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    23 views29 pages

    Week3Coag&Floc PDF

    Uploaded by

    Najma Hosein

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 29
    9. WATER TREATMENT METHODS 2.4 INTRODUCTION Objectives rf (drinbimg) Weber breatment oure : * transformation of rau water into(eteining) water & bo make water transportable (ne corresion of Pipes, avorcting quality deteriora Eton during tramspoct fo conswmers ) By Famging He Chemical /ovoloqical Compesthion : = packy or entirely removal of constituents _ adding ane (te substamees To improve He raw waker quality many wakor treatment mekRods ave auarlable Fach metRoot Rao ks oon speeval applizalion Proleh or is suitable fo improve one or move quclthy parameters . For cock treatment method, the next aopecks exe Umportant= o theorelvcal background + applications amd. object dveo « techwweal peeformomce R equipment « consbruchion detoilo + opevedion mekhodlo R procedures Treatment methods bo be dscussed aye: e Aeration eo Mcrostraxncng . wlakion ¢ Adsorption /Activated eodeuation carbon + Sedimentation + Softening + bration «Waker conctitconing « Distnfeotion L _7 ~--2 mel ae “conventional more advamceot treakmenk methods Note: Thr ordey to Pincl owt Pa chosew (preposeot) treatment melod lo ePlechve (efreenh), experiments Wik that parchoulan(ron) Waker SRowd be exeeuteocl on : — Laboratory scale ( beaker /ar teots) — pile aml: scale (="minvahure Lamb") 24 COAGULATION ca INTRODUCTION Ractiol problems Un prachice small colloidal parhicles wueh cause bunbvctiby are very APecult fb vemove boy seomentation act fillvathion LOUL regavd b Sedimentahion ve make Me followma remarks: Colloidal particles fave : & Small diameter X Seas, movement ad, 1 0, = Sedhimontalkion rae to Small, $0 "Ur f P | desmall — bales a. lol of Eime to sobtte” Us Pp a Brownian: collisions betwen parkeles ama water LS mor eee is important) we is im) Ug-2ag brown ® Gos, So, nek average result ts no displacement Colloictad parhidlen + surface charge POF tant a) ag . CO a (24 salar eo) Cflen negative Large resubt: stable colloidal "sebubion" (dispersion) 00 biting ! | To remove Have colloidal powh'cheo by Seinteliahion onnct lor RDbration, enlaeging f f Hem ‘vo Necenmary « 4. remove repudsive surfoce charge (oesmainizqtion) improvement of capabilty to shrek togeker. ; 2 move Re parhicle teach ober & privide collrsions, offer which, acglomerahion Calon péoee. The removal. of Ho (mostly regahie) surface CRamge com be achisved by chamicalo (often poscltudly cRewopcl specieo/tons ap 2.9, Q0**) @ co id @ CoRR. parbele. eb sete . Co. particke anes af ads. Gattis mecioue C0 30H > fees Oreo ae H,0-8 OW+ Hee L aie. a ~ pill drop hoc mst Vee wiz to cRide ,un order te Caen foe ran te wen foto in 0 Ben snr fides macro Pe + Le gz cD Ppt c> a pier 20; > ogechon 9 Ginmon slope | ma > -——_| water eS LoceoLRTION) fe [e RSF > Rapid mixer Seliter jie — wo es,) Ce ut Eroiconpantag Canes petted Opplicatcon coagulation in wabyr treatment and ckjpoties Removal of: _ turbiclity (suspenciict matter’) SE tic ~ colour (org. matter) 5 - Pog 5F — heavy metals oe Bee oe and other impurcbies tn smaller quamhitien + — Some peohicicles — miro orgpunioms Cofepes ncbenin, irwoee) Congudahion = MULTI PURPOSE TECHNIQUE | l DESTABILIZATION Coaglamss and PRocoulatior nn Qucls most common fPlacculants: +» QL, (SOu), (dlum") o Fe (Sous (“copper ash") © Fells + pelselecbrlifes flocculation ads for bigger caeae cordaal flocs inorganic =e. bentonite, faolinite ,ackureol swica orcgtne natural — 2 Starch -derivates * ongune . . anionic» phiyperylie acch Syathehc ~nononic @ pelyacrylamcde te Ft dso ‘ ard eakrowi chin ol een inet + eat eS OS polymer chain with changes = [Ha- CH pH! R-NER R Some _deotabiliration mechanisms Survey (4. etrotrestabic coagudahion )—~ Beeastla sfmere 1. adsorptive coagwWation Cy — Fe ano 02 species + = pelyelictrotytes 3. Precepiation (“Sweep coagulation") the potential af the plane of shear G~ 2p = 2eko potential = electro Binelve potewtual ° —~ elistance (1) makhewakic expresston for the alcffuse layer: et Enz? fey. ano Vac Zezt aT e= charegop the election f= number tons per mo 2 = Valemce counter ions La okceleckree constant R Boltzmann's constant T= absolute temperature 1 = distance eG f we dom. mebal salts to the waler, tle mebal- tons Will pomrotrate Fhe clouble layer anc neutralize the negrtwe chase of the particles. hence He Zp decreases. If enough sat is acted ,the 2p can be rere and there cs no moue- ment. in the formula: K-ualue higher —» W lower Ofker ramovad the eleckrie charge the repeblsing forces donlt eich ,and after collision of the particles agglomeration & posscble. Reobostahc coagultion is of menor importance in the Baker treatment ,but gives nevertheless a good Ulusvation of the Plysical phenomena involved We Can measure the Zp : b & lectrophovetic valocity : ae = PERE eleotrophovests > f See fx form factor in stead of 2p Le usually measure : “ctectrophortie mobility” € dosage" > ans*], Adsorphwe congulattion Ue Fe Sttuotion tn pure water after adelcng Fe,(80,), t pure Uater,we axe dealing uch the follaoong aquilrbrium reactions :are running + Fe: 0) 692 [Fe (1,0) 08] [re (1,0), con] * 6 recap) scon | [rec.o, cou] nul mr micro Contortacng muck interstikad water) mo proce Stde reaction (nob reversa£l)= ae ss + 2[reca.0), 0%] + [e009 reBoreca.09,] 4 sont # J dimer sy 2+ + [o%p004FecGore cago 42H 4 Srccagk Wa side reachions above reachions Gaol. fo an equilibrium sitwaliin: S'molfefe = shmele Note: analogous sctuahion oPler aerahion of Fe- containg, groundwater, &m case of QL: asongor? fursj0,097 —— [awnoro,)" [uaernd’ fantom som, —» Plocs ong 10‘molfe Qe= 29m9/e Situation. in burbiel water Mono nuclear complexes ove Supposect fo be Me achve Specizo to adsorb on He surface of Fhe Coll. particle se Be specues . / from te acksorbedt nuclei floc ave growing, hole: -— rentabdizahion ak bai om cho sageo ax i possible (inorease, of eorbichy) Offtor dasase of coaswlom fant amet imtonsur. agcbahion (rapich mixing) is neectect , bo: ~ disvibule Ke acksorbing species qucchy over all coPlortal porkcleo amd & prevent Re cide-reachione why Yield Uoelere prootacte Coraote ) — prevmt local reatebDizahon reduckion mori Consequaneas f Tepid moxing ¥ Gime ; sraller Ren CHEAPER more, imstamtameous oargy imput needa more sorhaiticatedl 2qusipmenk Nore CxeENsivE Preciprtation ("sweep coagulahin” ) Qn cher medanism is posstble = tickets Coched dn He = Ion Groin Fe- ZFefots \ ee ; flerifelins behsmm Zp © opposite Charce Wilts veopect to Hee partcle short chains O - CE dostabi zation Zp xo (a) Low fonte strength. Refdgtng prevented by electrical repuleton (b) High fonte strength. Bridging across the effective repulsion distance. The “electrostatic patch" wodel. Chain length omcl number of charges ave imporbamdt [ mobility 1 L (ums eri) Efféct of cationic polyners on the electrophoretic sobiiity of negative latex particles. Gess number of charges « destabilization 44.0—> GS + Ploc. Rormation ONS _ of brie formation restabuiizak ton Cless alloidal particles ) a, => SE Fethabbirakion (excess pebymer) Jrd-.0 = “SE festabization Ceo much agibabion) CP = © floc frocture @ oppositz amd even equal Baugeck potyelectrotisbes Com coum Pocelahion due f adsorption amd. lorvgole formation. Congubotion with mekal salts -+ ply electrolytes best results f Ca polymer cs dosed afer dosina, of He coagulams, (02-80,);) Cee potyaleclvolyte as* —e polyelachrbyterare more expanse hon 02,04), eke. begger amd strongee Plocs Polyelechwliste usedt ao coagulant and for Pocolamt anil 2:38 ©) adsorptive deotaltisation LP arena fer "9 atop occuring Simubtaneousty” Sum clomenamee + anon) — ellotd cone ~ Coogulamt cone €) Stomp coaqulakion /boprecipubabion wa A Ya +t heh turd. 0: © jsrek Jn 25+ f Six igh Gas* f Samepcon, call NS CoH) Poe SS enmaohmemt FLOCCULATION Meanism move He particles CmvcroPloce) to Aue each oer, offer wbxch agglomeration fo macro floc taker place « [:] [> [&d ea les parts les Brownvan movement (‘perttunedvc Plocewlation’) w not Suffecconk for a. reasonable rake oP Moccuberkion —r arkificil increase oP uebocily of particle needed Corlbo Rinekic. Plocoulabion"), accomphoked by agitation [eurvulence /or general : energy unput Oguation turbulence (ncreasen > ~ CRamer of coblidsi Corossing, paleo op mca floor) = tinshic enon: mcr flocs Cuncreanes wd packcles) copeng, “ackvalian"enmegy barrer afheokivily af Codeston ag itabion a shorning, {ko | toater (fois ‘Utself (Byychroubscatty) Th general: + temperahure feec formation role = f Goro pub sConbao! kine, oc concent) But = to muck enorge, cnpub couses Ploc Prockure — eapecinils wi case of Carper, toeak flocs — , 0 ewe io am optimum for enargy input (+ contact cme) Bente Picts Cow'r Exou Resin ? Eneray Uaput to usually expreared a0 velocity grociont E = Cet pewercipat Cs-17 ~vok — \ vuscosi Flocewlator - T) Tmporbamt pavamekws fo characterize te loceulaton proces: G,GE ant GEC Gxt) ALL flocs shoulol Cave He same contact time for on equal floc st2e (means: plug flor») 2.4.1 Stepwise decreace of emergy input (6- value) durwig He growl. of ffoce im He eocculator. (Tapered FueccousTion) im cae fa Skorredt ,comparteol Poceulator: decrease of rotational speed DD 2 iia) ir aur | t= 2omn . W expertments owe neectect = pitiekn) ad oF Sages: 1. 2 Fs pee Ot compounas 3 en an. Promss conditions; pu LBs = canon dosage. [econ od = = stofrogs Speed — méxtng, ee tome offer sectinnmabata the komt examined by Bent ne F Poss iy parole Duke : range Fe 55~ 9 a > + 3 —-pH diterminakion of the oplimal dose ( possible for lab.conditions, 3 a guictelcne for full scale operations, ” des Gn Purposes use test of Ne adjustment dosage due to rao water quat.ty [egtinat check plant performam: Mixine/ FLOCCOLATION sepinentation DESTHBILIZATION APPLICATIONS Opplication coagulation in wabur treatment and ckpoties Femoval of: — burbiclity (sus pendtect matter) ~ colour (org. matter) ~ Poe FO — heavy metals and other impurcties : Tnergenes Nut Chloride C1") Sulphate (SUP) Horde Fe 10 cosyulant used + Copper (Cur Zine (Zny Cobslt (Cor Nickel (Nid Vanadium (V) Arsenic (As) Cadnvium (Coy Chromium (Crs Lead (Pb) Selenium (Sey Meteury Hg) Barivm (Ba) snide (CR Organs Colour tmyT Pap Odour COD War -TOC (CY BOD (0) Wb) KycldaT NT Phenols (C.H,OH) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Total pesticides {Parathion, BHC, Dieldrin) urlactants feasting with methyl BIUE, WlucroOrganivnn ——wituses Bacteria Algse ++ a4 Ast + AST? +t ttt Crt tht otet +39? 4 Aas It + Oded Hose sages 44 One aly Asal + a 444 +44 44 EQuiPHeNT Feed axrougemonk for coagubonts rearonareo asker 10 seratow ‘AwumsocutiON (54 pvc rire coustat _ | tevec box Sight Tube 1Onen Yat Mounted Sighttude fastaliation. Rapid mixing devites . hydraulically, MU

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