24 SEDIMENTATION INTRODUCTION Princeple Sedryg takin = Separabion mebBool for removal sunpemdect porkicleo from water fee ~ TT Supernatomt = clear elf Sepacakion s baved entke, cifPovence in domstty bobwreew the tro phasea : Rparticte 7 Rurater Be Qparticte < finter partolea goup “ FLOTATION” Defenibioas (other sepasakion met tool) The partite concentration and nakure chipulate Ee bype oPsettQong. paritele concentratcon : “o™ in C9 partacle higher conantration om a s5qr] go v FE ey HINDERED Simplest case retardlabion of setbQring velocity due to: _ frockions apoards waterflow — collesions with other pacticles (sre ee aes@ 40 0 «0 eee cole ——~ OVO CR before and opler sedimentahon aggfor the Some disring 3 ies nt + 0°? DISCRETE ° l ° velotily = constamt during FLOCCULANT ‘the fall > time t —> tim > Yee of mraand ee A 152 seals ee, orf tte amibale Coronet) PLAIN) SeDMEUTATION Rowakakon’ —} combinations : e.g. Rendered. ,Plocoulamb sebtecng PossdoleTEE Modeo on ~ gy batch < _whortzontal feos" contin ously S = plois Slowly Rousing through a basin I i jie 7x iS e | af) |B I stogrant water HorRowTaL vearicaL Qpplicotions (im WS) matn okjeckives: 4 (gawtial removal of settleable (flocculent) Suspended matter from water. A placn sedmentatvon raw water \ Crats water rerervocr, channel ) Congulbteck water 4 parting dacaboreng oP sBuckge (“ehickening’) Femoued, unterstrtcal Water reduced volume bi Continueol sekt hing need dolditional cokume for thickening at the bottom Lowey SKurreng in the sludge promotes cawoatervic!THEORETICAL BACKGROUND Determination of settling velocity (s) Tf. ue should deoign a. Sedimentation basin we axe rutevecteat bo note tha SektOong velocity of owe parkiles Furst we thunk of catcuration ! Most simple MODEL és the "one particle” subwation (cuisorebe sottbeng ) F upward. force = V&5-hw) Prom forces balance : Fovictione (sent coh Fup + Renichion = Sgrevicly Priction= phove + foo ors Spe As* Tobie 21 Settling avalysis for a suspension of disc cfu | afoul os | o |= wor} | «| | > |o o|s at 89 0.695 9.863 | a.3hT 0.232 | 017k | 109 n/zes ef Jo fol ofa | w]e fm 100 Cf) 100 6 3B ” ae 9 T * 1 = %)p | . oo] pa xion% © seh asm Lo eal tedepth 125m. r 2a . ol 0 Os 10 15x10~3 falta ean €83 mise calevlata fron the data of table 2.1. <— for Discrete settting afl measurements on one Curve (His not important) —s +f all poo Aisorebe or: if points on one cune, ——> es Note : tn stead of tabling about parkele sites Oe ure sebting rades!!!! -outils co fe eet ccaber Sok Geghl eig,) mp c= 72) Jo i 4 ss} é --fee}--fot- > cy, =f) ee] fet] 4 Be 5 [eI Pie] he iol t y te a Surmmatkion f concentration in Concent raion ak dap R,: cans | at corkauih Gime 7” . Ce= E CQ a met * * - nobice + sCenlont sets ill for tang, height 1 + or, same cnformation plotted Qtle : = NY £0 ted y f c= flk,t) H ey Betas y ogs[edt, and ra St = eemowt ako 6 CoDiscrete settling (S=constant) Rek us consider a. BATCH situation With 3 typeo of pacheleo Wilk, iffiwewk Satidiing rates (sizes!) Troxactly t-T aL parhiche 8 are gust Bktted hoon. wo Siuahion ao above , Uustead of time-axis > Comsh of bank, Gertes of subsequont Gants’)248 Horczontal Plows (reckamqutar tank ) Combination of two veloedties (vectors) . Panett no osturbamce —> straight path. g > OT CerriuewT) Qe lowes the formula an otter deftnitvon to: Sha surface ead = & Cte] BL So: S= Q@ = SL particles < S > So ave completely removed 3 < So proportional removal S:S0,EQUIPMENT Horczonto2 Row installation Thbroduction * = dug sotthing base %& tombs o me none * Cconerete , masonry ) kK vertreol walls (sith protective lining tao performances of tam hs Por horcaonta Moro: . Veckamaubor 2 corcularcoreutax tank! CD contretfeed peripheral feedSome feokures influent effluent sludge Baffles to protect sludge deposits against scouring.Sludge removal Rsclraulical by grouity during operation : oo “an V\ Bightly Slopet bottom ¢ Cefeckive Luding down Steclge pocket deen wand, occur) \ jot bashing , ovterm beomkey Quambctivo) , WEL Scrapers meckaniont: ES | EE Sse endless chasin rotabing scraper B rokabing bruce OUR scrapers (or Suphono) Fervad from bomk Gimple sofuhion ) % tnecol opening valve CsRoeke, pudsahions ) , VS Cdisturbs Re ongoing an Seah . proano’) * Sucking pump /syphen )Vactica ow Cup-Koo Sludge lawat carifiae for Plocoulent sokbeing : gate merahon pie tesco ( floccus abion)) rasan but: | rere fuga ot dlombok of eich posthon tm coca of. varahono oPDESIEN_AS PECTS Factors hick aPfeot Be PerPormamce 2fPecuency c.-C. The performance efficiency ( in terms of removal ratio = —2—%F in mainly depends on: @ size, shape, mass density of the suspended matter ( resulting in a cumulative frequency distribution of the settling velocities s J , which can be determined during a settling test); @ concentration and characteristics (discrete/ Mocculent) of the suspended matter; @ temperature of the water; (@,°7 ) 5 @ surface area of the settling tank: A [m’ @ the hydraulic flow Q [=| through the tank: @ the depth H [m] of the Basin: @ the retention time T [sed] of the water in the tank T= Dis See es ays © the type of the flow: horizontal Now vertical flow ( upflow) + Plow paktorn ent: No Short cuircurting cross crrculadtion , botom scour amd 20en olishr’bukon (ackieved. by approprrate in anc outlet Grange ments efficient ure of bamk volume.)Veqawdling. He Plo pattern mn He bank the folloving factors cam be monkionect : =the type and load of inlet and outlet structures; R ~ the degree of turbulence (Reynolds' Number Re); Reade 4 the degree of stability (short-circuiting, characterized R, H by the Froude Number Fr); awryy, y © YR @+2H Soe yams dee fe 9Ru ~ shape of the tanks: ~ presence of wind, sunshine (density currents), fluctuations of flow, type and dimensions of sludge removal devices and other disturbing factors. Rubles of thumb for design of rwotamquiae tama for Ronieontad Pow toachieve Piviency Lremoual ruc : 89-90% ra off iorer Cerone mae: $8-o0%) « ¥= 46-3602) Seclimentation , Withows pre tveakmemt } coagulatest water (- 30%” Lower Lonvine —> Less TRgiD EFFLUEWT « Safe loat (Yor) or 1 PYed de Fegular removal of Suolge Ux/ueek of less Prequonly —f-- Sludge deposit a Re < 2000 F >> F< umSome constotoralions regaurcing Rove, Rows type & Rortrontal or veckical [ors ? ducrete __» fonizontal — for Regheot peremance 7 “pawhioten (some surface Teboahion Gime proper operahion) » ON kt = Verhicad swore reg — poston of Combet depemclo on floro,T UP Fipte: ama SS (ohifPicult bo conbroe), — pulsakion com be applizcl fo Umpreve * Shape? Roceulahion « HorieonTal FioW: ciraar or rectangular? veRmicnt FLOW + — CireWlar Famke are mortly cheaper, Conspube of expensive cur mouldte — carculer Fanho are more atkrachve for mechanical Pudge rempuol (iin cane f Gugh Sade Loacing) — ovalabke area , — preferomce of He deoigner, Nove: Sent, plank _ ar bomb, (movanad removal ) Cercwlar , veckamanlan 7 Square mosté, cirewlar because. : = Croter sPudge removal, — more Stmphe" skurring Lewnicen Poraebee . “STH&k amd cutet arramqments 1 ° Sy long set ing distamce. top’ denkifitakion of WAN “17 gigemam comtevacting fgg pt © 1-H ~ sate settee obistance “ ~ Whiting up sluctge ) yt more equal alsin’ bution Of mer ent te center Tnprovemonts c x “uniform” chotribubion over oil amc cept: * preventing picking-up of setttaol maternal « inte ae # prevenhion f dusturbing Ba toater Plors : Sepawahion inlet —tank wU% pactision o chambre ( SUbing Well)Inlet arrangements Outlet arrangements Rorvzentad posuiioning (Lvelbing) of Ke veur creat Cs Important Comat: metal V-noteRect strip) some Wmen Wall OUR drvOledTILTED PLATE AND TO&E SETTLERS @) horizontal Row Compartimentation tdea. + Some sedimentation rode £@ Smaller depth. Q % _ i ee advamtage : Smaller volume (ayer) needect or capacity imerease (rebabWibadion oP Ponta ) suuote Multiple-tray settling tank sludge removal is a. problem —> Slopedt plates (stalling sludge ) angle 40-60" Tilted plate settling tanktWbed plates ( voriour materado) eat packed babes Gmactule”) bundle. op popes mostly PV.C diffe sag Module for tube settler Surface loasking up & 20 [rma] @) veckscat Plots ( up-flos) | / te s.unae DISCHARGE reo Lares ‘on MODULES Tilted plate settling tank