1 The Golden State American eal California “The Golden State. And i's tre thae people for gold eal siperm the they come to se the prot site, the big parks he beauifl desert, the wonderful cast oF B joy Disnesland, hirey million people ko are bigger than California Tes the home af Hollywood and rican film busines ofcompucers and of California. wines. Is long dey summers and wor winters mke ita wonderful place fo grwing ros thing. But 150 years ago it was usta land of deserts and mountains2. The Gold Rush America made California 1850, evo yeas afer winging from Mexico in the Mexican-American War During those two year something important happened in California, Something which sent mea burying asoss wild and Aangeroos country, or on long Journeys by sea, to get there. (On January 24, 1848, nine days before the endl ofthe war, tity six-yeatold James Wilkon Marshall was working om the lands eighty Kilometres east of Suure’'s Fort, hich was ler 0 hecome the city of Sasrarneno. Suddenly he saw something bright and yellow in a river. Looking, more cotefuly he discovered smal pieces of go, washed. down i the river rom the Sieeea ‘Nevada mountains. (On Mateh 15, a San Francisco newspaper, The Californian, cold the story of Marshalls discovery. The news travelled acrots the ‘world, and soon men fom Australia, France, Briain, Germany, China, Mexico, Pera and Hawaii as well as che rest of ‘Ameria, stared the long journey to California. They ll wanted 0 find gold, and to become rich. “They were often called ‘Foxy nines’ beause most of them arrived in 1848, This was the sete ofthe Gold Rus By 1852, chere were more than 109,000 prospectors in Ca Gold mining villages grew on the lower western sides ofthe Sires Gold fens Nevada mountains the Country’ San Tage, busy iy, selling, verything the prospectors and iets nerded. Sailing ships ‘Akaroa 690 arrived and their sailors ran aff to the Gold Counery 0 loo for gold inthe rivers, or to workin che mines. Ships often sailed away From San Francisco with half sheie sailors rising! California was soon a dangerous place to live. These were more than a thousand Lilings in San Francisco ding the carly 1850s, And many of the Forey-ninecs were wild mn who took dings from, and killed the Indians ~the frst Americans By the middle ofthe 1850s, was getting more and more Aitficale ra Find god by prospecting in avers. Most of the gold was under the ground, so miming busineses stared suse bines to get atthe gol ‘Then, in the 1860, people iscovered something new in the ‘ground. They called ic black gold, Irsause it soon made them rch. Iss eal name? Oi In 1869, workers inished building theft ralivay beowoen the ease and the west coasts of Ameria, through the Rocky ‘Moura and she Sierra Nevada mountains. Most ofthe workers ‘were Chinese. They worked ard, avdiffcit and dangerous jobs, for very litle money. Aer they finished te raikeay, journeys ‘of America were from other pa3. San Francisco ‘Aer te cotate Ar5.13.am.on April 18, 1906, there vasa tere carthouake in San Francisco. The earthquake destroyed abou $,000 buildings immediately. Most of the other bilngs inthe ety burned down in che grat fie that followed it 5,000 people died and 300,000 people lst their homes in she ire aad the exetbqueke, ‘Today, the buildings in San Francisco are mach strongec, ‘They are specially buil so that they usually sand up wellin srthqaskes In 1989, when there vex another cuethquake inthe «ity only eleven people died and 1,800 lost their homes. ‘San Francisco sts ona bill between San Francisco Bay and the Pacific Ocean, One ofthe best places to se nearly all ofthe city i from the top of Tin Peale its second and third highest hills ‘Coming into San Francisco by sea, you ener through the Goklen Gate ~ the name Captain John Fremont gave tthe way in tothe ciey’s harbour in 1346, The famous Golden Gate Bridge ‘opened ro rai in May, 1987. [ joins San Francisco to M: ‘County. The bridge was the work fan engince, Joseph Straus, snd bbe and his men bul iin four years today workers need four years to pint it), At 1280 metres {eis one ofthe longost bridges in ‘he world, 100,000 cars eravel ‘crom it every day. Golden Gate Park, berween alton Stree and Linco Way, has ‘beautiful tose and Flowers, and sal les. There are the ‘uscums to vist, and a Japanese ee Garden. Or you si ride 093 horse, go fishing, watch hasehal, for play tennis or gol Fisherman’ Wharf, o Jefferson Sires, is nove 2 toa aren, wth Tile shops and seafood ‘cstaurants, But fishermen stil go ‘ut early every momning and come back in the afternoon with Bh for‘The boat for toriss going to Aleatexa the prison island leaves from Pier 41, Nkatraz was a on between 1934 snd 1963, ‘bur now you cam cour che cell ows Prisoners once named ches call rows after famous America strecs (New York’ Park Aven, ‘Los Angeles” Sunset Boulevard, ‘One prisoner ves Rebore Surosed. He was called the idm of cats becouse he was famous for keeping bids ia is cll. San Francisco ie acy of hille= Nob Hil Telegraph Hil an the ‘ofeen-photogeaphed Lombard Lombard est Seroet which i on Russi Hil, ‘On Auge 1, 1873, the firs San Francie cable car ebimbed ‘op Nob Hil, Andrew Fil enginces fom Scotland who bail i was devingit Soom there were {600 eablecars in the cig but today there are only chin seven. They tavel between Downtoum and Fisherman's Wharf, and Nob Hill and the inancial Dis “There isan cotter inteeetng Cable Car Museum at 1201 Mason Stee. Union Square in the mille of Downtow, is where you ind the higgest shops ~ like Macy's and Soks Fith Avenue ~ andthe hoes ‘Gry Hall, Van Ness Avenue, isone ofthe ciy's mos: beaurifal buildings. twas built in 1915. ‘By 1850 there were about 4,000 Chinese people living in San Francisco, Many mote came ro work in the gold mines, ad to bol the raitway. Tody, people some from Japan, Korea and Vietnam, 28 well 8 China. And tourists ro the part ofthe Gy «alled Chinatown to sce toe ‘eauifal buildings, and to vise fhe Hike shops “The interesting gateway to (Chinatown, with ts dragons sero the top, is at Gant and Bash Sires. San Francitoa is one ofthe ‘pos boautfl itis in che word 501,000 people live her, ut very yea another 2.5 milion4 Parks ori isthe home of some of theoldoseand biggest wecsin the work “The famous gat edwood sess cam be state parks 300 ilomerres north of San Francisco, and US Highway 101 takes you though them Humboldt Redwonds Sate Park ea twenty milion year-old forest. Visitors drive through i fiy-twe kilometre Avenue ofthe Giants to sce some ofthe woes tales redwood ees East of Som Francisco are three of Amersss wordefol National Parks, ‘Yosemite National Park covers more than 1,600 square Kilometres ofthe Sera Nevada mountains, Three million ours ‘sit the par every year Most of them come tose che beaut ‘waterfalls and rocky lif of the Yoromite Valley bas or drive int the valley Yoremie is also «favourite place for elimbing, walking, biyeling and camping. nd in winter, eroe-counrry skiers ski along the wally loo. Souch of Yosemite are she Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Paka These are next ‘each athor and they ace vsnally Vise roger “Tho sequoia toe is another kind of rebaed, not ite tll ‘as thoos in the exdwoods pars, br ery uch fer Te General Shorr Tree in Sequoia Parke’ Giant Fores 31 setees round and 84 metres tal (On the easter side of Sequoia Park is Mount Whieney, 818 smttes high, an the hghes place in California, The General lighway joins Sequoia and Kings Canyon. ‘North of Youemite is Lake Tahoe. Most ofthe Lan! around the lake is private, but thore ate public parks where visitors com ‘enjoy Californias mose eau fl lake, Lake Tahoe it 35 kilometres long and 19 kilonsetres ross, and iris favourite pace foe water spors, hoesetding and walking ~ an in the winter for skiing. The pettiest par ofthe lake sche south-western corner where Emerald Bay State Park meets Fmerald Bay, There ace places to camp, and itisa good place for swimesing and boating.a —______— 5 Highway 1 Highway lis the 643 Kilometre Moneorey Bay sardines were an cozstron frm San Fracico%0 porta snes fo th own Lov Angles runing slong the bing ofthe rents centr. The fa were anne in Canary Row later made fame by wrt, Job Secinbeck in is ook Cannery Row ‘nother famous wit ed in time Rtert Louis Serene hn ott Tremere lend ged ina howe a 30, FV WAAR Houson Street for ones fooe mot ox orvng SSRI is tiornin 157, beside rocky sand Monsey Od whe bashes PRC E | Per Wart “The fire sop for ose sours diving south i Monte Kise ol MA of small shops, and hes restaurant where you can sicand look ou int the harbous toxin of what was ons The beautifel 17-Mile Drive? Aka (Upper) California starts in Pacific Grove, a fxr ‘Once famous for fishing, Illomerre outside Monterey, and —caitorni or oes between cypress treesand Carl o Sam Simcom called along beside the Pacific Occon. Big Sur Here the Sanra Luca ‘mountains meet the rocky coast ofthe Paeiic Ocean. San Simeon is where ere you can watch oxters and sea fons, and hundreds of a bird, before arising at William Randolph Hearst Carmo! Bay. builehis eal, high on a Carmelby-theSea isa Bill above the ea Inthe litle seaside town of saerow 19304, a number of scree fllofcescaurante aad newspaper businesses cio (sometimes expensive) shops stations and evo film sadios (Corme! beach has five white belonged to feast, Armong his snc and pine and eypres tres weekend visitors were some of to sie wee 2 famous film stars of the ‘The film star, ClineEaswood, 1930s and 1940s. Now, was Carmel’s Mayor i the are thousands of people come every 19405, yer see this strange bat The ninety miles of cast from ful building.2) 6 Los Angeles, Lying berween the San Gabriel mountains and the Pacific Ocean, Los Angeles is one ofthe wore’s lanses cites. There are nearly nie million people living i the sity, tnd is more than 10,000 quare kilometres in size. Tae ony way t0 owe around easly by ea. You can say 2 moneh and still no have time tose and do everthing. Assit EI Pueblo de Los Angles State Historie Parkin Dowencown Loe Anges i good place o bein Hete you can se some ofthe Mexican village where COvera Steet isa busy Mexican rmarkeplace with colowfel seals and old slings, ike Avila Adobe, Los Angeles oldest boiling, and che OM Plara Church Juscnarch of here Chinatown where there are exciting and colousful parades during the Chinese New Year. [Nos far away is Lite Toeyoy the cenere of the Japamese- American ara, with more tha, cighty excarans and lots of imerestng shops ‘American fin makers frst came to Los Angeles because the sther was gon all zhrough the yess and beeause Californian workers were cheap. Toray, some of the fl seudios~ Paramount at S555 Melrose Avenue, and Universal at 100 Universal City Plaza, Universal City ~give cn Hollywood Boclevaed has the names of more than 2,500 film stars on stant in the sidewall on ilometre Wak of Fame. ‘And on the sidewalk outside ‘Mano’ Chinese Theater, aleo on Villywood Boulevard, you ea see the hand and footprints oF many fl stars The famous Hollywood sigs upaca Ah ills shove Beachwood Canyon ws pat ap in 192 Ie firs said Hollywoodland 1920, lm stars Mary Pickford and Doulas Firbas bai Pickfair home in every Hills Other sears Soom followed them, Beverly Hills ssl the place to se sore of the citys most beanifal howses and 10s Angeles Zoo, with more tha 2,000 animale For those who bike spore, there is lots a see and do in Loe dens, Near to Beverly Hills, Angeles Bel Airisalso a place where Visi Dodger Stadium and famous people make their homes, wate the Low Angeles Dodgers snd above Bevery Hillis Rodeo play baseball. Drive, famous forts expensive Ac differen imes of the yeas, shops. ‘you ean also see American ‘Ashort dsive away is Gif Park, the USA biggest city park. football, ce hockey, horse racing, and baskecball —catirorntsx [15 There are more than one hundred places to play golf, and thece ate lors of bicycle pas carousel which is almost hundred years old. At Long Beach, you ean visit the famous British ship, the Queen Mary. ‘Anaheim is forty-arce Iellomerres sour east of Dawntowa Los Angeles on the Around Los Angeles ‘The sisty-oor kilomettes of ‘coasts inching Malibu, Santa ‘Monica and Venice Beach is whac Los Angeles people ell "the beach’. artes from all over the world come to Malibu’ Surtrider Beach, Tis often said thar Sanca “Monica isthe place where LA'S people and visitors go to play’ has buty nightlife, and ‘some of Los Angels" finest restaurants I also has one Sanea Ana Freeways and is the home of Diseyland ~ Wale Disney's famous “Mage Kins". Since it opened in 1955, milions ‘af people frm all aver the world have come to enjoy its rides and parades, and to visit Tomorrowland’ Vantasylandy Adventureland’, and all the ‘of the best, piecsin| Qa) Cais, and on itis@=a aes 7 The Desert ast of Los Anges she Mojave Desert. beg i Amelope Valley whese, between ‘March and May, you ca see bunds of California poppies. “The bes: de ovis is betwee Ocioher an eanly May when nots hot Two of the most intresting pares ofthe deer ace the Jost Tree Momument, and Death Valley “Tho Joshua Tree Monument is sat fone lomettes rom Palen Springs fs name cores fers she strangelooking Joshua res which can grow upto eighteen opie tre atey ‘metres high. Thebes place to sce the resae from Key View. Death Valley National Park por iacsame who some othe fats ravellingco the gold elds in 1849 died her. I ofthe ortest and ris plac in the world and covers 8,399 square talometres Geta birds ey view from Dante View whieh 1,750 metres high. On a fine day, ou ean see Mowat Whitney Jobe te which is 137 kilometres away, Dowa in front of you is Badwates, the lowest place in ‘the western half of the earth, Ati lowes, cis neadly rine merres belo the level ‘of the sea, ‘There are places ro camp, at Furnace Creek, also shops. and restaurants, end & Visitor's Cenee where you can tt information about the desert Go to Moorten's Botanical Garden, where you ean see more than 3,008 cactus and other desert flowers, Or vist Palm Springs Tre Aart Tay Desert Museum, ‘When you ger too hot, have a Palm Springs, cast of Los iden the Aerial Tramway tothe Angeles, was oncea quelle top of Mount San Jacinto, tow. Then the film people of ‘The Anra-Rorrego deset, north Hollywood discovered itin the cast of San Diego, is America’s 1930s, and film stats started largest state park. These are more coming here for che winter than 980 kilometres of roads, and Palm Canyon Deive isthe place as many walking paths. The park's forthe best shope and restaurants. Visitor's Contre sat Palm Canyon.215 kilometres south of Los ‘Angeles is San Diego, Californias olde, anc sacond lags, i: I ‘shome ta US naval base, and so many ofthe worlds biggest Fighting ships ‘More than «million people live jin Son Diego adits sunny ‘weather ad 112 kilometees of bbeatifel sandy heaches make ita favourite place for hols ‘The oest part ofthe city = OW! Town ~is about S halomeeres north ofthe ity centre. Here are many old buildings, roscums and are rallies Gas Lamp Quarter wat San Diego's main street ates inthe 18008 Seaport Village, with fies are galleries and sna shops, so the side of the harbour It {is meaner show how the harbourside Tooked a handed years ago The wonderful Balboa Park i im she contre ofthe cv. Here a5 swell as many delightful walks and bicycle pats, are several museums and the San Diego Zoo. You can take a five hloret tour which covers most of 200, or enjoy a bieds-eye view From the Skyfa cial Tramway Which crosses the 200 fifty 100 metres above the ground iw 9 California From the redwood forests in the north down tothe dsc ofthe st; fom the lakes and mowneain in the east the beaches in the wwe there someting for ‘everyone in California ~ Americas Golden State! Come sd ce fo yourselfExercises 'A checking your understanding Pages 1-3. Haw much ca you remember? Chock your ansters 1 Onl ewo states in America er bgace shan California, Which are hey? 2 What dil James Wilson Marshall discover in Califia in 18482 3 Whar dc he people of California el “lac gol 18602 “4 What did workers (aos: of them Chines) nish building in 18693 Rages 4-7 Are these sentonces te () or fale (Bt 1 San Francisco is berween Son Pancico yan the Pacific Osean, 2. The Golden Gate Bridge joins San Franciseo to Akatae- 3. Union Squares where you fin the biggest shop in San France, 4 San Francisco's first cable car was built by an engines From France ages 2-11 Find anttver tothese questions ‘Whereis the “Avera ofthe Giant’ and wht ae the ict’? Wats dhe higher place in California? ‘What was canned in Capneey Row, and who made it anos a book? ‘Who built the castle at San Sincon? 1 a 4 Pages 12-18 Howe much can you romonber? Chock your ansere ‘What's Los Angeles’ oldest balding? ‘What will you fed on Hollywood Boulevard’s Walk of Fane? What will ou fd in Grifch Park? ‘What can you sis at Long Heach? Pages 16-19. Write answers to these questions 1 When ithe Best met vs the Mojave Desert nd why? 2 Palm Springs was ace quie kik coun. Whea di it change, and why? 3 Wha wll you find in Seaport Villge, San Diego? 8 Working with language 1 Complete those sentonos sith information fom de book 150 years ago, California was just a lad of Robert Stroud was called... ocause he was famous for American filnemakers first came eo Lo Angles became ana’s Chinese Theatre you ean se 2 ar shove somences ithe right orden. Check your asus with page 4 1989, when there was another earthquake in the iy, only eleven people died and 1,800 lose their homes Mos: of che other buildings burned down in the fre that followed i (On April 18, 1906, chee was arene earthquake i Son Francisco. “Today the buiklngs in Son Francisco are much stronger 3,000 people died and 300,000 people lost cir homes in the fre and the earthquake, “They ate specially bike so thar they usually stand up wel in earthquakes “The earthquake destroyed 5,000 buildings imenediaely © Activities 11s youe fe Gay in Sam Beanie. What 90 intresting places will you visi frst? Wate abou each of ther. Say why you wat vise dem, 2 Yow have jst visited Yosemite National Park. Write a postcard 404 friend, Soy what yor saw ther Project work Find out about the early days of a iy in your awa country, and write about it. Was there ever an earthquake ora tersble storm? A bad fi as anythig made i famous? What famous people have lived there? Calternta [acExercises act wallety 9 lace where you can see pice AMP SY for short time ssualy FF a holiday) in ent oF desert a 'd not many llwers farhquak® a sudden, sy moving of the prouad af 420% is which you use Sls cle oral, ha row eet ® Ree or taller harbour Place whet ships some into the lang land * OF che wor hat level how h ™ high or low something i Tost past ene of sen amine 4 big hoe inthe grovnd wath po make when they are king fr something tke plo siler anuscum 2 building co kesp Deut ol and interes people ro look ae naval base 4 place where you cs find the ships and silos hat country keeps for war back i cil hi A which ie path a narrow eoad for people 1 akon state studio (il sta} place where Als are made people war a tie of Figg betwee wine a sting drink made from rapes (e kindof frit mh 23205 l