PORTABLE ARDUINO BASED MONITORING SYSTEM AND NOTIFICATION

DEVICE FOR AIR POLLUTION VIA GSM MODULE

PRINCESS ZAMANTHA M. AREALLANO

NICOLE PRINCESS B. MONSANTO
ANGEL GRACE S. LACUESTA

A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF

VALENCIA NATIONAL HIGHSCHOOL VALENCIA CITY BUKIDNON
IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT IN RESEARCH III
(SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY)

MR. JESS D. TAMAGOS

RESEARCH III TEACHER

SPECIAL SCIENCE PROGRAM

VALENCIA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
VALENCIA CITY

JANUARY 2020
 INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Air pollution is a major concern of new civilized world, it is a combination of

natural and man-made substances in the air which we breathe, it happens when chemicals,

particulates, or biological materials are introduce in the environment which has a serious

toxicological impact on the environment and other living organisms. According to

Nathanson (2020) it has been estimated that if carbon dioxide levels are not reduced,

average global air temperatures may rise another 4 °C (7.2 °F) by the end of the 21st

century, nevertheless, proper combustion along with appropriate air pollution control

devices can reduce emissions of these substances to acceptable levels.

Technology has helped many businesses succeed, to save money, energy, and time,

somehow this can be the knowledge of technologies, processes and the like, or it can be

embedded into machines to enable activity. Monitoring systems are used by controlling the

technology used by either hardware, networks, and communications, operating systems or

application, it is used in monitoring the flow of work through the system in which only a

piece of the information that should be monitored on a daily basis. Notification system

provides a means of delivering messages with information of such system, it’s an

information technology with a combination software and hardware.

The arduino based monitoring system and notification device is an embedded

system which operates by monitoring the air quality, the sensors focuses on the five

components of the outdoor air pollutants which is the ozone, nitrous oxide, carbon

monoxide, and dust from particulate matter. This works as it monitors the components and
will send notifications using the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), the

arduino based monitoring system and notification device addresses the problem on the

society to avoid air pollution, it tells us if a certain place is over populated. With the

availability of the materials needed to produce the arduino based moitoring system and

notification device, this will be assembled and shows how the device monitors the air

quality.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to develop an arduino based monitoring system and notification

device for air pollution.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. How to produce an arduino based monitoring system and notification device for

air pollution?

2. How to assess the quality of the arduino based monitoring system and

notification device for air pollution in terms of ;

a. accuracy of identification?

b. time/interval in detecting the pollutants from the air?

c. efficiency of sending information from the device? and

3. Is there a significant difference between the autonomous arduino based

monitoring system and notification device for air pollution to the commercial air

pollution detector.
 Objectives of the Study

This study aims to produce arduino based monitoring system and notification device

for air pollution

Specifically, the study aims to:

1. produce an arduino based monitoring system and notification device for air

pollution.

2. assess the quality of the arduino based monitoring system and notification

device for air pollution in terms of ;

a. accuracy of identification

b. time/interval in detecting air quality

c. efficiency in sending information from the device

3. find out the significant difference between the autonomous arduino based

monitoring system and notification device for air pollution to the

commercial air pollution detector.

Significance of the Study

The increasing of air pollution has been one of the major problems existing in the

world. This comes with the concerns regarding the environment, different types of toxic

gasses is growing which contributes the increase of global temperature. This study

addresses the problem of air pollution and to avoid furthermore damage of the
surroundings, arduino based monitoring system and notification device enhanced several

aspects such as detecting pollutants which is ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide and

dust from particulate matter will inform us about the increase of pollution and global

temperature. This study will provide accurate, safe, and faster way of monitoring the

pollutants, temperature and humidity of the air, the device will also use notification system

which will inform us about the detected pollutants and the temperature and humidity of air

which could benefit the people and environment.

Scope and Limitations

The study only focused on producing arduino based and notification system for air

pollution. The device will use programming language in assembling the device. The device

is only limited to monitor the pollutants present, temperature, and humidity of the air. In

addition, notification system will be used for informing via GSM.

The study will be conducted at the Valencia National High School on the months of

March to September 2020.

 Definition of Terms

The following terms are used for the purpose of the study:

Arduino is a microcontroller used in the device

GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital mobile network that is

used in the device to send information via SMS

Software is a set of instructions, data or programs used to operate computers and per

form specific tasks.

Computer hardware is the one that process the instruction of wires to hardware or

software.

Programming is the process of creating a set of instructions that tell a computer

how to perform a task that used for the device.

A programming language is a vocabulary and collection of grammatical rules for ins

truction to perform specific tasks on a computer or computing device that is used for coding

sensors.

Coding is a process to program the sensors on the arduino using the C++

programming language.
 Hypothesis of the Study

Ho: There is no significant difference between the arduino based monitoring system and

notification device for air pollution to the commercial air pollution detector in terms of the

accuracy of identification, the time interval in detecting air quality, and the efficiency in

sending information from the device.

Ha: There is a significant difference between the arduino based monitoring system and

notification device for air pollution to the commercial air pollution detector in terms of the

accuracy of identification, the time interval in detecting air quality, and the efficiency in

sending information from the device.

 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Pollution

Pollution is the process of creating land, water, air or other parts of the environment

dirty and not safe or suitable to use. this will be done through the introduction of a

contaminant into a natural environment, but the contaminant doesn't must be tangible.

Things as simple as light, sound and temperature is considered pollutants when introduced

artificially into an environment.(Bradford,2018). Although some pollution originates from

natural sources, the majority of pollution is the result of human activities.Air pollution is an

growing important problem. Such emissions destroys the atmosphere's natural processes,

which negatively affects public health. Many cities currently stand out as the worst

examples of air pollution.( Kllburn,1992) Air pollution could be a health and environmental

issue across all countries in the world, but with large differences in severity.The burden of

pollution in low- and middle-income countries appears to be greater for 2 reasons: indoor

pollution tends to be high in low-income countries thanks to the reliance on solid cooking

fuels; and outdoor pollution tends to extend as countries industrialize and move from low to

medium incomes.(Ritchie and Roser,2017)

Ozone

Ozone (O3) is a gas that is naturally present within the atmosphere of the Earth. It is

composed of three atoms of oxygen (giving the chemical formula, O3). The composition

suggests that it is much less stable than oxygen (O2) and somewhat more reactive; this

implies that it can be more easily formed and broken down by interacting with other

compounds.(Ritchie and Roser, 2018) Ozone, the triplet oxygen (O3), is formed in the
presence of a third-body molecule capable of absorbing dioxygen (O2, the normal oxygen

molecule) and a singlet oxygen (O, oxygen atom) in the presence of a third-body molecule

able to absorb the heat of the reaction.  Direct ground-level contact with ozone can cause

damage to living cells, organs, and species including humans, animals, and plants;

tropospheric or ground-level ozone is known as "bad" ozone. (Wei, and Zhang et al.,

2019)

Particulate Matter

In the simplest terms, particulate air pollution is anything solid or liquid which is

suspended in the air. This contains ash, smoke, soot and other by-products with

combustion, but also natural particles such as wind dust, sea salt, pollen and spores. This

contains primary particles coming directly from exhaust stacks and tailpipes, but may also

include secondary particles such as sulfates and nitrates produced by condensation of

vaporized materials or by-products of oxidation of gasses in the atmosphere. Particle air

pollution is therefore a mixture of toxins from a variety of sources.(Epidemiol,2009)

Moreover, clinical studies have generally shown a greater impact of particulate matter (PM)

air pollution on safety than gaseous materials. PM has a wide range of deleterious effects

on human health, especially on the cardiovascular system. Both acute and chronic exposure

to PM air pollution is associated with an increased risk of death from cardiovascular

disease, including ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, and ischaemic / thrombotic stroke.

(Endocrinol,2018).

Nitrous Oxide

Nitrous oxide (N2O) could be a commonly used inhaled anesthetic in outpatient

dental procedures. However, the increasing recreational use of N2O may end in cobalamin
deficiency-related neurologic and psychiatric symptoms.(Hung, Chen and Chou et al.,

2019) Nitrogen oxides are a group of seven gasses and compounds composed of nitrogen

and oxygen, sometimes commonly referred to as NOx gases. Nitric oxide and nitrogen

dioxide are the two most common and hazardous oxides of nitrogen. Nitrogen oxide,

commonly referred to as laughing gas, is a greenhouse gas that contributes to global

warming.Nitrogen oxide pollution is emitted from vehicle exhaust and from coal, oil, diesel

and natural gas combustion, in particular from power plants. Cigarettes, gas stoves,

kerosene heaters, wood burning and silos containing silage are also emitted. Nitrous Oxide

can create environmental health hazards when they react with sunlight and other chemicals

to form smog and sulfur dioxide react with substances in the atmosphere to form acid rain.

(Toxtown, 2017)

Carbon Monoxide

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-irritating gas and a human

health's old enemy. Carbon monoxide intoxication is a rare disease that can sometimes be

difficult to distinguish and diagnose. Emergency nurses need to be conscious of this disease

and how to diagnose and treat it, since it's one of the most notorious poisons that takes

many lives in silence.According to a death certificate study, carbon monoxide was the

leading cause of death by poisoning in the United States from 1979 to 1988 (> 5,000 deaths

per year). (Goldstein,2008) Carbon monoxide has been described as a “silent killer” as it

does not smell or have any taste or color. The risk of carbon monoxide is also something

that should be addressed in occupational or factory accidents, where equipment works in

small or poorly ventilated environments.Carbon monoxide is hazardous due to its increased

affinity to hemoglobin compared to oxygen, which results in the displacement of significant

amounts of oxygen from the hemoglobin molecule, leading to a reduction in blood oxygen

levels. Carbon monoxide may also interfere with the function of mitochondria.

(Byard,2018)

Arduino Uno

The recent use of Arduino Uno microcontroller boards for automated data

Acquisition has revolutionized physics education. Arduino based physics laboratories have

dramatically lowered the cost of experimental equipment, while at the same time replacing

the commercial apparatus with open hardware and software. Students benefit greatly from

rigorous technology-based labs that also nourish their curiosity and motivation to pursue

STEM-based careers ( Galeriu and Calin 2018). Arduino Uno Board varies from all other

boards and they will not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip in them. It is featured by

the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a USB-to-serial converter.

The Arduino Uno board is a microcontroller based on the ATmega328. It has 14 digital

input/output pins in which 6 can be used as PWM outputs, a 16 MHz ceramic resonator, an

ICSP header, a USB connection, 6 analog inputs, a power jack and a reset button. This

contains all the required support needed for microcontroller. In order to get started, they are

simply connected to a computer with a USB cable or with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery

(WatElectronics 2019).

Sensors

The introduction to different sensor technologies, particularly smart sensors, will

encourage students to think about using off-the-shelf, readily available technical devices.
Many different kinds of sensors can be added in a useful manner to projects such as the 3D

Rover. All sorts of sensors play important roles in the way we use and communicate with

technological devices today. Smartphones, household appliances, vehicles, and other item

that we use every day include a lot of different sensor styles. While the sensors are hidden

from view in the products, appliances, and tools that we use, they nonetheless extend our

senses in unique ways. Image sensors, accelerometers, gyros, temperature, motion, and

proximity sensors and other types of sensors all work together to enable us to work smarter

and enjoy a productive and healthful life. (Walter et al 2017)

GSM Module

The Customized Global Mobile Communication System (GSM) module is

designed for the monitoring of wireless radiation through the Shot Messaging Service

(SMS). This module is able to receive serial data from radiation monitoring devices such as

survey meter or area monitor and transmit the data as text SMS to a host server. It provides

two-way communication for data transmission, status query, and configuration setup. The

module hardware consists of GSM module, voltage level shifter, SIM circuit and

Atmega328P microcontroller. Microcontroller provides control for sending, receiving and

AT command processing to GSM module.  Integration of this module with radiation

survey/monitoring device will create mobile and wireless radiation monitoring system with

prompt emergency alert at high-level radiation.( Lombigit and Rahman, 2018). GSM

(Global System for Mobile Communications, originally Groupe Spécial Mobile), is a

standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).It was

created to describe the protocols for second-generation (2G) digital cellular networks used

by mobile phones and is now the default global standard for mobile communications – with
over 90% market share, operating in over 219 countries and territories.(Electronicsforu,

2019)

MQ131 Ozone Gas Sensor

MQ131 ozone gas sensor has high sensitivity to ozone, and also has sensitivity to

strong oxide such as Cl2, NO2 &etc. It responses oppositely to organic interference gases,

It has good sensitivity to ozone in wide range, and has advantages such as long lifespan,

low cost and simple drive circuit &etc. M31 is a semiconductor with a detection rage of 10

～1000ppb Ozone. The sensor requires two voltage inputs: heater voltage (VH) and circuit

voltage(VC). VH is used to supply standard working temperature to the sensor and it can

adopt DC or AC power, while VRL is the voltage of load resistance RL which is in series

with sensor. Vc supplies the detect voltage to load resistance RL and it should adopts DC

power. (Zhengzhou Winsen Electronics Technology Co., Ltd, 2014)

DHT11 sensor

DHT11 digital temperature and humidity sensor is a composite Sensor contains

a calibrated digital signal output of the temperature and humidity. The sensor includes a

resistive sense of wet components and an NTC temperature measurement devices, and

connected with a high-performance 8-bit microcontroller. Use of a dedicated storage

system for digital modules and temperature and humidity sensing technology to ensure high

reliability ad excellent long term stability of the product. DHT11 uses a simplified single-

bus communication. Single bus that only one data line, the system of data exchange, control

by a single bus to complete (Components101, 2018). DHT11’s power supply is 3-5.5V DC.

When power is supplied to the sensor, do not send any

Instruction to the sensor in within one second in order to pass the unstable status. One

capacitor valued 100nF can be added between VDD and GND for power filtering.(Sunrom

Tech, 2012)

MQ135 Sensor

 MQ135 is a stable, lowelectrochemical gas sensor which uses SnO 2 [1] as its

sensitive material. the MQ135 is suitable for CO 2 , Alcohol, Benzene, NO x , NH 3. While

it is observed from the sensitivity characteristic graph that the general sensitivity is roughly

same for all gases. The output of MQ135 is an analog signal and can be read with an analog

input of the Arduino. The sensor need to be put two voltages: one is heater voltage and the

other is test voltage or 5V (Kalra et al, 2016).

Dust Sensor GP2Y1010AUOF

According to (Shinyei Tech. Con., Ltd., Japan) dust sensor has been found to be

less sensitive, especially I high humidity or high saturation conditions, is less wearable dues

to its size than the sharp sensor, and both do not provide accurate results under various

temperature conditions. Dust sensor GP2Yt1010AUOF for arduino is an optical air quality

sensor. The purpose of this sensor is to detect dust particles. They primary components are

an infrared emitting diode and phototransistor. They are arrange diagonally to allow the

detection of reflected light of dust in air. It is effective to detect very fine particle like

cigarette smoke.

MQ7 sensor

MQ7 is a semiconductor carbon monoxide sensor. The sensor can detect

concentration of 20 to 2000 ppm. Inside the sensor CO is absorbed by the SnO 2 sensor
which results in the separation of Sn from SnO2 of carbon dioxide gas which is released in

the atmosphere. It has an output voltage that is proportional to the Celsius temperature. The

advantage of this sensor is that there is no need for user to subtract a large constant voltage

from the output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling, as in case of linear temperature

sensors calibrated in Kelvin (Karamchandani, 2016). If the CO gas is detected, the output

voltage on the sensor will go up, so that the gas concentration will decrease and the process

deoxidized. As a result, the surface of negatively charged oxygen will be reduced, the

height of the barrier Joint surfaces will also be happening (Muhammad, 2018)

Related Study of the Device

The (ESC,2018) conducted a study entitled Air Pollution Detector, this device is

intended to provide the consumer with a cost-effective means of determining air quality.

The system reports on the five elements of the Air Quality Index of the Environmental

Protection Agency: ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrous

oxide. This device detects all of these pollutants except sulfur dioxide. The device also

includes a town gas sensor to alert the user to gas leaks or the presence of flammable gases.

Furthermore, a temperature and humidity sensor is included as these conditions can impact

the performance of the gas sensors. (Instructables,2018)

Economic Benefits

It has been stated many times that Air is one of the most important elements for the

survival of living organisms. Not only do we not need air, but we also need clean air-free

emissions for our survival. Air quality monitoring is a method used to assess ambient air
quality, to measure the efficacy of control systems and to identify areas in need of

restoration. Air quality monitoring is the first step towards understanding air pollution and

regular air quality monitoring will give us an accurate idea of the level of pollution in our

environment and allow us to protect ourselves from various dangerous diseases.

(Ppsthane,2018)

METHODOLOGY

Research Design
The study will employ an experimental design creating a device that could benefit

the people. The device will detect the air quality and the pollutants from the air, it will also

use a notification system via GSM module. The materials will serve as the independent

variable of the study while the dependent variables will be the assessment in identification

Entry Protocol
Approval from the Valencia National High School principal will be granted to the

researchers to be able to conduct the study outside the school premises, a letter will also be

given to the Central Mindanao University (CMU) for the construction and testing of device.

Location and Duration of the Study

Figure 1. The map view (left) of Valencia National Highschool and map view (right) of

Valencia City Bukidnon

The study will be conducted on the month of March to September 2020. The

examination of arduino based monitoring system and notification device for air pollution

via GSM module will be produce in Valencia National High School at Valencia City,

Bukidnon.

Procedural Framework
The figure below is a flowchart designed as a reference to the researchers on

producing the portable arduino based monitoring system and notification device for air

pollution via GSM.

START

PLANNING

PURCHASING
OF MATERIALS

METHODS
3D DESIGN OR
PROCESS

PROTOTYPE
 CALIBRATION INTERFACE OF GSM
OF SENSORS MODULE

The flowchart shown in the figure (Fig. 2) shows the flow of methods in making
Data
the arduino
Figure basedinmonitoring
2. Flow chart conductingsystem Gathering
and notification device for air pollution
the study. via GSM

module. The arrows will be the direction of process. The chart begins with the planning in

which is to gather data from some related studies to make review of related literature to

further understand the study. The purchasing of materials is needed to conduct the study.

The 3D design and pictures will serve as a guide in making the device. It will start in using

the software to start the coding of sensors and interface GSM module, the coding will be

done throughout the development of the product. The calibration is where a process in

using the sensors so it can be used accurately. Hardware will be used for the development

of the product and the capability of the device will be tested which follows the

functionality test and parallel testing that uses a commercial product and compare it to the
device, the gathering of data will be done after the test procedures. The device will detect

the pollutant from the air which also includes the temperature and humidity, it will use

GSM Module to send information via SMS and then gathering of data will be done.

Conceptual Framework

The figure below is a design flow chart that will serve as a guide on how the

arduino based monitoring system and notification device works and functions.

START

CALIBRATION

DHT11 MQ131 MQ135 GP2Y101 MQ7

0AUOF
 READ DATA READ DATA READ DATA READ DATA READ DATA

DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA

ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACCEPTED ACCEPTED

NO NO NO NO NO

YES YES YES YES YES

SAVE DATA MICRO

SD CARD

SMS GSM

Figure 3.The flowchart on how the device works.

The flow chart shown on the figure (Fig. 3) shows the flow on how the device work.

The direction of the lines serves as the steps on how the sensors functions. The flow start

with the calibration which is the process to accurately test the sensors or improving

performances where if the data is not accepted, it will go back to calibration and perform

the process again. The sensors are divided into five classifications, DHT11 is for

temperature and humidity, MQ131 is for ozone, MQ135 is for nitrogen oxides,

GP2Y1010AUOF is for detecting dust from particulate matter and MQ7 is for detecting

carbon monoxide. If the data will be accepted, this will be saved through the Micro SD card

and the GSM will send the data via SMS.

 3D Design

Figure 4. The front interior view 3D model (Left) and the side (Right) exterior view 3D
model of the device (Sketchup 2017)
 Figure 5. the front exterior view 3D model (Left) and the back exterior view (Right) 3D
modelof the device (Sketchup 207)

The researchers used Sketchup 2017 for the making of the 3D design of the device. The

device will be made out of 3D printer. The size of the device is 2532 mm in height and

5998 mm in width. The device contains five (5) sensors over all. The upper part of the box

has its removable cover for protection of the interior part.

Equipment and Materials Used

a. b. c. d. e.

f. g. h. i. j.

k. l. m n. o.

p. q. r. s.
Figure 6. The equipment and materials used in the study in making the exterior interior and

sensors of the device. The materials used are the following:

a.) Arduino Uno, b.) laptop, c.) Record book, d.) pen, e.) set of wires, f.) power supply, g.)

resistors, h.) LCD, i.) breadboard, j.) set of wires, k.) GSM module, l.) MQ131 gas

sensor, m.) DHT11 sensor, n.) MQ7 carbon monoxide sensor, o.) MQ135 sensor, p.)

Dust sensor GP2Y1010AUOF, q.) 3D Printer, r.) Sim card, s.) SD card

Development of the Device

A. Assembling of the Device

The device will be assembled with the used of the materials and professional.

It will begin on the construction of its design structure using the 3D printer as its

exterior part. The next step will be the connecting and assembling the wiring of

sensors, GSM module to the Arduino Uno microcontroller. Breadboard will be used

for the wires and where resistor can be inserted.

B. Coding

The researchers will employ coding with the help of professional using the

Arduino software. Laptop will be used in programming the device codes and

commands.

C. Calibration of Sensors
 The calibration of sensors will be utilize to adjust the sensors performance

by its accuracy and an individual viability will be asses to satisfy the requirement.

Figure 7. The major components of Arduino UNO

 The Arduino UNO is a microcontroller open-source platform used for building

electronics project. It has a piece of software, IDE ( Integrated Development Environment)

that runs on the computer. It has 14 digital pins (of which 6 provide PWM output), 16 MHz

crystal oscillator, external Power Supply In (9-12VDC), 6 analog inputs, USB connection

and a reset button.

Specification of the Arduino UNO are the following:

a.) Flash Memory: 32 kb

b.) RAM: 2 kb

c.) Type: Single-board microcontroller

d.) Operating Voltage: 5V

e.) CPU: Atmel AVR (8-bit), ARM Cortex- MO+

Figure 8. The components of DHT11 Sensor

The DHT11 is a commonly used Temperature and humidity sensor. It uses a

dedicated digital modules capture technology and the temperature and humidity sensor

technology to ensure that products with high reliability and excellent long-term stability.
Sensor includes a resistive element and a sense of wet NTC temperature measurement

devices, and with a high-performance 8-bit microcontroller connected.

Specification of DHT11 Sensor are the following:

a.) Operating Voltage: 3.5V to 5.5V

b.) Operating current: 0.3mA (measuring) 60uA (standby)

c.) Output: Serial data

d.) Temperature Range: 0°C to 50°C

e.) Humidity Range: 20% to 90%

f.) Resolution: Temperature and Humidity both are 16-bit

Figure 9. The components of MQ131 Gas Sensor

Sensitive material of MQ131 gas sensor is SnO2, which with lower conductivity

in clean air. When the ozone gas exists, the sensor’s conductivity gets lower along with the
gas concentration rising. The sensor need to be put 2 voltage, heater voltage （VH） and

test voltage（VC）. VH used to supply certified working temperature to the sensor, while

VC used to detect voltage (VRL) on load resistance （RL）whom is in series with sensor.

Specification of MQ131 Gas Sensor arethe following:

a.) Sensor type: Semiconductor

b.) Standard Encapsulation:Bakelite

c.) Detection Gas:Ozone

d.) Concentration: 10-1000ppm Ozone

e.) Loop Voltage : Vc ≤24V DC

f.) Heater Voltage: VH 5.0V±0.2V AC or DC

Figure 10.

The components of MQ135 Sensor

The MQ-135 Gas sensors are used in air quality control equipments and are

suitable for detecting or measuring of NH3, NOx, Alcohol, Benzene, Smoke, CO2. The

MQ-135 sensor module comes with a Digital Pin which makes this sensor to operate even
without a microcontroller and that comes in handy when you are only trying to detect one

particular gas.

Specification of MQ135 Sensor are the following

a.) Operating Voltage :+5V

b.) Detect/Measure: NH3, NOx, alcohol, Benzene, smoke, CO2, etc.

c.) Analog output voltage: 0V to 5V

d.) Digital output voltage: 0V or 5V (TTL Logic)

Figure 11. The components of MQ7 Carbon Monoxide Sensor

The sensor composed by micro AL2O3 ceramic tube, Tin Dioxide (SnO2)

sensitive layer, measuring electrode and heater are fixed into a crust made by plastic and
stainless steel net. Sensitive material of MQ-7 gas sensor is SnO2, which with lower

conductivity in clean air. It make detection by method of cycle high and low temperature,

and detect CO when low temperature (heated by 1.5V). The sensor’s conductivity is higher

along with the gas concentration rising. When high temperature (heated by 5.0V),

Specification of MQ7 Carbon Monoxide Sensor are the following

a.) Sensor Type: Semiconductor

b.) Standard Encapsulation: Plastic

c.) Detection Gas: Carbon Monoxide

d.) Boost converter chip: PT1301

e.) Operating voltage: 2.5V-5.0V

Figure 12. The

components of Dust sensor GP2Y1010AUOF

The GP2Y1010AU0F detects the reflected light of dust in air. Especially, it is

effective to detect very fine particle like the cigarette smoke. In addition it can distinguish
smoke from house dust by pulse pattern of output voltage. GP2Y1010AU0F is a dust

sensor by optical sensing system.

The specification of Dust sensor GP2Y1010AUOF are the following:

a.) Supply voltage: −0.3 to +7

b.) Operating temperature: −10 to +65

c.) Operating Supply voltage: 5 ± 0.5

d.) Detection : house dust, cigarette smoke, etc.

Fritzing Design

The sketching was done by the researcher through the use of the fritzing application.
Figure 13. DHT11 Sensor Sketch

Figure 14. MQ131 Sensor Sketch

Figure 15. MQ135 Sensor sketch

Figure 16. Dust sensor GP2Y1010AUOF sketch

Figure 17. MQ7 Sensor
 Functionality Test

Functionality test will be implemented in each part of the arduino based

monitoring system and notification device for air pollution via GSM module and all of it

should function consequently.

Parallel Testing

Parallel testing will be utilize in the study to find out the significant difference

between the autonomous arduino based monitoring system and notification device for air

pollution to the commercial air pollution detector in terms of accuracy, time/interval, and

its efficiency.

Data Gathering

Data Accuracy Time/interval Efficiency

Identification
Test Test Test

Figure 18. Order of the data gathering procedure

Data gathering will be implemented after creating the device and after

implementing the functionality test and parallel testing of the device. The data gathering

procedure undergoes several processes. First is to test the accuracy of identification of the

device if it’s accurate enough to identify pollutants from the air, after identifying the data

will be save on the micro SD card and the data collected will automatically send via SMS

using GSM. The second procedure will be testing the time/interval of identification of the
device to know how much time the device needs to identify the pollutants from the air. The

last procedure will be the efficiency test of the device by the ratio of the work performed by

the device, does it produce the desired result.

Assessment of the Finish Product

A. Accuracy Assessment

Testing the accuracy of identification on the device is how precise the

measurement is. This test determines how accurate are the data gathered by the

device.

B. Time/Interval Identification Test

In testing the time/interval of identification, it uses the arduino data log and

the data gathered will be send through SMS using GSM, this serves as the reference

to determine how much time do the device needs to send the data to the receiver.

C. Efficiency Test

To test the efficiency of the device, “Test Metrics” will be utilized. This test

will determine if there is a defect on the device.

Data Analysis

In data analysis the following objectives will be assessed by the researchers and

will use several ways to determine the results of the data gathered by the device. This will

provide results from the different tests employed by the researchers.

 Photo Documentation

In conducting the study, photographs will be taken for documentation utilizing an android

cell phone. Every photograph will be taken by the researchers and serve as a proof in

conducting the study.