24 22. 2. 24, 25. 2 27. 28. During projectile motion, the quantities that remain unchanged are A) force and velocity 8) acceleration and velocity C) K.E and acceleration D) acceleration and momentum £) acceleration and horizontal velocity A body is projected at an angle ¢ to the horizontal with kinetic energy &,, The potential energy at the highest point of the trajectory is AVE, B)E,cosg —C) E sin’ D)E,tan’qg —E) Etan’q A cricket balls hit at 45°to the horizontal with @ kinetic energy K. The kinetic energy at the highest point is A)K B)K/2 C)Ksin 45° D2K E) zero ‘An aeroplane flying at a constant speed releases a bomb. As the bomb moves away from the aeroplane itwill A) Always be vertically below the aeroplane only ifthe aeroplane was flying horizontally 8) Always be vertically below the aeroplane only if the eeroplane was flying at an angle of 45° to the horizontal C) Always be vertically below the aeroplane D) Gradually fall behind the aeroplane if the 2eroplane was flying horizontally If air resistance is ignored, then the horizontal motion of the oblique projectile takes place at. A) Uniform acceleration 8) Variable acceleration C) Uniform retardation D) Uniform velocity A projectile thrown with a velocity n at an angle q has a range R on the surface of earth. For samen and q, its range on the surface of moon will be A)36R 8) R36 Cc) RIG D)6R E) Ri3 The range of a particle when launched at an angle 15° with the horizontal is 1.5 km. Whatis the range of the particle when launched at an angle 45°to the horizontal A) 1.5km B) 3.0km C)4.5km D)6 km E) 0.75km) Two bodies are projected at angle q and (80 - q) to the horizontal with the same speed. The ratio of their horizontal ranges, Ry/R, is A)1:1 8B) 1 tang C)tang:1 D) tan?g: 1 E) 1 cotq ‘A particle is projected such that the horizontal range and vertical height are the same. Then the angle of projection is: A) tan4) B) tan-"(1/4) C) pid D) pis E) pi2 Ifthe angle of projection of a projectile is 30°, then hew many times the horizontal range is larger than the maximum height A)2 B)3 C) wt D) 45 E) Wt If the height attained by a projectile is the greatest, then which of the following is the maximum, A) Horizontal range B) Angle of projection with the vertical C) Force of gravity D) Time of flight E) NoneRepeaters 2021-Jee MainiModule-1) 29. Aball thrown by one player to another is in air for two second. The maximum height attained by the ball is (g = 10 ms?) A)2m B)5m cj7m D)9m £) 10m 30. A bullets fired horizontally with a velocity of 80 ms" During the first second A) Itfalls 9.8m B)Itfalls Sm C) It does not fall at all D) Itfalls 4.9 m None of the above LEVEL I 1. Two forces each numerically equal to 10 N, are acting as shown in the figure. Then the resultant is: 10, 10N 1)25N 2)5N 3) SY3N 4) 10N 2. The vector sum of N coplanar form each other of magnitude F, when each force is making an angle 25K with the preceding one is 1) NF 2NY ay 4)Zero 3. Resultant of two vectors f and Ii, is of magnitude P. If F, is reversed, then resutant is of magnitude Q What is the value of P+ Q?? ay Re + FP 2) F. 3) 2F AF) 8}-+ck represents a unit vector when c is 2) Joz 3)0 4) Jos 5. The angle between two vectors 2) ) 3) 1 k and 3] +64 is oO 2) 4 3) 60 490 6. A particle starts from the origin at t = 0 and moves in the xy plane with constant acceleration a in the y direction. Its equation of motion is y = bx2. The x component of its velocity is a 1) variable 2) & 3) 35 4) 55 7. Aboy throws a ball up with V, = 20mis. The wind imparts a horizontal accleration 4ms~*to the left. The angle @ with vertical at which the ball must be thrown so that the ball returns to the boys hand is (g = 10ms*) 4) tar (4.2) 2) tan" (0.2) 3) tar" (2) 4) tan-!(0.4)@® Brilliant svupy CENTRE 8 10, 11 12 13. 14, 15, The speed at the maximum height of a projectile is half ofits initial speed u_ Its range on the horizontal plane is: au Bu? wv ue 1) 3g 239 3) 3g 42g The velocity of projection of a projectile is (61 +8])ms'. The horizontal range of the projectile is (g = 10 misec?) 1)49m 2)9.6m 3) 19.6m 4) 14m A particle is projected from a point A with velocity yf at an angle of 45° with horizontal as shown in figure. It strikes the plane BC at right angles. The velocity of the particle at the time of collision is uv? c OF au 2) A ball is projected upwards from the tog of a tower with a velocity of §0 ms making an angle of 30° with the horizontal. The height of the tower is 70 m. After how many seconds from the instant of throwing will the ball reach the ground? 12s 2)5s 37s 4)9s A small ball rolls of the top of a stairway horizontally with a velocity of 4.6 ms~!, Each step is 0.2m high and 0.3 m wide. If g is 10 ms~, then the ball will strike the nth step where n is equal to (assume ball strike at the edge of the step) 49 2) 10 311 4) 12 A ball is thrown from a point with a speed vp at angle of projection . From the same point and at the same instant, a person starts running with a constant speed v,/2 to catch the ball? If yes, what should be the angle of projection? 1) Yes, 60° 2) Yes, 30° 3) No 4) Yes, 45° ‘A particle is projected with a velocity v so that its range on a horizontal plane is twice the greatest height attained. Ifg is acceleration due to gravity, then its range is aye Su 1) Two stones are projected with the same speed but making different angles with the horizontal. Their ranges are equal. Ifthe angle of projection of oneis V4 and its maximum heightis h, then the maximum height of the other will be 4) nf 4) 3h, 2) 2h,18, 17. 18 19. 20. Pa 22. 23, Repeaters 2021-Jee MainiModule-1) Acar is moving towards east with a speed of 25 kmh To the driver of the car, a bus appears to move Oowards north with a speed of 253 kmh”. What is the actual velocity of the bus? 1) 50 kmh, 30°E of N. 2) 50 kmh’, 30°N of E 3) 25 kmh! 3°E of N 4) 25 kmh'', 30°N of E When a motorist is driving with @ velocity 674.8 j, the wind appears to come from the direction | When he doubles his velocity the wind appears to come from the direction {+}. Then the true velocity of the wind is 1) 41-8} 2)4148) 3) 143) 4) 4445 To aman walking at the rate of 3kmph the rain appears to fall vertically. When he increases his speed to 6kmph it appears to meet him at an angle of 45° with the vertical, The speed of the rain is 4) 3kmph 2) 3¥3kmph 3)6 kmph 4) 62kmph A boat moves relative to water with a velocity which is two times less than the river flow velocity. The angle to the stream direction must the boat move to minimise its drifting is 4) 138° 2) 150° 3) 127° 4) 120° 4 particle is moving along a circular path of radius Sm and with uniform speed § mis. The average acceleration when the particle completes half revolution 1) 10 mis? 2) 10x m/s" 3) 10/xm/s* 4)Sixnmist An electric fan has blades of length 30 cm measured from the axis of rotation. if the fan is rotating at 120 rpm, the acceleration of a paint on the tip of blade is, 1) 23.7 mis? 2) 56.5 mis? 3) 47.4 mis? 4) 70 mis? A point P moves in a counter-clockwise direction on a circular path as shown. The movement of P is such thatit sweeps out a length s= +5, where sis in metre and tis in seconds, The radius of the path is 2 cm. The acceleration of P when t = 2s is nearly o 1) 13 mis? 2) 12 mis? 3) 7.2 mise 4) 14 mis? A boy whirls a stone in a horizontal circle 2m above the ground by means of a string 1.25m long, The string breaks and the stone flies off horizontally, striking the ground 10m away. The magnitude of centripetal acceleration during circular motion is 1) 100 mis? 2) 200 mis? 3) 300 mis? 4) 400 mis?@® Brilliant svupy CENTRE LEVEL - Ill 1. An object is thrown horizontally from a point ‘A’ from a tower and hits the ground 3s later at B. The line from ‘#' to ‘B’ makes an angle of 30° with the horizontal. The initial velocity of the object is : (take g= 10 mis?) al é 1) 153m /s 2) 15 mis 3) 10V3m/s 4) 25/V3m/s 2, Two canons installed at the top of a cliff 10m high fire a shot each with speed 5/3 mst at some interval. One canon fires at 60° with horizontal whereas the second fires horizontally. The coordinates of point of collision of shots are L ‘60° I ‘| 1) 345 m, 3m 3. Abody has an initial velocity of ms ' and has an acceleration of 1 ms ~ normal to the direction of the initial velocity. Then its velocity 4s after the start is 4) sW3 m, Sm 1) 7s" along the direction of intial velocity 2) 7ms™ along the normal te the direction of initial velocity 3) 7 ms ' midway between the two directions 4)5 ms" at an angle tan (4) wih the direction of initial velocity 4, Two paper screens A and B are separated by 150m. A bullet pierces A and B. The hole in Bis 15cm below the hole in A. if he bullet is travelling horizontally at the time of hitting A, then the velocity of the bullet at Ais (y=10ms~) 1) 1003s * 2) 200Repeaters 2021-Jee MainiModule-1) 5. A body is projected with velocity v, from the point A as shown fig. At the same time, another body is projected vertically uowards from B with velocity v,. The point B lies vertically below the highest point of first particle. For both the bodies to collide, vp/ v, should be 12 ag 3)0.8 44 6 Aman swimming downstream overcomes a float at 2 point M. After travelling distance D, he turned back and passed the float at a distance of Di2 from the point M. Then the ratio of speed of swimmer with respect to still water to the speed of the river will be 44 2)2 3)4 43 LEVEL -IV Integer type 1. Aballis projected for maximum range with speed 20ms". A boy is located at a distance 25m from point of throwing start run to catch the ball at the time when the ball was projected, Find the speed of the boy so that be can catch the ball (Take g = 10 ms?) 2 A ball is thrown with a velocity whose horizontal component is 12ms" from a point 15m above the ground and 6m away from a vertical wall 18.75 m high in such a way so as just to clear the wall. At what time will itreach the ground? (g = 10ms*) 3. Aparticle P's initially at a distance d = 46m from a fixed point O. The particle P moves with a velocity y=5PO 1 37, Where PO is a unit vector from P to O at any time t. Initially pg is perpendicular to 7 Find the time in seconds after which point P meets point © 4. Apartcle is moving along the x-axis with its coordinate with the time given be x(t) ~ 10+ 8t ~ 3° Another particle is moving the y-axis with its coordinate as @ function of time given by y(t)= 5-81’, Att= 1s, the speed of the second particle as measured in the frame of the first particle is given as Af. Then v (in mis) is 5. The sumof two force j5 and is j such that =P). The angle @ (in degrees) that the resultant of 26 and @ will make with @ is 23