Dunning -Kruger effect

What causes the Dunning-Kruger effect?

Confidence is so highly prized that many people would rather pretend to be smart or skilled than risk
looking inadequate and losing face. Even smart people can be affected by the Dunning-Kruger effect
because having intelligence isn’t the same thing as learning and developing a specific skill. Many
individuals mistakenly believe that their experience and skills in one particular area are transferable to
another.
Why do people fail to recognize their own incompetence?
Many people would describe themselves as above average in intelligence, humor, and a variety of skills.
They can’t accurately judge their own competence, because they lack metacognition, or the ability to
step back and examine oneself objectively. In fact, those who are the least skilled are also the most
likely to overestimate their abilities.