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    26 views10 pages

    Week4HydraulicConsiderations PDF

    Uploaded by

    Najma Hosein

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 10
    Water Treatment Principles and Design Tt SVE JAMES M. MONTGOMERY, CONSULTING ENGINEERS, INC. A Wiley-lorerclence Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS New York Chichester + Drisbane Toronto Singopore Copyih 198 yJtn Wiy & Sons, A gee, Pied smsonty i Coad eyo o Uansationo aty pat f hs ware eon tt pert Seton 1 oe 10 the The Une Sites Caprst Ac wou te persion te copy une sel Regrst or ‘he Pemstns Depart Wiy & Sons Ins {ier of Corres Coaoig Patton Do “A Wie nersence pase Insets ma ine Pier Rato, We etme pa Doignand seston Jones A ower, (Costing Eager BoNowmionaa Since the majority of teatment processes ae une: ‘nally dependent on bydrauie factors, hydraulic snalsis sam integral part of process design, Water entering and leaving each process unit must be care- filly controlled provide optimum hydranicefi- ciency for treatment. In & Broad sense, plant by- Araulies is concerned with the ow charseteristios in al treatment units, connecting conduits, and plant emergency overfiow controls. There should ‘be no dispute that in a process tain, any low hy- rac treatment efficiency or contro val uk ‘ately affect the overaleficieney ofthe total pro- ces, Icis therefore the objective of this chapter to ‘ress those hydraulic problem areas sich 36 rapid ‘ming, flow distribution, currets and short crea ing, special hydraulic head losses, and longitudinal dispersion, RAPID MIXING ‘Rapid mixing (or nit mixin), which provides the complete homogenization of coagulation chemicals ‘withthe plant iafuent stream tbe treated soem ‘equred upstream ofthe focculaton proces, This set Special Plant Hydraulic Topics type of mixing may also be required tor asiatoction processes. The inital stag ofthe eougulation pro- Sess in Water treuiment consists primarily of 0 ‘mechanisms: (1) adsorption of the soluble hydroly- sis species on the colloid and (2) destabilization or ‘Sweep coagulation where the colloid is entrapped within the precipitating metal hydroxide. Detailed coagulation kinetics were discussed in Chapter 6. Unlike the localation process, which requires gen: tle mixing for a relatively long detention time 0 promote particle aglomeraton resulting ftom inter Particle collision, ropid mixing must be completed within few seconds (Sank, 1978; O'Mels, 1972; Haha and Sturm, 1968; Letterman et el, 1973). Presently, the standard design guidelines are Dased on the study reported by Camp and Stein (1983) snd adopted by the water industry (ASCE, AWWA, and CSSE, 1969). The equation used 10

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