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    11-07-2020, Excercise For Test of Hypothesis of Mean, Difference of Means, Population Proportion, Defference of Population Proportions

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    91 LARGE-SAMI * gyencises 9.3 _ of Exercises 935-940, spp alae sample hy sch 0 1m mates 0 be performed fora population meanine wigh Pet gypatess Mo: = to Farther suppose the tet ata Bed will . ee Toho , °° ha jor each exerci, obtain the required eritcal values) and Be eagraph tat lusates your rest, 98. Arighttiled test witha = 0.01 9.36 Aleftstailed test with « = 0.10, 937 AvwOrtaled test with a 9.38 A righttailed test with « 0.08, 9.39 A left-tailed test with a = 0.05, 940 Atwortaled test with « = 0.01 In Etenises 941-9.48, apply Procedure 9.1 on page 503 to perform the required hypothesis tests. Comment onthe prac. fal significance of all hypothesis tests whose results are tistical significant. + YAL According to the Census Bureau publication Construction Reports, the mean expenditure per residential = property owner for maintenance and repairs in 1983 was $280. For list year, a random sample of 40 residential property coaners revealed the following expenditures, in dollars, iss 110 18S 1360 «16784437420 20 $7 942-287-259 123,712,170 S17 S05 148 4424S 38 49 188 107 134223363605 mR 89 759 1511176 3 Do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that last year’s mean amount spent for maintenance and repairs has increased over the 1983 mean of $280? Assume o = $265 tod perform the hypothesis test at the 5% significance level, (Note: The sum of the data is $11,644.) 942 The World Almanac, 1985, reports that the mean tavel time to work in 1980 for all South Dakota residents was estes. transportation official obtained this year’s travel {HYPOTHESIS TESTS FOR'ONE POPULATION MEAN on ple of 35 Senth, Laken » 0 0 BR Wm 6 4 3% $ 4 27 #3 6 2 4 2 OM 6 2 7 ob wo2 HW k Wo AL the 5% significance level, do the data peovide suthcsent evidence to conclude that the mean travel time to work forall South Dakota residents has changed from the 1920 mean of ites? Assume a= T1,6ainutes, (Note: The sun of is 491 minutes.) im the d YAS ‘The Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences states that the RDA of iron for adult females under the age of 51 is 1B ang. The following tron in lakes, in milligrams, during ct for 45 randomly selected age of 51 150 Ik 14a 146 109 143 150 160 126 166 207 198 156 110 15.3 94 19.5 183 145 tos 125 146 119 125 186 13.1 m3 2 17.063 168 125 163 163 15 ‘At the 1% significance level, do the data suggest that adult females under the age of $1 are, on the average. getting less than the RDA of 18 mg of iron? (Note: X = 14.68, 5 = 3.08.) + 984 As reported by the US. Office of Juvenile Jus- tice and Delinqueney Prevention in Children in Custods, the mean s held in public custody in 1989 was 16.0 years. The mean age of 250 randomly selected juveniles currently being held in public custody is 15.86 years, and the standard deviation of the ages is 1.01 years. Does it appear that age, 1 ofall juveniles being held in public custody is less than the 1989 mean of 16.0 years? Perform the appropriate hypothesis test using ce = 0.10. + 948 A dog-food manufacturer sells “S0-tb” bags of dog foo. Suppose you randomly select 75 bags and find that Fs S01 db and s = 0.88 1b. 4. Would you be inclined to believe that the actual mean weight, 1, of all “S0-1b" bags of this dog food differs from the advertised weight of $0 Ib? Perform your hypothesis, {est at the S% significance level bb. Repeat part (a) if the mean weight of the 75 bags is $0.21 Ib sinstead of $0.11 th Scanned with CamScanner POPULATION MEAN 512 CuaPreR 9 HYPOTHESIS TESTS FOR ONE tore than the @ne the fo 55 7 costs niore than he new fertilizer © re new fertilizer iE YO + 9:86 The Health Insurance Associa A ou gery He HE repoets in Survey of Hospital Semi-Private Room the moan daily charge for a semi-private room in U.S tals in 1988 was $253. to that same year, a random sample of 30 Massachusetts hospitals yiekled a mean daily semi-private room charge of $260.68 with a standand deviation of $12.77. Atthe $5 significance level, do the data provide sufficient ev idence to conclude that in 1988 the mean daily semi-private room charge in Massachusetts hospitals exceeded the national ean of $253? + 947. The manufacturer of a new-model car, called the Orion, claims that a typical car gets 26 mpg. An inde- pendent consumer group is skeptical of this china and thinks the mean gas mileage ofall Orions may very well be less than 26 mpg. To try to justify its contention, the consumer group conducts mileage tests on 30 randomly’ selected Orions and ‘obtains the following data. 233 296 260 260 263 260 21 BS 5.1 28 264 4S 25.1 266 280233 3B 225.1 3532S Atthe 5% significance level, do the data support the consumer group's conjecture? (Note: ¥ = 25.23, = 1.59) 9.48 A Louisiana cotton farmer has used a certain brand of feilize forthe past yegrs. Based on experience, the farmer knows that the mean yield of cotton usiNteihis fertilizer is 623 livacre. Recently, a new brand of fenilizer appeared fon the market that will supposedly increase cotton yiehd. The farmer uses the new ferilizer on 80 of his I-are plots. Here are the resulting coton yields n pounds. 639 653 6359028 GBS 602 622 667 G14 GH GIL 652598627 637 613 S91 627,637 - GDF 620-618 621 682 654643634630 «621560 637 634 645630605. «617«-598 GH 636 599616, 620. 639 608615 1 629 626 613 568638 ©7630 620 658 629-629 670 642 637 593617. 654 615 646 648654651613 a. At the 10% significance level, do the data provide sufti- cient evidence to conclude that the new fertilizer increases +the mean yield of cotton on the farmer's land? (Note: ¥ 625.2 Ibfacre, s = 21.5 Itvacre.) the farmer? Why or why NOU? sible €0 USES is permiss im plage ofan unkown POPU 0. ormingd targe-Sample Hy °° si standard deviation, 8 dar deviation, when perfe test for a population mean, + driven Tos thousand miles, 28 reported by fh aun “sad Tighwoy jon in Highway Statistics. A endo driven for all passenger vehicles. a, Perform the hypothesis test ‘Hy: je = 10.3 thousand miles Hy: je # 10.3 thousand miles 5% sance level. a. Uae on page 448 t0 id 955 condense al for 4. ¢. Deon theif 10.3 thousand les, hypothesized forthe mean, x, in the null hypothesis of part (a), lie within your confidence interval from part (b)? | 4, Repeat parts (a)-(c) if the S00 passenger vehicles sampled ‘were driven an average of 10.9 thousand miles last year, . Based on your observations in parts (a)-(@), complete the following statements conceming the relationship between a two-tailed hypothesis test, Ho: H = Ho Hen # Hoy at the significance level a and a (1 — a)-level confidence terval for If Ho lies within the (1 — a)-level confidence inter- val for y4, then the null hypothesis (will, will not) be rejected. i. If feo lies outside the (1 — @)-level confidence inter- val for jt, then the null hypothesis (will, will not) be rejected. 951 The relationship between hypothesis tess and confidence intervals, In this exercise we will exami the relationship between a large-sample, two-tailed hypothe {est for a population mean and a large-sample confidence: interval estimate for a pgpulation mean, Scanned with CamScanner 544 EXERCISES 9.6 + 9,90 Is there any restriction on sample size for using the one-sample t-test, Procedure 9.4? Explain your answer. ‘Normal probability plots indicate that it is reasonable to use 4a f-test t0 carry out each of the hypothesis tests required in Exercises 9.91-9.96. Perform each t-test using either the classical approach or the P-value approach. Comment on the practical significance of all hypothesis tests whose results are statistically significant. + 9.91 A paint manufacturer claims that the average drying time for its new latex paint is 2 hours. To test that claim, the drying times are obtained for 20 randomly selected cans of paint. Here are the drying times, in minutes. 123) 109) 115912119120) 27s 106) 1120 | 1161 136) BL 128139110133 1221339135109 Do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that the ‘mean drying time is greater than the manufacturer's claim of 120 minutes? Use a = 0.05. (Note: The sample mean and sample standard deviation of the data are 123.1 minutes and 10.0 minutes, respectively.) 992 The US. Energy Information Administration compiles data on houschold motor fuel expenditures and pub- lishes the results in Residential Transportation Energy Con- sumption Survey. Consumption Patterns of Household Vehi- cles. According to that document, the mean annual motor fuel expenditure per U.S. household in 1988 was $998, That same year, 16 households within metropolitan areas had the following annual motor fuel expenditure, in dollars. 1071 1140.«1724 «1232 96 104014591218 848 13071144585 2411273391319 At the 5% significance level, do the data provide sufficient ev- idence to conclude that the 1988 mean annual fuel expenditure for houscholds within metropolitan areas differed from the na- tional mean of $998? (Note: The sample mean and sample ‘standard deviation of the data are $1011.13 and $470.36.) 9.93 A battery retailer has received a large shipment of automobile batteries from a supplier. The supplier claims thatthe batteries have a mean fife of 36 months. Ten batteries, (CHAPTER 9. HYPOTHESIS TESTS FOR ONE POPULATION MEAN randomly sampled from the shipment, yielded the Sou!>sing lifetimes, in months. ne 27 7 200 2 296 94 390296547 Do the data indicate that the mean life of the supplier's hater: iesis less than the claimed 36 months? Perform the hypothesis, testat the 1% significance level. (Note: X = 30. 401) 9,94 As reported by the College Entrance Examina- tion Board in National College-Bound Senior, the mean verbal score on the Scholastic Aptitude Test in 1991 was 422 points, ‘out of a possible 800. A random sample of 25 verbal scores, for last year yielded the following data. 338 488—=«344 370307 483 352377492550 373-295 426554 aR 4124774384714 486 281-428 508607 At the 10% significance level, does it appear that last year’s mean for verbal SAT scores is greater than the 1991 mean of 422 points? (Note: ¥ = 430.4, s = 85.5.) 9.95 ‘According to Food Cost Review, published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the average retail price for oranges in 1983 was 38.5 cents per pound. Recently, 15 randomly selected markets reported the following prices for oranges, in cents per pound. 430 400 426 402. 375 41, 452 418 35.6" 346 3194424453824 Can we conclude that the mean fetal price for oranges now is different from the 1983 mean of 385 cents per pound? Use 0.05. (Note: ¥ = 40.79, s = 3.38.) : 9.96 Atlas Fishing Line produces a 10-Ib test line. ‘Twelve randomly selected spools are subjected to tensile: strength tests, The results follow. (Oat 102 eo eee 97 97 101 10.1 OS) 961 ole 197) Use the data to decide whether Atlas Fishing Line’ 1010 lines not up to specifications. Perform the requited hypothesis test atthe $% significance level. (Nove: ¥ = 9.75, = 031) Scanned with CamScanner “582 CHAPTER 10. INFERENCES FOR TWO POPULATION MEANS of -2.22 + 6.82, Thus a 95% confidence interval for jt ~ 2 is from —9.04 10.5.5) We » can be 95% confident that the difference, 2 — 42, between the mean salaries of facujy 53 teaching in public and private institutions is somewhere between —S9040 and Si600 eee EXERCISES 10.1 10.1 Consider the quantities sli, Oi, E15 Sis Hay Os . 10.3 The US. National Center for Health S: Fa. and sp. ‘coimples data on the length of stay by patients in sho ‘a, Which quantities represent parameters and which represent” hospitals and publishes its findings in Vital and Hec statistics? ics. Independent samples of 40 male patients and 2 b. Which quantities are fixed numbers and which are random _* variables? In each of Exercises 10.2-10.7, pSrform the required hypoth- 7 4n ie o9)4 75 12 esis test using either the classical approach or the P-value 62 10 3 6] 1 3 74 4 approach. : 5 7°3°55 1] 1 5 4 4 3 24°23 5 7) 518 2 5 1 + 10.2 Surveys are conducted by the Northwestern Pee ee ae, University Placement Center, Evanston, Ilinois, on starting yen ils 8 6 F1 salaries for college graduates. Results of the surveys can 3) a3 2 be found in The Northwestern Lindquist-Endicott Report. In the following table, we have reproduced the starting annual x salaries obtained from independent random samples of 32 ac- At the 10% significance level, do the data provide sufficient g graduates and 3S liberal-arts graduates. The data are evidence to conclude that, on the average, males slay in the in thousands of dollars hospital longer than females? Assume that oj = 7.5 days and : 2 = 6.8 days. (Note: The sum of the male data is 363 days, ‘Accounting Liberal ats ‘nd the sum of the female data is 249 days.) : 289-244 273 249 | 260 228 27.3 266 270 . . 274 293 308 266 | 247 298 243 237 24.0, + 10.4 An agronomist wants to determine whether a + 280 260 25.7 27.0 | 25.1 27.1 25.6 250 24.7 larger com crop can be obtained if sterilized males ofan insect 302 299 288 293 | 268 264 23.1 255 lea 1 the pea poh pooper eeeea tread lzcotestees nasa pest are introduced to control the pest population instead of S24 using an insecticide, Bighty I-acre plos are randomly divided ae . ee 4 Bae pea ae ae into two groups of forty_1-acre plots. The insecticide is used Deeedee inate akon sao oes oon each [-aere plot inthe frst group and the sterilized male fol insects on each [-acre plot in the second group. The yield, in bushes, areas shown inthe following table, ‘a. At the 5% significance level, can ‘ve conclude that ac- ‘counting graduates have a higher mean starting salary than, §—§—§ val-arts graduates? Assume the population standard de- Insecticide Sterilized males - ti viations of starting salaries are 1.73 ($1730) for account- 109 101 97 89 100 | 103 109 110 118 109 ing graduates and 1,82 ($1820) for liberal-arts graduates, 98 98 94 99 109] 113 11 IL 99 1 (Note: The sum of thi accounting data is $87.6, and the 103 88 108 102 106 | 106 J17 99 107 9 ‘um of the libera-arts data is $92.9.) 97 105 102 104 101 | 110 111 103 110 108 bb. Identify the study as a designed experiment or an observa 101 100 105 110 96 | 104 102 111 114 UE tional study. Explain your answer, . 102, 95 100 95 109 | 122 117. 101 109109 c. Interpret the results of the hypothesis test in light of your 91 98 113 91 95 | 162 109 103,109 108 : 128 10 ywerto part (b) 106 98 101 °99 96 | 107 107 111 Scanned with CamScanner "382 CHAPTER 10 INFERENCES POR TWO POPULATION MEANS or -2.22 46, teaching in public and privat 82. Thus a 986% confidence interval for #1 ~ #2 is From —9.04 45 can be 95% confident that the differen te >| stitution jy ~ fa, between the mean salariey yp Ne somewhere between $9040 and $469 Uy EXERCISES 10.1 + WAL Conshler the quantities tr, 15 Fie S16 Hava, + 103 The US. National Center for Health Sag, Favand sy éinpites data on the length of stay by patients in yp a. Which quantities represent parameters and which represent ~ hospitals and publishes is findings in Vital and tein statistics? s, Independent samples of 40 male patents ani 44 'b. Which quantities are fixed numbers and which are random _* patients gave the following data on length of stay, in gay variables? In each of Exercises 10.2-10.7, pSrform the required hypoth- esis test using either the classical approach or the P-value approach, : + 10.2 Surveys are conducted by the Northwestern University Placement Center, Evanston, Ilinois, on starting salaries for college graduates. Results of the surveys can be found in The Northwestern Lindquist-Endicott Report. In the following table, we have reproduced the starting annual salaries obtained from independent random samples of 32 ac~ ‘counting graduates and 35 liberal-ats graduates. The data are in thousands of dollars. Accounting Liberal ats 289-244 27.3 249 | 26.0 228 273 266 27.0. 274 293 308 266 | 247 298 243 23.7 240 28.0 26.0 25.7 27.0 | 25.1 27.1 25.6 25.0 247 30.2 29.9 288 29.3 | 268 264 23.1 25.5 295 244 264 285 | 25.9 25.2 25.1 232 28.9 294 298 282 | 243 287 260 252 262: 26.1 25.0 28.7 | 269 25) 268 265 255 265 294 30.6 | 274 22.3 223 265 ‘a. At the 5% significance level, can Wwe conclude that ac- counting graduates have a higher mean starting salary than liberal-arts graduates? Assume the population standard de- viations of starting salaries are 1.73 ($1730) for account. ing graduates and 1.82 ($1820) for liberal-arts graduates. (Note: The sum of thi accounting data is 887.6, and the sum of the liberal-arts data is 892.9.) b. Identify the study as a designed experiment or an observa- tional study. Explain your answer. . c. Interpret-the results of the hypothesis test in light of your answer to part (b). Male 4412 18 9 | 4 612 10 3 6] 1 1B 7.3 55 1 joa 20°18 5 7) 5 123 9 2 1) 7 7 2 4 M4 |) 9 62 1 8 1]. 3.199 3 01 2B At the 10% significance level, do the data provide sufceg evidence to conclude that, on the-average, males sayin the hospital longer than females? Assume that of = 7.5 days ang 2 = 6.8 days, (Note: The sum of the male data is 363 day, and the.sum of the female data is 249 days.) 10.4 An agronomist wants to determine whether a larger corn crop can be obtained if sterilized males of an inset pest are introduced to control the pest population instead of using an insecticide. Eighty L-acre plots are randomly divided into two groups of forty, -acre plots. The insecticide is used on each I-acre plot in the first. group and the sterilized mle insects on each L-acre plot in the second group. The yes in bushels, are as shown in the following table. Insecticide 109 101 97, 89 100 98 98 94 99 104 103 88 108 102 106 97 105 102 104 101 101 100 105 110 96 102 95 100 95 109 91 98 113 91 95 106 98 101 ~99 96 Sterilized males 105 109 110 118 109 13 1 Ut 99 12 106 J17 99 107 19 110 141 103 110 108 14-102 111 114 1 122 117 101 109 18 102 109 103 109 106 107 107 111 128 10 Lor to ns Scanned with CamScanner TOV LARGE-SAMPLE INFERENCES FOR TWO MEANS «Do the data provide sulicent evidence 19 concluse that these of Henized male insects is mere eflctne arn insti in controling the ieee pect) (ae (Note: ¥1 = 100-18. 8) = 5.73.3) = 109.53. 1 = 66) be Is this designed experiment oF an observational study? Explain your answer ¢: Inet the ess OF he hy rote et in view of your angwer to part (b). 105 The U.S. Energy Information Administration plishes data on residential energy consumption wah Surin Restdenl Exergy Consunpon Sener eae tion and Expenditures. Suppose you want w decide chery fi jeas mean anual el expendi oy ace ing tara gas is differen from that for honeenen cal electricity. At the 5% significance level wnat nt trould you daw given the data, in dolls, shown in he hor rowing table? (Note: = 1497.6, % = 10036, = 165.13) : Natural gas Ercticty 002 1456 1394 | 1376 1452 1235 issi_ 1321 1338 | 1185 1327 1059 {sep 1495 1526 1358 | 1227 1102 1168 jo0 1801 1478: 1376 | 1180 1221 1351 tora 1579 1375 1664 | 1461 1102 976 1308 1305 1458 1369 | 1379 987 1002 153 1495 1507 1636 | 1450 1177 1150 1698 1249 1377 | 1352 1266 1109 1648 1557 1491 | 949 1351 1259 1305 13551574 | 1179 1393. 1456 Ca . 10.6 Researchers studying obesity wanted to com- pare the effectiveness of dieting with exercise to dieting with- ‘out exercise. Seventy-three patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1, composed of 37 patients, was put on a program of dieting with exercise. Group 2, composed of, 346 patients, dieted only. The results for weight loss, in pounds, after? months are summarized in the following table. Diet-witvexercise group | _Diet-only group 1 = 16.8 Ib % = 171 1b 61 =351b = 52Ib . 4 Atthe 0.05 significance level, determine whether there is @ difference between the two treatments. 7 8 Identity the study as a designed experiment or an observa- tional study. Explain your answer. «sales per person over the nett mo «, Interpret the rewules of the bypothews ts answer to part (b) 7 A regional sales manay which to study the effectivens offices - Program aimed at increasing sales One of training program. and the other does not. Th ot. Office 1, has 47 salespeople. For this 5 $3197 ai deviation of $102. Office training program, has $1 salespeople. For this office. sales per person over the next month is $3229 with 2 s deviation of $107. 2. At the 5% cignificance level, does the training program appear to increase sales? 1. Repeat part (a) at the 10% sig In Exercises 10.8-10.13, use Procedure 10.2 00 pes determine the requted confidence intorval 108 Referto Exercise 102 ‘2. Determine a 90% confidence interval for the difference, 1; ~ jt, between the mean starting salaries of accounting. and liberal-arts graduates. bi. Interpret your result, + 109. Refer to Exercise 10.3, a. Determine an 80% confidence interval for the difference, 14; ~ #2, between the mean lengths of stay in short-term hospitals by males and females. '. Interpret your result. + 10.10. Refer to Exercise 10.4 4. Determine a 98% confidence interval for the difference, ‘a, between the mean yields of com when the insec- ticide is used to control the insect pest and when sterilized males are used. Interpret your result. + 1.11 Referto Exercise 10.5, ‘a. Obtain a 95% confidence interval forthe difference between last year’s mean fuel expenditures for households using natural gas and those using only electricity. bi. Interpret your result. . 10.12 Refer to Exercise 10.6. Obtain a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the mean weight losses after 2 months using the diet-with- exercise method and the diet-only method. . Interpret your result, Scanned with CamScanner 632 CHAPTER 10 INFERENCES FOR TWO POPULATION MEANS Step 9 State the conclusion in words. ‘The test results ae statistically significant atthe 4.9% level thai gga icance level. the data provide suficint evidence to conclude that the...“ an, Salen when the adie is used is grater than the eam gs milage Sg Bee ative is not used, Evidently, the additive is effective in increasing sy. {Se ———— sok aw ‘The Wilcoxon paired-sample signed-rank test provides a nonp for performing a hypothesis test to compare the means of two pops sampies. There is a corresponding confidence-interval procedure, bu: using pa ‘nto Using the Computer (Optional) We can use Minitab to carry out a paired ¢-test because that proceduse is sim sample t-test on the sample of paired differences. Thus to employ Minitab, uply a ong. We frst obtain . the paired differences and then apply Minitab's one-sampler-test procedure asexplaies in Section 9.6. Similarly, we can apply Minitab's one-sample t-interval proced plained in Section 8.4, to carry out a paired t-interval procedure. Exercises 10,8 give you practice with using Minitab to execute paired-t procedures. re 38 ex. '6and 1037 Additionally, we can employ Minitab to carry out a Wilcoxon paired-sample sige rank test because that procedure is simply a Wilcoxon signed-rank test on the sample of paired differences. Thus to employ Minitab, we first obtain the paired differences an} , then apply Minitab’s Wilcoxon signed-rank test procedure, as explained in Section 99, Exercises 10.90 and 10.91 give you practice with using Minitab to execute a Wilson paired-sample signed-rank test. EXERCISES 10.5 10.73 State the two conditions required for perform- ing a paired-t procedure. .. Preliminaty data analyses indicate that it is teasonable to employ 2 paired t-test in Exercises 10,74-10.79. Perform each hypothesis test using either the classical approach or the P-value approach. * 10.74 A pediatrician measured the blood cholesterol levels of her young patients. She was surprised to find that many of them had levels over 200 mg per 100 mL, indicating increased risk of artery disease. Ten such patients were ran- domly selected to take part in a nutritional program designed. to lower blood cholesterol. Two months after the program started, the pediatrician measured the blood cholesterol levels “of the 10 patients again. Here are the data, Patient | Before program 210 27 208 2S 202 209 207 210 - 2 218 ausune Seon Do the data suggest that the nutritional program is 8 average, effective in reducing cholesterol levels? Perfo appropriate hypothesis test at the 1% level of significans®. at Scanned with CamScanner + WTS AD enercine physio nog wan te sdotder 4 certain WPL OF reaming Program eal) eS rates He imeauntes the Beart twos of 7 1S randoumy selected pic who ate en ploratou ten ven : me Pevgrain. One year fae Oe ENING PHSSIOH IS again meee oe cof tho ES poeple: The heart rue Roos nme MS heart rates et) before and atten among Pee ake MSPlaved inthe wade Koken Set ME em | Meese Thaw pagan ’ os x, | 2 Spee rad $ 2 Bad a ae ee |. 70 Sah) ae ate. He Ph Bee rae ej) on n ‘Mabats a) a 2 Bike mf a} oa Bw] os | iS Dw the data Prive suficient evidence to concide that the suming program will, on the average, reduce heat nies thea = 005. : ~ 136 The A. C. Nielsen Company collects data on the TV viewing habits of Americans and publishes the sy formation in Nielsen Report on Television. Twenty mared couples are randomly selected. Their weekly viewing times, sm hours are as shown in the following table Susoan¢ Wite | Husband Wite | Husoand Wite 2 Eo) 3845 | 36 as % 3 | FD) 2 4 B 35 30 4 22 op HP Hoos | 4 32 f 3 35 | eg 3% 3 f 3 4] om 3 Cee ee | a ee Se At the’ S level of significance. does it appear that married ‘nex watch less TV, on the average, than married women? (Nove: = 4.4 and sy = 8.15.) {10.77 In Exercise 10.21 we performed a hypothesis ‘ex using independent samples to decide whether nonsuper- sory mine workers earn a ymaller average hourly wage than sonsepervisory construction workers. Now we will perform torn YURENCES FO TW AMFANS USING PAIRED SAMPLES 833 that same hypothesis test using pained samples, Nonsupery i= sory mine workers and nonsupervisory construction workers ate paired by matching workers with similar experience and 15 pairs 103057 ox9 216 “0.05 —1.89 Use these data to devide whether nonsupgrvisory mine work + ers cam a smaller average hourly wage than noasupervisory ‘construction workers, Perform the appropriate hypothesis test atthe S&% significance level. (Note: d = ~0.454, sy = 1.238.) 10.78 An algebra teacher wants to compare wo methods of teaching college algebra, One is ty€Tecture method and the other i the personalized system of instruction (PSI) ‘method. Students are paired by matching those with similar ‘mathematics background and performance. A random sample of 11 pairsis selected. From each pait, one student is randomly chosen to take the lecture course: the other, student takes the PSI course. Both courses are taught by the algebra teacher, ‘The final grades for the 11 pairs of students are as shown in the following table. Lecture | 66 93 36 84 60 66 80 73 74 83 52 PS! 67 93 35 85 64 57 79 70 67 79 50 Do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a difference in mean student performance between the two instructional methods? Perform the required hypothesis test at the 5% significance level. 10.79 Current Population Reports, published by the US, Bureau of the Census, presents data on the ages of ‘married people. Ten married couples are randomly selected and have the ages shown here, pa ey Husband | S421 32 78 70 33 68 32 S452 > Wite 33.22.33 74 OMS 67-28 a ae pe Se Do the data suggest that the mean age of married men is greater than the mean age of married women’ Perform the appropriate hypothesis test at the 5% significance level. Scanned with CamScanner XERCISES 11.2 m co 1250 and py © 0.50, The number of U.S. adults surveyed whe (avor 1 ts 50) The We have a of thine surveyed who favor a han aaa et s0/ St 20.820 (52.0%). Connenuenty, Uke value of the test outstic i 0.520 - 0.50 2 FO SOA 0505/1350 Step § neo the test statist falls in the rejection region, reject Hy otherwise, reject Ho. 141, which as we see from Fig. 11.2 tcp 4, the value of the test sz = region. hus we do not reject Hy Step 6 State the conclusion in words ‘The test results are not statistically significant at the 5% level; that is, at the 5% sig ‘evidence to conclude that a majority of . ce level, the data do not provide suflicie adults favor banning handgun sales. Example 11.4 also provides a good illustration of how statistical results are sometimes misstated, The newspaper article we read that featured the survey had the headline “Fear prompts 52% in U.S. to back pistol-sale ban, poll says.” In fact, the poll says no such thing, It says only that 52% of those sampled back a pistol-sale ban; and as we have seen, at the 5% significance level, those data do not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that even a majority of U.S. adults back a pistol-sale ban. By using the P-value approach to hypothesis testing, we can assess more precisely th evidence against the null iypothesis. From Step 4 of Example 11.4, we know that the valu of the test statistic is 2 = 1.41. Consulting Table II, we find that P = 0.0793. So we cann reject Hp at the 5% significance level, although we can reject it at the 8% significan level or for that matter at any level greater than or equal to 7.93%. Moreover, accondi to Table 9.12 on page 530, the data do provide moderate (but not strong) evidence agai the null hypothesis and thereby for the alternative hypothesis that a majority of U.S. adi favor banning handgun sales. to conclude that a majority of Arizona families who cek Exercises 11.25-11.34, perform each hypothesis test using her the classical approach or the P-value approach. Com- nt on the practical significance of all ests whose results are istically significant. 11.25 In December 1991, The Arizona Republic con- ed a telephone poll of 758 Arizona adults who celebrate stmas, The question asked was, “In your family, do you presents on Christmas Eve or Christmas Day?" Of those yed, 394 said they wait until Christmas Day. At the nificance {evel, do the data provide sufficient evidence Christmas wait until Christmas Day to open their presen . 11.26 ‘The Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Assoc of the United States reports in Motor Vehicle Facts and F that in 1962, foreign cars made up 4.8% of all U.S. ca in 1983 the percentage was 27.8%: and in 1990 the per Was 25.8%, From a sample of 500 of this year’s ea it is found that 128 are imports, Do the data suggest 5% significance level, that the percentage of foreign Scanned with CamScanner S Uh) NYROTHESIS FECTS FOR ONE PORLATNIN PROMIRTION: 869 We dave n= $280 ant pe = 0.80. The number of US, ately surveyed who faver Jatoing handgem sabes is 6S). Thesefore the proportion of those surveyed who favor a ha is > v/n o OMI = 0.500 S2OF), Consegoently, the vase ofthe west Matis ts _ 0$20- 0.80 £8 VERT THT Step $ the vale of dhe test statistic falls jn the rejection region, reject Has otherwise, sho noe raRCt No. =1at Prom Step 4 he value of the tet statistic is ¢ o> TAL, which as We see from Fig. 112 ‘oes not Tallin the rejection region. Thus we do not ieiect Seep 6 State the eonetasion in words. Tae fest esas ate aN Matstcally significant at the $4 level; that is, at the 5% sig- rificance Tove, the data do nat provide sufficient evidence to conclude that a majority of US. astults favor hunnning handgun sales, a Bxample 114 also provides a gout itfostration of how statistical results are sometimes risstated. The newspaper article we read that featured the suney had the headline “Fear [prone S24 in U.S. to hack pistol-sale han, poll sys In fact the poll says go sach thing, UW says only that $24 of those sampled back a pistol-sale ban: and as we have seen, at the 34 significance level, those data do not provide sufficient evidence to conctode that even majority of U.S. adults hack a pistolsale ban, By using the P-valee apymuach to hypothesis testing, we can assess more precisely the ‘evidence against the pull Hypothesis. From Step 4 of Example 11.4, we know that the value ‘of the text Statistics = 1-41. Consulting Table U, we find that P = 0.0793, So we cannot reject Hy at the S& significance level, although we can reject i€ at the S%& significance Jevel or for that matter at any level greater than or equal to 7.93%, Moreover, according to Table 9.12 on page $30, the data do provide moderate (but not strong) evidence against the null hypouhess and thereby forthe alternative hypothesis that a majority of U.S. adults favor banning handgun sal tne 1 dn Buercises 11,25-11.34, perform cach hypochesis test osing

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