(No Model.) 2 Sheets—Sheet 1 8. K, HUMPHREY. WINDMILL. No. 603,905 Patented May 10, 1898.2 Sheots—Sheet 2 (Wo Model.) g, K. HUMPHREY. WINDMILL. No. 603,905 Patented May 10, 1898. WITNESSES aaron10 15 20 30. 35 40 4s 50 UnrITED STATES PaTENT OFFICE. SETH K. HUMPHREY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS. WINDMILL. SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 603,005, dated May 10, 1898. Applcetion fled Angus! 28,1897, otal No, 649,880, le modal) To all whom it may concern: Be it known that I, Stu K, HuaParey, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of, Massachusetts, have invented a new and Im- proved Windmill, of which the following is a fall, clear, and exact description. ‘My invention relates to an improvement in windmills of that kind which comprise a se- ries of feathering vanes rotating abouta hori- zontal shaft and rotating upon horizontal Journals fixed to the vanes. ‘This invention is an improvement upon the device shown in Letters Patent No. 531,038, granted to me December 18, 1894. ‘The invention consists in mounting the vanes upon a rotating frame and connecting thom by means of crank-arms attached to the vane-shafts with an eccentric which is ro- tated about the main shaft in such a manner that the vanes will be rotated upon their shafts at one-half the speed of the rotation about the main shaft. ‘The invention also comprises certain means | by which the angular position of the eccen- trie may be changed so as to throw the vanes into an inoperative position, thasstopping the mill. ‘The invention further consists of certain constructions which will be hereinafter par- ticularly pointed out and claimed. Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a partof this specification, in which similar characters of reference indi- cate corresponding parts in all tho viows. Figure 1 js a front elevation, partly in see- tion, of the windmill with one of the vanes removed. Fig. 2isasectional end elevation on the line 2 2 in Fig, 1, and Fig, 3is. sectional end elevation on the line 33 in Fig. 1. In the drawings, O represents the support- ing-framework carrying the windmill. This, framework may be of any suitable construc- tion and is fixed so that it may not be turned upon an axis to face the mill in different di- rections. Itis builtsso that the windmill will face in the direction of the most prevalent winds and is not thereafter shifted. A mill constructed on the principle of the present mill will run advantageously with the wind varying considerably from the direction to- ward which the mill faces. Upon the upper part of the frame C is jour- naled horizontal shaft A. ‘This shatt is journaled at cach end thereof in bearings in the frame ©, and outside its journals said shaft is provided with a pulley A’ or any othersuitableeonnection by which power may ‘bocommunicated tothe pointdesired. Upon the shaft A and within the frame C are placed spiders B’, which ave secured to rotate with ‘the shaft and are provided with sockets to re- ceive the arms B, carrying the vanes. Thave herein shown only fotir such arms, which or- dinarily will be found sufficiont. “More arms may be used if at any time desired. ‘The mill will, however, work’ satisfactorily with a less nuniber of arms, two being the least which will give satisfactory results, ‘Upon the outer ends of the arms B are piv- oted the shafts) of the vanesb’. Thesoshatts and the vanes are pivoted in such a manner ‘that the vanes may rotate within the frame formed by the arms B and spiders B’. Upon ‘one end of the shafts } are fixed erank-arms ‘f, which are so fixed with reference to the po- | sition of the vane that they are all at differ- ent angles, the arms upon the consecutive vanes varying forty-five degrees from each other. AS a result of this the erank-arms f are parallel at all times, as will be seen by examining Fig.2. As a greater or less num- of vanes are used the variation in the po- sition of the arms f will correspondingly dif- fer, being less if there are more arms and greater if there are less arms. ‘The body of the vanes may be made of canvas, wood, | metal, or any suitable material | One of the spiders B’ is formed with a bevel-gear D upon the outer surface thereof. ‘This spider and gear are preferably made in one piece, although they may be made sepa- rate, if desired. ‘The frame C is. provided with a goar-wheel D’ of the same size as and placed exactly opposite the gear-whoel D. ‘The gear-wheel D’, which is fixed to the frame, is mounted upon a center, so that it may be rotated through an angle of ninety degrees, In the drawings this eentor is shown as pro- vided with Ings d, hooking over the inner edge of the ring which constitutes the whee) nis holds the wheel in place and permits i oscillation, To limit the oscillation of the wheel, it is provided with a stop or lug g, adapted to engage two of the adjacent lugs d. 55 60 65 10 15 Bo 85 9° 9515 25 30 35 40 50. 60 2 ‘Phe xing forming the wheel D’ is provided with oppositely-extending arms G, which at either end are provided with cords G’and G or other suitable eonneeting means by which the wheol may be oscillated from a distance. Mounted upon the shaft A between the gears D and D’ is a casting E. As shown in the drawings, this casting is in skeleton form and consists of a triangular-shaped frame having a pivoting-journal surrounding the shaft A. ‘This forms, in effect, an eccentric of large throw. At the corners of the trian- gle-are mounted rollers ¢, which are flanged or grooved, so that the ring F, whieh sur- rounds the same, will be held in'place there- on, thisring F constituting an eccentric-strap. Suid ring is connected by means of the bars F' with the erank-pins “upon the outer ends | of the cranks f. The frame E.carries a bevel- pinion D?, which meshes with both of the gears D and D'. As the frame B, carrying the windmill-vanes, rotates upon its axis the gear D, mounted thereon, will rotate the bevel- pinion Di, and the frame B, carrying this pinion, will travel about the shaft A at a ‘Speed équal to one-half the speed of the wind mill. In consequence of this the vanes will bbe turned upon their axes once while they make two revolutions about the central shaft ‘A. The eccentricity of the frame should be equal to the throw of the eranks f: "The normal position of the vanes when at worl will be that shown by full lines in Fig. 2. In this view the upper vane is verti While the two vanes on a level with the shaft Aare at an angle of forty-five degrees, and. the lower vano is horizontal. ‘The mili thus be able to work with the wind blowing inither direction. ‘The two middle vanes Will be acted upon by the deflection of the air, s0 as to rotate the wheel in the same di- rection as that eaused by the wind-pressure upon the upper vanes. “The vanes will also ‘bo operated even if the wind varies consider- ably from adirect frontwind. This variation may beas much as sixty degrees to either side of the center. ‘The mill will also be rotated equally well with the wind from the front or rear, but in opposite direction, so that the mill is capable of operation bya wind coming from any point within one hundred and twenty degrees on either side of the mill. A wind which comes from a quartering diree- tion will act upon the vanes by deflection, so as to rotate it, although with not quite as much force as it would were it from a front or rear direction. In view of this fact it is thought desirable to make the supports sta- tionary, and thus avoid the complications due to totating the mill, s0 as to face in the direction of the wind. In onder to throw the mill out of operation, the gear D’ is rotated upon its bearings through an are of ninety degrees. This is done bymeans of the cords Gand. If the gear D’ be rotated upon its center, it will act upon the pinion D® to carry it along with the 603,005, | gear-D’. This will result in shifting the ec- centric ‘through an angle of forty-five de- grees, which will throw the vanes into the position shown by dotted lines in Fig. 2. It this position ono of the middle vanes is hor zontal and the other vertical, while the top ‘and bottom vanes are at an angle of forty- five degrees, extending in opposite directions. As a consequence the wind will have no turn- ing effect upon the wheel. In case it is de- sired to place all of the vanes horizontal this may be accomplished by releasing the cranks f irom the rods 7’, connecting them with the ‘eccentric and locking the vanes to some fixed point of support. | “The frame of the eccentric shown herewith is one which is cheap in construction, eannot easily get out of order, and causes very little friction. ‘The method of operating the vanes herein shown is much simpler, and the vanes are stronger and less liable to get out of order than described and shown in my previous patent. Experience hasshown that the winds in any locality, through at least eighty-five per cent. of the time, are within the working range of a windmill of this sort. It is there- fore thought unnecessary to ‘provide any means of shifting the windmill so as to face the wind. Having thas described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent— 1._A windmill having a main horizontal shat, fixed bearings for said shaft, arms ried on said shaft, vanes carried by said arms ‘on horizontal journals, erank-arms fixed to the vane-journals, an eccentric mounted to rotate about the main shaft at one-half the speed thereof, a strap surrounding said ec- centric, and connections from said strap to the erank-arms upon the main journals, sub- stantially as deseribed. 2, A windmill having a main horizontal shaft, fixed bearings for said shaft, arms car- ried on said shaft, vanes carried by said arms on horizontal journals, erank-arins fixed to the vane-journials, an eccentric mounted to rotate about the main shaft at one-half the speed thereof, a strap surrounding said ec- centric, connections from said strap to the crank-arms upon the vane- journals, and means for shifting the angular position of the said eccentric to throw the vanes into an in- operative position, substantiallyasdeseribed. 3. A feathering device for windmills of the class herein described, comprising a frame pivoted concentric with the windmill-shaft and carrying three or more rollers, said roll- ers being tangent to a circumscribed eccentric frcle, a ring surrounding said rollers, con- nections from said ring to the vanes for oscil- lating them, a bevel-gear attached to the wheel-shaft, and a similar wheel fixed to the mill-supports and facing the first-named wheel, and a bevel-pinion carried by the ec- centrie-frame and engaging both gears, sub- stantially as described. 70 75 80 85 9° 95 105 125, 130603,905 8 4, A feathering device for windmills of the class herein described, comprising a frame pivoted eecentric to the windmill-shaft and carrying three or more rollers, said rollers be- 5 ing tangent to a cireumseribed eccentric eir- le, a ring surrounding said rollers, connee- tions from said ring to the vanes for oseillat- ing them, a bevel-gear attached to the wheel- shaft and a similar gear fixed to the supports ro and facing the first gear, said latter gear be- ing adapted: to have a limited oscillation, arms connected thereto, cords or similar con~ nections from said arms for operating them from a distance, and a bevel-pinion carried by the cccentric-framo and engaging both rs gears, substantially as deseribed. SETH K. HUMPHREY. Witnesses: ‘Francis Lens, Grace A. Danton.