Megan Paje

Dr. Maynard
MUED 271
27 Oct 2020
Hammel Discussion Question Responses
Chapter 1
1. Public education should serve as a place where citizens can learn to become responsible
and prepared individuals for society. In order to implement the idea of democracy,
students should have a say in the educational process to increase participation and
effectiveness of decisions.
2. There is a lack of funding in schools that results in inequities in the field surrounding help
for individuals who require more educational assistance than most students. Less funding
means a greater gap in the developmental abilities of students with disabilities and those
without since they have little to no help in progressing their abilities.
3. Special education is specially designed instruction which meets the unique need of an
exceptional child.
4. As programs become larger, it becomes more difficult for teachers to implement the
important factor of one on one interaction that these students need succeed. Also, with the
heavy emphasis on standardized learning, it can be hard for students with disabilities to
integrate into these norms with the little help they are experiencing.
5. Schools are often disproportionally funded by a real estate tax-based system. Wealthier
areas are given more funding and access to better opportunity than urban areas.
6. Urban and rural settings receive less funding and, in turn, are unable to afford high
quantities of teachers to help students. They are usually understaffed and struggle to meet
requirements. Often times, underfunding in these schools causes the expenses to fall on
the family.
7. Families can experience not only a financial burden of expenses surrounding equipment,
services, or legal fees, but also an emotional burden. Stress can be placed on parents or
other members due to the child’s unequal opportunity from lack of connection within
their relationships at home and in the school system.
8. The six categories of disabilities include cognitive, communication, behavioral,
emotional, physical, and sensory. The label free approach refers to the focus on a
student’s individual person as opposed to their diagnosed disabilities. Their special needs
do not define their entire personality within the school system.
Chapter 2
1. Parents and advocates realized that true progress for their causes lied in the government’s
hands. They fought for sections of acts include language similar to the civil rights
movement that prohibits the discrimination of people with disabilities. It states that
student with disabilities will be provided with “a free appropriate public education.”
2. It was clarified in 1986 with the passage of P.L 99-457 and amended and renamed the
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act in 1990. The IDEA was altered by stating
children were retermed individuation, changing the term handicapped to persons with
disabilities, implementing transition plans, and adding autism and traumatic brain injury
to the list of identified disabilities.
3. The six principles of IDEA include zero reject, nondiscriminatory evaluations, free
appropriate public education, least restrictive environments, procedural due process, and
parental involvement. These principles set the foundation and serve as the framework for
those to use to improve environments for those with disabilities.
4. The idea of a LRE is to the maximum extent appropriate by having students with
disabilities educated with students who are not disabled. This can be achieved through the
use of a paraprofessional, more one on one interaction, or modifications to instruments to
simplify function for the disability.
5. Although AYP are required by schools and heavily focused on due to their importance
for funding, it is simply not an efficient way to monitor progress. Having that in person
class experience can help solidify connections through interactive activities that produce
more cognitive recognition than traditional paper and pencil preparation.
6. You can participate as part of the RTI system by testing technical aspects of music
instead of tone or quality of sound. Examples of these an include sightreading, key
signatures, time signatures and rhythm, and other theory elements.