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StckStulo, 5 phone) Qualty Stock Ars 9§ (woman with headseyProtiage Coste. 404 (globe Ralamurzing, 104 hotel entrancefDatourdumonde Photogsphy), 404 (Stephani Mets) 112 (deity Chetrank_ peer) 14 infrmation ‘Kakimulin Aleksandr) 117 {women whisperingjesadaphor) 22 (ack camera) jeci 122 (pink camerajoman Spohn), 134 (aunt and nieces mages Grou 143 onan DovisAser Romero, 146 balalakaSereSmas) Superstock p. 6 2+ickson Production ne) 16 (Detroit ira 190fGrca Images(Glasshouse Images), 25 (dawingan Cook/image Source, 64 [FarthyNASA 103 ursefcala Images) 104 (bed and breakfast}Ouo StadlerofinazeBROKER, ‘Tinkersbubble org: .5(Tinker’sBubbleDavid Spr[BH aunentic Content Provide by Oxford Reference ‘The ule isa he who hase person ows tetas nd decison 7 adapted fom facial expression" In The Of Comput the Bay ited ‘byBlskerore, Colin. and Jeet Shella: Oxford Univerity Pes. 200 tp ‘worwoxfrdreferencecomlew/i 1083acre'3730198524038. 00% 001 ‘SPeoisesas0ave-360 ‘p19 adapted rom “aj "In Te fr Cmponton te Minded by Richard Gregory: Oxford University Press, 2004 pwmoeoxfrdeference cm) ‘eb sonjcr9780 15865242001 00 ste 97901 986622¢26 209 38 selected fom Henry Miler Infor Diciary of tats edited by Knowles, Elizabeth: Oxbrd Universi Pres, 2014 hap. wwwoxordeerence comew10099}cre)9740195468700 001.003 f¢suthor 0001090002298 4 adapted fom “Climate Conon Bop Ciel and Weather, cited by Schnee Stephen Hoot Ten Ly an Mastandee hal. ‘Oxford Univesity Press, 2011 hp fwrwanfordeference com 10.108 scef9 7609976532400 oper 7H017ESI24e-084 65 apt fom “Space Fao nT Of yf Fd nd Drink ‘naoer eed by Anirew Sith: Oxford University ress, 201. ti ‘Tarren ie e570 7 S501 00 rt ‘p82 apt fom “loanword” In Gc nid Compan othe gh guage eed by MeArhur To: Oxford Univer ress, 1998 hpww cxtoedreference com) iew010sjare(978019280 "0619001000 ‘Sreoisason6ie737 ‘p91 adapted fom “Organi Food” In The Of gap of Fd an Drink ‘naoner ede by Andrew Sith: Oxford Univer Pres, 2012 tp ‘worwaxfdreterenceconjiew/10093ere3790199734963 00.001 ‘SPeoiosraseae3t ‘101 adapted rom “inerviews"In he OxbredCompuno tthe Mi, edited by Richard Gregory: Oxford Univeity Press, 2008 hpwwwatoreferene om ‘eu sone 79019866243 00 00 are 790198662242e 465 ‘116 adap om formation Theory tn Enea eied by ‘Mice Kelly: Oxford University Pes, 2014p ewwoxfordreference com) ‘ew sonar e0 19974708 00% 00st 9701987471086 407 ‘p04 adapted rom "Hemingway Eres” tn The Oot Ppa erature eat by Jy Pari aa Philip W.eninger: Oxford University res, 2008 hy ewewonordefrencecomvcw01095cre780195136539 00001) Scxef97809815653900117 $142 sped fom Prine’ Deum” nina oft Sxl Soe, {yyCralg Calhoun: Oxford Universi Press, 2002 hp swnanfordeference om eof 0109249790 195123715 001. 000%]ucet 9780195423716 1998 ‘2.14 selected fom Ralph Waldo Emerson In Od Esa Quan, eed ‘byRaeif, Susan! 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EL Cogul spain. 2015, Mare Serena an Ey Bayer ina vintage Volkswagen van ‘our some of the inst villages ther homeland of Catalonia while researching book about contemporary ‘a if Ther book, Matamyo, was publ p90 selects rom "Robert Maynard Hutchins” In The Oy Diionary of American {otto eited by Rawson, Hugh and Margaret Miner: Oxford Univesity Pres, 2006 np wwwoxordeference com view 10.1093(cref9 780195168235 001001) ‘author 0000800000812, [p13 selects rom "Louisa May Alot tn The Oxo Dicioary of Amer {Quotations eid by Rawson Hugh and Margaret Miner: Oxford Univesity Pres, 2006 hntpwwwoordeferencecomview 10.1093)cre9 78019516823 0010001) ‘author 00008 00000025, [p82 selects rom "Jeane Godar”In Ord Dison of urtais, edited by Knowles, lizabeth Oxford University Press, 2014. ht: /wrwoxforreerence ‘comjew/10.109aacref'780199668700.00 000g author 00100000136 [p38 selects rom "Abert Ensen” In sf Ditiary of Quotations, edited by Kowies. Hizabeth: Oxford Universi Pres, 201. ht frrwoxtordreference, ‘comjiew/10109ref9780199668700.00 001g author 0010 40001079 34 selets rom "Shopping." In Of itor of arr Quan, edited by Sheri, Ned: Oxford University Press, 2012 hitp/wwwoxforreference.com) ‘hew/10.109crf9740199570024 003 001) subje. 0000200000200 155 selected rom “Diane Ravitch In Ord Eset Quotations, ete by Rati Susan: Oxford University Pres, tpwewaxTordreerence come 1093) _cre9780191885730 00.000 j¢or<85 0001763 136 adapted from “Wikipedia In Dior of oun by Tony Hare: Ovford University Press, 2014. hp oxfodreerece comew)10.1099) acre9780199646241,001,001creF9780199646241-6 1488, 136 selected hom “Nel Galman” In ifr set Qua edited by Rai, Susan: Oxford University Pres. pew xfodreerencecomiew10.108 _cref9780191685730.001.0001}¢or0 500017943 157 adapted ftom fan ficionIn The Oxi Companion to Che's Lert ated by Hahn. Dane: Oxford University Press, 2015. ep. wweofordreference com ew 083er9780199695140.001,00011cr9701996951404-1106| [p157 selected rom “Oscar Wide” In Oxford Don of uations edited by Knowles. lzabeth= Oxford University Press, 2014. tp:/wrw.xfondreerence ‘ome. L0nacref)780199668700.001 000 aor ao040-00000421 258 adapted from “emotional appeal" In A DcioyafBushessand Management. ‘edited by Law jonathan Onford Unversity ress, 2016 hapwwwoxorreference fompiew)0 oagucrefa780199684964001000{ bert 7s0L9s6849842172, [p258 selects from “LAUGH and the word laughs with you weep a you ‘weep alone" In Oxford Dito of Pres, eitedby Speake, Jennie: (Onforl University Press, 2015. tpewewtonfordreerence ce 10.1095) ‘acre9780158724901 01.0001 ref 97H0198734901-61226 1127 Batract fom Oxford Bookworms Factiles, Stage John F. Kennedy by Anne Colins. © Oxford University Pres 2014 Reproduced by permision, “The publisher and author would keto hank the following forthe ime and ‘Annie Hudson | Davie Mccandss Eugene Minogue ‘with special thanks wo Robert Campbell Lindsay Ganatekar SEL E Skimming Guessing meaning from context Showing interest Facial Expressions A ie Py Scanning Previewing Telling and en responding mB OS toastory Recognizing and | Understanding a Describing Understanding speaker's purpose experiences synonyms and events Could a robot do your job? 5 we al) Separating fact and | Recognizing ‘Asking for and pinion reductions with to giving directions Travel around Central America: Day 28 Recognizing cause | Distinguishing levels _ Describing places and eect of formality The Secret ofa a Happy Home O Tinkers Bubble Recognizing prefixes | Listening for specific information Ye Space Food From Selt-Portraiture to Sele Using informal expressions in emails Using time expressions Using addition linking words Using the right tone in text messages Using synonyms Giving a presentation | Writing opening Using visuals sentencesESSN © Starting and ending a conversation © Apotogizing O simply enthusiastic ful -»faly ‘There are some iegular adverbs of manner. The adverb for goods wel. A small numberof adverbs of manner have the same form as the adjective like early, fast, hard, and late. oxford 3000 BUILD Write the adverbs for these adjectives. happy loud dangerous fast good painful gentle USE Complete the text. Change the adjectives in parentheses into adverbs To have good friends, you need to be a good friend. You need to take your friendship" Gerious) and work (hard) to support each other through ‘good times and bad. It isa two-way relationship, where you give your time» (willing) and * (generous). Exchanging gifts is a way to thank your friends ‘and to show you appreciate them. Giving a * (Heautifu wrapped gift allows you to connect and can ‘ (reat) strengthen your relationship. What's more, research also shows that giving a gift makes you feel happier!ed (aneincuun ie ees nee When we write emails to people we know well, such as friends and family, we use informal expressions. You can appear angry, rude, or upset if you use expressions that are too formal Informal expressions are usually shorter, and can often be sed in speech as well as writing, Hello! / Hit How are you? 42 APPLY Write each word or phrase below the correct, heading ti How's it going? Kind regards Dear Hey Lots of ove I would ike to ask it Well, that'll fr now. Best wishes Lope this email finds you wel Vim wating because. Please get in touch at your earliest convenience. Hope to hea from you soon, Justa quicknote to How ae things? Greeting Formal or informal? opening, Formal or informal? Reason for writing Formal or informal? Closing Formal or informal? Saying goodbye Formal or informal? 43 IDENTIFY Look again at the expressions in Exercise 12, Waite F (formal) oF I (informal) next to each expression. Some expressions can be both formal and informal 14. ASSESS Look at the emails again. Which expressions can you find? 45 WRITE choose one type of friend from Exercise 1. Think ‘of a person you know, and write an informal email to invite this person to an event, Use the expressions in Exercise 12 to help you. 16 DEVELOP Exchange emails with a partner. Read your partner's email Identify the type of friend your partner is, ‘writing to, and then use the checklist to help you review their work ils the email well organized? [ils the invitation clear? [ils the language appropriate? Are there any grammar, vocabulary, or punctuation errors? 47 IMPROVE Ask your partner to suggest improvements to your email. Then write your email again, making any necessary changes MB WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Think about an invitation you received, Who was i rom? What was the invitation? Did you accept it? "Hello and Goodbye 1 Talk about the pictures witha partner. What's happening? Where are the people? In what ways are the situations the same or different? 20 Watch the video and answer the questions. What reason does Kevin give for leaving? Why is Max surprised to see Andy? What is causing the bad smel? Where is Professor Lopez going next? Why is Andy worried? 3 Think about Max's relationship with the people in the video. With a partner, choose your answers to these questions Very well Not at all a How well does Max know Andy and Kevin? 1 io Be 4S bb How well does he know Professor Lopez? 1 2 3 4 5 Relaxed Formal How does Max feel speaking with Kevin and Andy? 1-234 d How does he feel speaking with Professor lopez? 12-23 4S Conversations often begin with a greeting and a question about how the other person is. Asking how the other person is helps to build the conversation or keep it short if the pperson has no time to chat. How you respond to this lets the other person know the direction you would like the conversation to take. To finish a conversation, iis polite to let the other person know you have to go before you say goodbye, People often give a reason for wanting or needing to go. Welt it's get4 Q@INTEGRATE Watch the video again. Who says each 7 EXPAND Match each expression in Exercise 6 with expression? reply. Seene 1 Tk To start the conversation B: Sure. Take it easy. 2k prea B: Of course. It was nice to see you. 1 Howsitgoing? |] o o A 2 What's up? dg g Oo 8: It going OK, thanks. 4k To end the conversation ae Max | andy | Kevin SA 1 Hreach pws — = 8: mvery wel thank you. ater ue 8 INTERACT Practice each dialogue with a partner. 2 See you gd g 3 Bye. oO o 9 INTEGRATE With a partner, prepare to role-play a short conversation between two people. Use the questions to Seene2 help you decide the context. Co Who are the speakers? (What are their names?) 1 Professor 2. What the relationship between them? Mi and x Andy “Lopez 3. How well do they know each other? 1 Good afternoon, | C] o Oo 4 Where does the conversation take place? 2. Howare you? 0 og oO 5. Should the language be careful and polite or relaxed and informal? To end the conversation 6 How can you start and end the conversation? max | andy P*PIEESOT 10. INTERACT Role-play your conversation forthe cas. = Your classmates can refer to the questions in Exercise 9 to Heras a a o analyze the context 2 Take cre gd g o 3 Nice to se you a Oo Oo 5 ANALYZE With a partner, compare the two scenes How isthe language aifferent? Why? In what way are the conversations similar? 6 DEVELOP Which expressions below would you use with these people? Why? Discuss your answers with a partner ‘a co-worker aneighbor your teacher aclosefriend family member your boss Hello. How are you? Hey. How's it going? What’s up? twas great to see you, but it’s getting late I really should go. Got to go. See you around. co-worker | don't know well: Hello. How are you? co-worker | know well: Hey. How's it-going?1 @ ACTIVATE Look at this list of topics people often talk 5 @ IDENTIFY Listen to the conversation again. Which about when they fist meet, Then listen to the questions. ‘expressions for showing interest do you hear? Write the number of each question (1-8) next to the correct topic. 6 APPLY With a partner, practice responding to each hometown __weather__work _sports statement using an expression from the box. schoo! family __free time vacation 1 My sister tvs in Malaysia ''m studying economics at Oxford. ke playing soccer on weekends. {'m thinking of traveling around Europe for three months. My bestfriend and I share the same birthday. Sane Reon ene ese a “The way you use your voice is an important part of showing someone you are interested in what they are saying. Often, the more your voice rises and falls, the ‘more interested you sound. 7 @ NOTICE tisten to these sentences. You will hear each sentence twice. Which sounds more interested: A or 8? Ties in Sh decal. |, | retort erent Ne 1 W's very today, don’t you think? 4 You're going on vacation to Mexico. AIB 5 Doyouhaveany or? 8 Photography sounds like an interesting hobby. A/B pao : 8B @ APPLY Listen and repeat. Practice making your voice ‘3 ASSESS Read the definition of smal tak. Why is small 9 9 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Do you find it easy or difficult talk important? to make small talk with people you don’t know? What do you usually talk about? ‘smal tall noun [U] polite conversation, for example at a party, about unimportant things 40 INTERACT imagine you are at a party where you don’t know anyone, Stand up and make smal talk with your 4 @ IDENTIFY Listen to Pippa and Grace make small talk sone ata community barbecue. Which topes from Exercise 1 1 Start the conversation and introduce yourself. do they talk about? 1 Make small tlk and ask questions to develop the conversation. S® SPEAKING Showing interest 1 Show you are interested by reacting to what you hear. When speaking with people, shoving interest in what 1 Use intonation to sound interested. they are saying will encourage them and help keep the Conversation going, Use these expressions to show you are interested in what the other person is saying: = End the conversation, Say goodbye. Really? — Wow. ‘That's great. How exciting! ‘Amazing! Ohyeah? incredible! That's interesting.ity turning around? top? no found the key to ancient Egypt? eee es Ce aChanging Times 4. ACTIVATE Think about the area you ive in, What has changed in the lst five years? 2 VOCABULARY Match the words that have a similar meaning. Use a dictionary to help you. 1 abandon (%) advantage () 2 benefit») b decline (») 3 decrease (n) © rise (r) 4 growth (r) 4. improve (r) 5 recover ¥) © leave) 6 replace (v) £ take the place of (phr) 7. reverse () 9 undo () ‘Toxford 3000™ 3 INTERACT Work in pairs. Look at the photographs of Detroit, Michigan. How did the city change? What do you think caused its growth and decline? The. of the West The. capital ofthe world The largest cityin the United States along period of, population fell to 4 @ IDENTIFY Listen to the first part of a podcast and ‘choose the correct answers. 1 Detroit had a successful building / car / job industry. 2 The population grew / decreased / stayed the same in the 1950s, 3. By 2014, Detroit was successful / growing / in decline. 5 @ EXPAND Listen again. Complete the missing information inthe timeline from Exercise 3 manufacturing. With a partner, think of at least three cities in your country that are famous for something, SD LISTENING SKILL Previewing You can improve your comprehension by trying to predict ‘what you might hear before you listen. Use information such as the title, headings, and any photographs to help you focus on the topic. Ask yourself what you know about the topic, and think of any key words and phrases you might hear. 7 APPLY Before you listen, study the headings and the photograph. What do they tell you about Detroit today? ‘What do you think the next part ofthe podcast is about? (aia Matters Episode 16:A New Hope ery Se8 @ ASSESS Listen to the second half of the podcast. Were your predictions in Exercise 7 correct? 9 @ IDENTIFY Listen again and answer the questions. 1 When did Clara move back to Detroit? 2. What are residents of Detroit called? 3. What is Clara's job? 4. Which type of companies are moving to Detroit? 5. What benefit of living in Detroit does Clara ‘not mention? low cost of living great art scene ‘good restaurants sports cheap property support for businesses %o WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? What are residents of your hometown called? What are the advantages of living there? 111 ASSESS Study the Grammar box and complete the rules. Seen eed and are the past forms of is, isn't, am, and ‘am not. and are the past forms of are and aren’. We often use was/were with past time expressions ike last week, in 2003, 500 years ago, or yesterdoy. In the nineteenth century, Detroit was an important business center We also use there was/wasn't and there were/weren't to talk about things in the past. There were lots of jobs in the car industry. People left the city because there wasn’t a future for them See Grammar focus on page 160, 42 APPLY Complete the text using there wos/wosn't or there wereiwerent. | grew up in a small vilage. nly 4,000 people! It was a friendly place, and iked it, but | remember? lot to do after school or on any big stores, for example, and a movie theater ether. When I went back recently, | was surprised. It asso different! * huge shopping center, a new sports stadium, and even a hotel, « lots of new houses and people everywhere, To be honest, I don’t think Ike it anymore! weekends. » 43 EXPAND Use the words and phrases in the box to complete the text. was were there was there were ‘wasn't weren't there wasn't there weren't My family lived in Taiwan when | ‘younger. We2____in the south for three years, and I realy enjoyed my time there, Our apartment * very large, but * a small field nearby. | remember pl ‘some banana trees in the field. They large trees, but they had lots of bananas. ‘We lived in a city, and” many places to play, 50 ll the children from the neighborhood went to this field, Then one summer, the owner of the field cut down all the trees and built a parking lot. We were sad because anywhere to play. SD PRONUNCIATION SKILL Word stres: ‘Al words have sylables. A syllable isa sound; for example, water has two syllables. For words with two or more syflables, one syllable is stressed more than the others. It is often louder than the other syllables: for example, TOpic, CApital,imPORtant. tressing the correct syllable in a word is very important. If you stress the wrong sylable, then the word can be difficult to understand. 914 @ NOTICE Listen and find the stressed syllable in each word. 1. abandon 5 million 2. advantages 6 recovering 3 benefit 7 replace 4. improve 8 reverse 15 @ APPLY Listen and repeat. 46 IDENTIFY Work in paits. Find the stressed syllable in these words. 1. apartment 6 manufacturing 2. important 7. impossible 3 business 8 neighborhood 4 company 9 property 5 industry 47 @ APPLY Listen and check. Then listen and repeat. %: WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Think ofa town or cty you know wel, How was it different in the past? Do you think the changes are good or bad? ”4. ACTIVATE Read the text. When do you fel that time Goes quickly? When does it go slowly? “twas ten years od, and it wos the last doy of schoo! before the summer vacation. | was studying math, and | couldnt concentrate. The time wos gong s slow! I was fang asleep at my desk when the bell rang, and everyone cheered! Now Icon’ even remember the vacation, but | emember that lost day of school "—Rick 2 INTEGRATE study these sentences from the text in Exercise 1. Then choose the correct tenses to complete the rules in the Grammar box. It was the last day of school. Time was going so slowly | was falling asleep at my desk when the bell rang EUs SG eeu ecu tes We use the ‘simple past/ past continuous to talk about completed actions, the order of events, repeated actions, and past states, We use the “simple past/ past continuous to tak about actions in progress in the past or to describe a scene. We use the past continuous and simple past with when to talk about one action interrupting another action in the ppast. We use the past continuous for the *shorter/ longer action and the simple past for the ‘shorter! longer action, See Grammar focus on page 160, 3 IDENTIFY Write simple past or past continuous for each sentence. 1 went to sleep early last night. 2. Inthe morning, | woke up, got up, and opened the window. The sun was shining, but it was raining, | ooked at my watch three times. | couldn't believe it was 9 a.m.! At 10 a.m., | was stil getting ready for work. 4. APPLY Write the number of each sentence in Exercise 3 next to the correct use. things that happened one after the other _ ‘completed actions in the past _ repeated actions __ to describe a scene __ actions in progress in the past__ to describe past states __ 5 EXPAND Complete the text using the verbs in parentheses in the simple past or past continuous. Can our emotions atfect our perceptions of time? Dr. David Eagleman, from Stanford University, (Gtudy) time and® Civent) a test to find out if ime really does slow down when we ae in danger. Volunteers» (all) backward from a height of 15 stories. While they (ald, they (try) to read numbers flashing infront of them on two screens. The results? Well they couldn't read the numbers, so time (n0t/ low) down for them. However, the fll” (Cake) only three seconds, but afterward volunteers said it (feel) much longer. Dr. Eagleman’s test” (prove) that time doesn't slow down, but our memory of time slows down when we feel in danger. Time can go quicker or slower in our minds! Atest of time perception 6 INTEGRATE Read the text. There are six mistakes with simple past and past continuous. Find them and correct them Ina different experiment, Or Eagle man was asking people to look at a computer screen. While they looked at the screen, lots of images were appearing. They needed to click a button when an image was appearing, and again when it disappeared, Most images were being of the same brown shoe, but sometimes there was an image of a flower - the “oddball”. All the images were on the screen for the same length of time, but after the test, more than 70 percent of people were saying the oddball images ‘were on the screen longer. The “oddball effect” happens when the brain experiences something new, unusual, or interesting, and this can affect how we experience time passing227" Unread Scanning means quickly looking through a text to find the information you want. This is useful when you want to find answers to specific questions rather than understand the whole text. You do not need to read every word. Only ook forthe information you need to find. 7 APPLY Scan the article to find answers to these questions 1 What is deja vu? 2 At what events do people usually experience deja vu? 3. What does déja vu mean in English? 4. How long does it last? 8 IDENTIFY Now read the article. Decide if the statements are true (1), false (F), oF not given (NG). 1 Déja vu is when you have the same experience twice, Most people experience déja vu only once. __ ‘There are different explanations for déja vu. There are different types of di We remember emotional events more easily. 9 EXPAND How many explanations for déja vu are therein the article? Which one do you believe? “Ithappened on my first visit to Paris. As [was walking along the street, [suddenly had the feeling that this wasn’t my first time in the city. I felt that | recognized the place. It was all happening again!” ‘This isa typical example of déja vu. The phrase comes from French and literally means “already seen” in English. Déja vuis the feeling that someplace or something is very familiar to you, but you know it can’t be true. Itasts only fora few seconds, but most people experience déja vu at least once in theit lives. So, are we remembering something that happened. in the past? It’s certainly possible that we are remembering a similar event that did happen and are confusing the two. Alternatively, some people say it’s because the left and right sides of the brain lose connection for a momen ide of the brain receives the messages a short time after the other. However, another explanation is that our long-term memory changes over time, Each time we remember an event, we change it. This gives us false ‘memories. When we are in a situation that we are certain is “new"—and especially when our emotions are involved —these false memories can come to the surface. This is why people experience déja vu most often when they go to new places or to events such as weddings, job interviews, and funerals. adapted rom The Oxford Companion tothe Mind Richard L Gregory Se ee * 1910 " We can use the noun time with different parts of speech. adjective + time: the first / next /ast time, a short/long time, this / that time preposition + time: overtime, through time, in time, on time verb + time: have time, spend time, waste time, make time, run out of time Scan the article again to find all the examples of phrases with time, What parts of speech are they used with? 12 ILD Read the sentences and decide which part of speech is missing: adjective, preposition, or verb. Zoe pola sat Th fey ha time. time | went skiing, | broke my leg 3 time doing things you enjoy will make time pass more quickly 4. My brother time playing computer games instead of studying, so he failed his exams. 5 Itook scientists a time to discover DNA 6 Things such as the cost of living and property prices increase time. 7 Happy people time to exercise, eat healthily, and do fun things lke see friends, The time I go on vacation, !'m going somewhere hot. The weather here is so cold! INTEGRATE Complete the sentences in Exercise 11 with the correct words. Check that you used the correct form of the verbs. Have you or any of your classmates ever experienced déja vu? When? Share your storiesUncovering the Past 4. ACTIVATE write the name ofeach discovery under the correct photograph Stonehenge Nazca Lines ‘Terracotta Warriors__-Gabekli Tepe 3 4 2. IDENTIFY Wherein the world are these discoveries? 3 INTERACT Work in groups. Make notes on anything you Match each country with a discovery from Exercise 1 know about these discoveries. Then share your ideas with 1 England a Gébekli Tepe ‘the class 2 China b_ Nazca Lines 9 eae reese Wat 4 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Which cscovery is most 4 Turkey d Stonehenge mysterious to you? Why; aFU mee We use used toto talk about regular actions that we did in the past but don’t do now. We form positive sentences with used to + infinitive. Inancient Egypt, people used to write in hieroglya We form negative sentences with didn't + use to + infinitive. We didn’t use to understand hierogtyphics. We form questions with Did + subject + use to + infinitive? Did the Eyptians use to speak all three languages? See Grammar focus on page 160, 5 IDENTIFY Choose the correct form of used to to complete the sentences. 1 People used to / did't use tobe able to touch the Stonehenge stones, Now, they can’t 2 The emperor use fo / used to be buried with terracotta 3. The Nazca Lines used to / used be wel preserved, but now they are damaged. 4. People didn’ use to / used to live on Easter Island. No ‘one knows what happened to them, 5 What did people used to / use to do at Gabe Tepe? lesa mystery! 6 INTEGRATE Complete the sentences with the correct form of used to and the verbs in the box. be build build use write The Incan Empire is famous for its impressive architecture. They complex cities that worked well with the surrounding land. One example is Machu Picchu, Machu Picchu means “old peak.” It is on a tall mountain There * 140 buildings there, and people think the city is in the shape of a bitd. One of the mysteries of Machu Picchu is how the Incans built the city. We know the Incans * (not) the wheel, but did you know they * (not) either? How § (they) such complex cities without writing? 7 EXPAND Skim the article, What links the Rosetta Stone and hieroglyphics? 8B ASSESS Read the article again and answer the questions, What did the ancient Egyptians use for paper? What else did the Egyptians use to write on? What is the Rosetta Stone? Who found it? When did they find it? Where did they find it? Who translated it? Why is it an important discovery? The Rosetta Stone Inancient Egypt, people used to write in hieroglyphics. ‘They used pictures, or hieroglyphs, to represent words, ‘lables, or sounds. The word hieroglyph comes from two Greek words: heros (holy) and glyphe (writing). So, hieroalyph ‘means holy writing” Atthat time, ancient Egyptians used to ‘write on papyrus. They used to dry papyrus reeds to make paper. They also used to paint the hieroglyphs on walls or carve them onto stone, We didrit use to understand hieroglyphics unt the liscovery ofthe Rosetta Stone. In July 1799, French soldiers, were exploring E-Rashid, Egypt. small town also called Rosetta, when they found a strange stone. Three types of \wtting were on the stone: Greek, Egyptian, and hieroglyphics. 11822, Frenchman Jean-Francois Champollion made an Important breakthrough. While he was studying the stone, he realize thatthe writing was the same passage, repeated ineach type of writing, Using his knowledge of Greek and Eayptian he transiated the hieroalyphics. Did the Egyptians use to speakall three languages? \Whoever made the stone did, Thanks tothe stone, the world hhad the key to three thousand years of Egyptian history! It unlocked the mysteries of ancient Egypt. 2 ‘An example of hieroglyphics Papyrus plants| “The Rosetta Stone227 Maa Re ee 9% WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Work with a partner. Think of We often use time expressions when we write in the lscovery you would like to leatn more about. Choose past to show when things happened, for example: ‘one ofthe discoveries in Exercise 1 of something else. Tost week/year, five years ago, in the summer, and €n june 20. Using time expressions helps readers to 413 PREPARE Research the discovery online to find facts and follow the order of events information, Take notes to answer these questions: 1 What sit? 9 APPLY Complete the lists with the time expressions in 2 Who discovered it? the box. 3. When did they find it? meanwhile until afterward 4 Where did they ind te? tater atthattime during 5 Whyisit an important discovery? 2 6 How did life use to be before the discovery? 1 Time expressions for events happening at diferent times: 414 PLAN Look at your notes and decide how to organize a previously ne short article about the discovery. Make sure you answer ie ill the questions from Exercise 13, et a 15. WRITE Write your article. Use no more than 200 words. 2 Time expressions for a period of time inthe past: Use the checklist to help you back then along time ago Add photographs or pictues. Use time expressions 3. Time expressions for events happening together: 7 oe (J Answer the questions in Exercise 13. at the same time while when as 16 SHARE Exchange articles with a partner. Read your partners article, Does it answer the questions in 10 IDENTIFY Look at the article on the Rosetta Stone again Ceres aay tie cna occa tear How many time expressions can you find? 47 IMPROVE Look again at your partner's article and make 41 APPLY Choose the correct time expression to complete ee ee each statement. 9 Pt 1 French soldiers found the Rosetta Stone in/on 9s WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Post your article online. Add July 15, 1798. it to your social media page or blog. Ask your friends for Sean aes CeCe aus ay 23Oh No! Is That the Time? For each situation, decide when you should typically arrive. early ontime late 1 ajob interview 2. English dass 3 meeting friends 4 apany 5 visiting relatives 6 the doctor or dentist 000000 000000 000000 2 Work in groups. Share your answers from the quiz. What does it mean to be “on time”? How many minutes is “early” or “late”? Who is the most punctual person in your group? 30 Watch the video and answer the questions. 1 What was Andy doing when Max called? 2. Why did Max call Andy? 3. Who did Andy meet on his way out ofthe building? 4 How late was Andy when he finally arrived? The language you use to apologize to someone often depends on how serious the mistake is and your relationship to the person. If the mistake is big or you do not have a close relationship with the person, you may need to apologize directly by taking responsibilty and explaining why it happened. If the mistake is small or with someone you know wel, you may not need to be as direct or take as much responsibilty for the mistake. It is common to use words lke realy or so to emphasize how sorty you are, The number of times you apologize is also important. You can also repeat very or really for emphasis. yy. Imsosorry Its often a good idea to offer to fix the problem and promise to avoid making the same mistake in the futur. 2:4 INTERACT How important sit your culture to apologize? Do you always apologize when you are late? 5 DEVELOP Write each function in the correct place. Promise to do beter Take responsibility Give an explanation Say you'te sorry Offer to fix the problem Functions of an apology 1 Sorry I'm really/so sorry V’m very sorry about. | do) apologize. My mistake, I'm always late. ''m so forgetful Its all my fault My train was late. | saw James and stopped to chat The traffic is terrible! | totally forgot! Let me buy another one for you. 1 help you clean this up. ‘This won't happen agait Hl definitely finish this tomorrow. 6 APPLY Look at these sentences from the video. With a partner, decide who Andy was apologizing to, and then ‘match each sentence with a function from the box above. 1. Here, let me help you. 2. | promise to be on time next week. 3. Iran into Professor Jackson! 4 It was completely my fault. 5. I'mlate for a meeting, so I was in a hurry. 7 @ INTEGRATE Watch the video again, Note the expressions Andy uses to apologize. 1. To apologize to Max: 2. To apologize to Professor Jackson: 3 To apologize to the study group: —___ 8 ANALYZE Compare the way Andy apologizes to each person. Why does he apologize differently each time? ‘Think about the context for each apology, and discuss these questions with a partner. 1. How serious was Andy's mistake? 2 How well does Andy know the person? 3. What is their relationship? 9 ANALYZE with a partner, prepare to role-play these short conversations, Discuss the context, How serious is being late in each situation? How much does it affect the other person? Also think about how well the people know each other and what their relationship is. Choose ‘Which functions to include in your apology and which expressions to use 1 A: You area teacher. You didn’t have time to grade your student’s homework from the last class B: You are a student. Ask your teacher for your homework, 2 A: You area store manager. You went to a meeting that lasted longer than expected, You return to your ‘office 30 minutes late to interview a job applicant. 8: You are the job applicant. You are worried about picking up your kids after school 3. A: You area customer ina restaurant, You asked the server for the check 20 minutes ago. You are still waiting 8: You are the server. You forgot to bring the check because the restaurant is busy 4A: You are working with a classmate on an important assignment. You agree to meet one evening to complete it together, but your classmate arrives very late 8: You are the classmate, Explain why you are late. 40 INTERACT in groups, take tums role-playing your conversations. Decide if the apology and the language is appropriate. Discuss why.4. ACTIVATE Describe the picture with a partner. Who are the people? Where are they? What's happening? 9 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? What did you use to-do with your family asa child? 3. @ APPLY Listen to Sal tll her frend Anna a story about her childhood. Answer the questions. 1) What did Anna use to do with her family? What dd her mother tll her? What git did her mother give he? What two places did Anna use to ve? In what way did this day Inuence he? SPU When you tell a story, start by giving some background, information, Ike where and when it took place. Use adjectives to describe how you felt. This can help your story come alive, Iwas so scared! twas realy funny. felt so happy. If there are several steps, use time expressions (frst, then, ‘nex, after that) to show the structure of the story. Remember to vary your intonation to keep the lstener interested, ee eat aah she never said things ike tat When listening to someone tela story, you can ask questions to keep the story moving forward, What did you do then? How did that make you feel? > 4 @ IDENTIFY Listen again. How does Sally introduce her story? What adjectives does she use to bring her story alive? 5. @ EXPAND Listen once mor. Wite two questions Anna uses to move the story forward 6 @ APPLY Listen to the sentences. Mark how Sally varies her voice 1 always remember the last time. 2. My mom said she wanted to talk 3. I didn’t want to leave my friends 4 That's how I started taking photos. 5. The restis history! ? 7 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Think of an important event in your life. Choose one of the ideas below, or use your ‘own idea, first job interview trip to... first day at school the day | met, first apartment when I got. 8 PREPARE Prepare to tell your story. Follow the outine below and make notes Introduce your story Describe how you felt Say what happened Explain why the story is important 9 DEVELOP Practice teling your story. Use time expressions where needed, and remember to vary your intonation 10 INTERACT Work in groups. Tell your stories to each ‘other, and ask questions to help to keep the stories moving forward, Ni never forget my first day at college. | was.>| N N Pein t thing you remember learning? Work in groups and compare hare your memories with a partner. Coney video about something you've always wanted to learn3.1 11 ACTIVATE Read the text. Choose the statements that are correct. ‘An application for a job or further studies needs a good cover leer. Its an opportunity to highlight your sills and experience and to encourage the employer to read your résumé, It answers the question, “Why should I interview you?” The purpose of a cover letter is. 1 to give as much information as possible. to emphasize key points in your application. to answer difficult questions, 1 to help you get an interview. 2_ APPLY Read the email cover letters, Dear Hiring Manager, | would like to apply for the position of Marketing Manager. | feel | have the suitable creative skills and experience for the role and would be delighted to come for an interview. Please find attached my résumé, which | hope will be of interest. I you need any further information, please do not hesitate to contact me. Yours faithfully, Raoul Alvarez 3 IDENTIFY Answer the questions. 1 What job are Raoul and Mika applying for? 2. Where did Mika see the ad for the job? 3. What have both applicants attached to their emails? 4. EXPAND Read the emails again, Decide f the statements are true (1), false (F) or not given (NG). 1. Raoul and Mika have both applied for the same job. Raoul is not working at the moment. Mr. McKenna is the Marketing Manager. __ Mika is a graduate of Tokyo University. Mika hasn't worked in marketing before, > Dear Mr. McKenna, I'm writing to express my interest in the position of Marketing Manager, as advertised on the website jobsnow.com. Please find my résumé attached. ‘As you can see, | have a bachelor's degree in business administration from Tokyo University, and I have worked in marketing since 2016. | am currently working at Stenton Graphics, Inc., where | have been ‘a Marketing Assistant for two years. | have a strong track record in marketing and sales. In addition, | am reliable and can work equally well as part of a team or ‘on my own. |Lam now looking for a fresh challenge. Not only is KL Pharma a large company, but it also has a very good reputation. | believe | have the right mix of skills to be a valuable addition to your company and am available for an interview immediately. Thank you for considering my application. | look forward to hearing from you in the near future, Yours sincerely, Mika Endo 7 5 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Who would you interview for the position? Why? Compare the two email cover letters with a partner.6 INTEGRATE what makes a good cover leter? Study the emails and choose your answers Cover Letters Eight Tips for Success Do / Don't address the right person. Do/ Don't be short and to the point. Do / Don't show you have the right sills and experience, Do / Don't show you have a postive and professional attitude. Do / Don't send the same cover letter to all employers. Do / Don't say why you are interested in the job. Do / Don't make spelling or grammar mistakes. DoJ Don't say why you want to work for the company. 7. ASSESS Whose email follows the tips for success? How would you improve the other applicant's cover letter? 9 8 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Have you written a cover letter for a job or further studies? What was it for? Why did you want the position? Were you successful? Tell a partner. Fas Present perfect simple with for and since We use the present perfect to talk about present activities and states that started in the past. We use for to talk about the period of time up to the present, e.g, forfour years, for two days, I nave worked as a Marketing Assistant for two years We use since to talk about the time when an activity started. This can be a date, a day, a month, a time, or an event, e.g, since 1903, since yesterday, since May, since 8 a.m, since my birthday, since | was ten years old. I have worked in marketing since 2016 See Grammar focus on page 161 9 APPLY Complete each sentence with for or since 1 Yasmin hasn't had a full-time job she had a baby. 2 Jason has worked at this company four months. 3. Unemployment has fallen quarter. T haven't heard anything tye been head of HR here How many jobs have you applied for your graduation? 7 | was ten years od ve wanted to be an architect. the last financial the interview. ten years 8 Tom has been absent from work three days now. 9) The president has been on vacation a week. 10 We've had 20 applications ad last week, ‘we placed the 410 INTERACT Make true sentences about yourself using for and since. hare with a partner. {ve worked at my current job since. Ive been interested in..for ‘haven't had a vacation since Be a aa Pesaro ee Many adjectives have a verb and noun form. To avoid using too many adjectives when you write, you can ‘change them to nouns and verbs. Ths will give your writing more variety and interest. ‘To change an adjective to a noun, you need to change the suffix. Common suffixes for nouns are -ence, -ness, and -ity confident » confidence kind» kindness responsible - responsibility To turn an adjective into a verb, sometimes you need to take a suffix away. Common suffixes you take away are -able,-ing, and ive. acceptable » accept understanding ~ understand active » act ‘Foxtord 3000™41 APPLY Look in the emails to find the adjective form of 4 Your company has a good reputation. It these words is a world leader in its field, (as wel as) 1 suit ai) 2 create(o) edi 3 rely) (ad) 5 Helen has a strong track recordin sales 4 value (W) Gd) She has a marketing diploma. (in addition) 5 availabilty (6) (dp 12. EXPAND Work with a partner to complete the two charts. Use a dictionary if necessary. 6 You should have good communication skills, You should be a quick learner. (in addition to) Adjective Verb approving See ees challenging enjoyable ‘15 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? What is your dream job? What would you write about in your cover letter? Adjective Noun aabitious 46 PREPARE Study Mika Endo’s email. How i it organized? ap ‘Write each stage (1-7) next to the correct paragraph. committed structure 1. First paragraph 2 Second paragraph 3. Third paragraph 4 Last paragraph Se AM ee lt eee ok When you want to make several points, using addition linking words helps shaw that the points are related. This will make your writing clearer and easier to follow. Study Structure: these words and phrases you can use. say why you are interested in the job ‘As well as /1n addition to having a degree, Ihave three thank the employer and say you look forward to years’ experience, hearing from them soon Ihave a degree. n addition / Moreover / Furthermore, Ihave three years’ experience. ‘Not only do have a degree, but 1 also have three years experience. ¢ summarize your personal strengths state the position you're applying for outline your relevant experience and skills say where you heard about the position 13 IDENTIFY Look at Mika’s email. Which words and 9 explain why the company attracts you phrases from the box can you find? 47. WRITE Prepare to write a cover email in support of an application fora job or further studies. Use the structure above, and follow the tips for success in Exercise 6, Be sure to use appropriate language. 44 INTEGRATE Rewrite the sentences using the words in parentheses. 1 Thave a degree in computing. Ive ‘worked in IT for five years. (furthermore) 18 IMPROVE Exchange cover letters with a partner. Read your partner's letter and make suggestions for improvements. Then write your letter again, making any changes necessary. 2. Lam an effective communicator. work well on a team. (not only...but also...) 3. Jason is adaptable. He is hardworking. (moreover)Machines Are Taking Over! 4. ACTIVATE Look at the photos and discuss the ways machines help usin our daly ives Are there other ways machines help us? 9, “a WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Think about what you did yesterday. How many times did you use technology or a ‘machine? What did you use it for? VOCABULARY Match each verb with a word or phrase. 1 announce plan 2. recognize b towork 3 refuse someone's face 4. perform d_ a problem 5 realize something is wrong 6 solve fan operation ‘oxford 3000™ 4. I sawa video of a robot that can BUILD Complete the sentences using verbs from Exercise 3 1. Some robots can very difficult tasks that humans can't do. 2. Excon is pleased to the winner of this year’s Robot Awards, 3. Would you online? if you were talking to a robot different objects. 5 Robots can puzzles more quickly than 61 to believe that one day a robot will be in every home. 315 ASSESS Which i the best heading for the article? Study finds machines are better workers. Could a robot do your job? ‘Are machines stealing from us? Perfect for some jobs, not for others. 6 IDENTIFY Read the article. Identify the part of speech and find a synonym for each word in bold Part of speech | Synonym 1 claim 2. suggests 3. progressed 4 error 5 view 6 threat Some people claim that machines have become too powerful. They argue we have taught them too much and intelligent, thinking machines are a danger tous. Butis this true? Professor Nick Bostrom at ' the Future of Humanity Institute in Oxford certainly thinks so. His esearch suggests that machine learning has progressed far ‘more quickly than we expected. He proposes that as robots have developed, so has the possibilty oferor. In his view, afault Jnrobot design isa bigger threat tothe planet than climate ‘change, disease, or nuclear disaster. Many well-known scientists support his opinion. Like it ornot, machines are learning. Computers have become an essential part of our personal lives. They have learned not only to understand what we say but to recognize ‘our faces and our voices. They have learned so much about us that they can recommend movies to watch, tell us what products to buy, and choose what advertisements to show Us. But have things gone too far? ‘As computers have become more advanced, they have learned to do an amazing number of tasks, from picking fruit to flying planes. They already work as tour ‘uides, accountants, office clerks, receptionists, reporters, pharmacists, waiters, and security guards. They are even ‘capable of performing operations in hospitals. (One study by Carl Frey and Michael Osborne found that, ‘almost 50 percent of jobs in the United States and the United Kingdom could be done by machines. Remember—once a computer has learned to solve a problem or do a task, it will never forget. They never ‘get sick, need a break, or refuse to work. Aren't you ‘worried a robot might steal your job? ea Recognizing and understanding synonyms ‘Synonyms are words that have similar meanings. A writer may use a synonym to avoid repeating a word in a text or to help explain what it means. When you see a word you don't know, it can be useful to look for a synonym in the text. This can help you understand the meaning 7 EXPAND Read the article again. Find synonyms for these words 1 identity () (para 2) 2 suggest (y)____ (para 2) 3. incredible (adi) (para 3) 4 able (ad) (para 3) 5 rest (r)__(para 4) 6 concemed (adi) (para) Henn na Hotel opened in Japan in 2015. Ithas become famous ‘as the world's first robot hotel. Almost all the staffare robots. « Not only can robots make our cars, they've learned to drive. ‘them! There are more and more self-driving cars on our roads. By 2030, experts say a quarter of all cars will be driverless. NN8 IDENTIFY Read the article again. Find four reasons why 1. AP, Y Complete the text using the verbs in the box in robots are good workers. the present perfect or simple past. 5 ars Youn nce wean gos Do you agree fasinates a ee with the reasons listed in the article? Are there any jobs that humans do better than robots? 1\___an interesting article last week about Ray Kurzweil. He's ‘an expert on machine learning and . several books on the We use the simple past to talk about a specific time in subject. He» many the past accurate predictions about the @ Hotel opened in Jape future of technology. In 1990, he Wie use the preset pero tak about an acon or yu. the huge growth in situation in the past when we don't know the exact time the internet in his book The Age of Intelligent Machines. ori it isn't important. However, despite rapid progress, computers * thas become famous as the world’s first robot hotel (not) what Kurzweil calls “singularity’—the point where See Chainer CIS PAGES they become more intelligent than humans. He says that'll be in 20451 40 USE Choose the correct options. 1 Where did you buy / heve you bought that robot vacuum %:. WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Do you agree that machines cleaner? will one day become more intelligent than humans? What 2. | watched / have watched a great program about robots are the benefits? Are there any dangers? on TV last night 3. Did / Have you ever seen a robot dance? ‘Aman tests new brain sensor technology in 4 In what ways did / have robots influenced our lives? New Yorecey Usk 5. Technology such as cash machines made / have made our lives more convenient. 6 In 1996, world chess champion Garry Kasparov beat / has beaten the computer Deep Blue at chess. In 1997, Deep Blue beat / has beaten Kasparov. 7. What jobs did / have machines already taken? 8 Scientists developed only / have only developed “narrow inteligence” for robots so far—only humans possess "ge al intelligence.”3.3 4. ACTIVATE Which ofthese online courses interest you? Why? Tell a partner. Free Courses ro) Introduction y, to Drawing Learn about shape and shadow Innovation for Business Take your ideas to the next level French for 1 Travelers Survival language for your next trip Woodworking Learn the basics of ‘making things with wood Data Processing General concepts for processing data 9 2. WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? In what ways is learning online different from learning in a class? Which do you think is better? Does it depend on what you are learning? >» “® LISTENING SKILL 3 VOCABULARY Complete the phrases using words from the box. attend) —certificate(r) degree (n) educate (Y) essay (a) _ presentation (n) register (¥) oxford 3000 1 fora course give a short ‘someone about something receive a(n) of achievement. lecture write a(r) carn a bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral BUILD Complete the sentences with the words from Exercise 3 1. Students have to give a(n) as part of their course work. 2 You receive a(n)__ when you complete your studi 3 Allforeign language students need to submit one every week, 4. Did you know you can online to be in this class? 5 Atthe end of the semester, everyone who passes the exam gets a(n) 6 This company needs to its workers about health and safety. 7 Iwas unable to last week's lecture because was sick, @ ASSESS Listen tothe tt prt of a conversation Which course rom Exercise tae they talking about? PSU ee CU When you listen to what someone is saying, think about why they are saying it. A speaker's purpose can often be to persuade, inform, or entertain, Persuade: The speaker wants you to agree with them and often focuses on benefits or why you need to do something Inform: The speaker wants to share information with you and often focuses on facts or details. Entertain: The speaker wants to interest or amuse you and ‘often focuses on humor or interesting stories. Whether you are listening to a news item, a speech, an Informal discussion, ora friend talking to you, identiying the speaker's purpose will give you a better understanding and help you decide how to respond to what you hear.6 @APPLY Listen to the whole conversation and complete 10 APPLY Choose the correct answer to complete each item, the summary with the words in the box. 1. Ve aleady/ stl! yet read more than 50 books using my benefits information interested reasons persuade es 2 Have you stil ever/ yet used your cell phone to study Mandy shows Nick an ad for an online course in order English? to" him to sign up. She gives him ? 3 Have you finished that online course ever/stil/ yet? about the course and describes the » for 4. Tina's yet /jst/ ever shown me how to use Excel. I's example, they will get help with their business plan. At amazing! first, Nick is not but Mandy gives him some 5 We've never/yet/ still had so much homework to do. good ’__why he should do it. 6 | already | never silhaven't received your written assignment. 7 @ EXPAND Listen again. Choose the correct answer. a Rick cd aid ru’ wo Fc ‘VW INTEGRATE Complete he text wth i, fect ever, never, and still 2 Nick has / hasnt heard of a MOC 3. He prefers to lean alone / with other peopl. We! signed up for an Introduction to Drawing 4 Mandy persuades / does persuade Nick to join her. course online. really excited because I've * 5. Atthe end ofthe conversation, Nick feels surprised / done an online course before. 've___ bought a ected. sketch pad and special drawing pencils, but haven't bought an easel and some other equipment. 9 8 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Think about the lat time you Lemailed the tutor and asked her if she's persuaded someone to do something. What wast, and taught an online course befor, and she said nol I did a what did you say? lot of drawing when | was younger, but I've shown anyone my work. | promised to send the tutor 9 ASSESS Look at these sentences from the conversation, Then complete the rules in the Grammar box. eae ee a bit nervous. She said she's *_ sold some of, her paintings, and she can give us advice on becoming professional artists. What a great idea! Have you ever thought about starting your own company? HE MACOSs ive Deva nesta oF 12. WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Have you ever taken an online We stil haven't made a busines plan. course? Would you ike to take a MOOC? Why or why not? We already decided, Has that show ended yet? ‘ve just found this great site BTU amas eek al just, already, yet, ever, never, and still We use. in positive sentences to talk about very recent news, We use. in negative sentences and questions to talk about actions we expect to happen. We use. in positive sentences to talk about ‘news and events that happened before now or earlier than expected. Weuse in negative sentences to talk about actions that we expected to happen before now. When we talk about life experiences, we can use for “at any time in the past” in questions, and meaning “at no time in the past.” See Grammar focus on page 161Ps ENGLISH FOR 1 Work in pairs. Discuss why its sometimes necessary to ask someone to clarify what they said, Can you add more reasons to this list? Sometimes people. 1m speak too quickly. © use a word I don't understand. 1m speak at the same time. 1m talk about a topic | don’t know. 1m speak too quietly 2 Choose the three most important reasons why you sometimes don’t understand ‘what people say in English, Tell a partner and give examples 3 What do you do when you don’t understand what someone has ald? What do you say? Workin groups and share your strategies 40 Witch the vdeo and answer the questions Scene 1 1. What did Max ask his teacher to clarify? 2. What did Dave ask Max? Scene 2 1. Why couldn't Max understand Andy? 2. What will Max buy from the supermarket? When you are listening to someone, you can show you understand by saying things lke 1 see, Got itl, OK, and Uh-huh, ‘When you don't hear or understand something, you can let the other person know you need clarification. The language you use can depend on the amount of clarification you reed and the situation. For example, shorter and more direct expressions like What? (or Huh? can be used when you need a simple clarification, When you need a bigger explanation or are with people you don’t know well, you need to ask in aless direct and, ‘more polite way. You can use longer expressions like, Could you go over that again, please? ‘Adding please and sorry makes your question more polite and respectful: I’m sorry, but would you mind explaining that? / Do you think you could say that again, please?5 @ INTEGRATE Watch the video again. Complete the expressions Max uses to as fr clarification, 1 with his teacher: Sorry, 501 a 2 with his classmate Dave: did you 2 3. with his roommate Andy: was that? what pages? 6 ANALYZE Match each situation (1-4) with a list of appropriate expressions to use (A-D). You didn't hear what a friend said You didn't hear what your boss said, You didn't understand what a classmate sad, You didn’t understand what your teacher said. > Could you repeat that, please? Could you say that again? Sorry, | didn’t quite catch that. B. Can you go over that again? Sorry, 'm not sure | understand. Do you mind explaining that? © Huh? Sorry? What? D What are you trying to say? What's your point exactly? What do you mean? 7 DEVELOP With a partner, think of at least five different ways to make these expressions less direct and more polit. 1. Say that again, 2. I don't understand. 8 APPLY in groups, prepare a role play asking for clarification. Use some ofthe ideas in Exercise 1 to help you What isthe situation? Who are the characters? What is their relationship? Who ask for clarification? Why? \What expressions should you use? 9 ANALYZE Role-play your conversation to the class. Do your classmates think you used the appropriate ‘expressions for the context?3.5 4. ACTIVATE Discuss this quote witha partner. What do think it means? Do you agree? “in this age, which beleves that theresa shortcut to everything, the greatest lesson to be learned is that the mos dificult way is inthe fong run, the easiest" Henry Mile selected from Oxford Dictionary of Quotations, 8° ed, edited by Elzabeth Knowies Tere eater ed © Wen we speak, we often join word together using contractions. For example, as an ally, hos contacts ws Alteran unvolced sound's pronounce s/s Life's taught me to be kind, Aer a voiced sound, sis pronounced as / e's lored many thins, The auxiliary have contracts to ater vowel sound, Ive earned to be patent. 2 NOTICE Find the contractions. How is each contraction pronounced: /s ff, or W/? 1 Weve just started anew busines 2 at's asagreed with everything Ive said 3 Hemys alas given me lots of good advice 4 Soyou've neve lived in another country? 5. Is been aang time since they've seen each ater, 3. @ APPLY Listen and check your answers trom Exercise 2, 4. @ APPLY Listen tothe sentences again, and then repeat. 5 @ IDENTIFY Read the life lessons. Then listen to Ajeet. Which life lesson do you think he's learned? 5 Work makes you happier 5 Money isnt everything. 5) Work isnt the only thing in it. 5 To be successful, you have to work hard 5 There's nothing more important than family > 6 @ EXPAND Listen again and answer the questions, 1 When did Ajeet start his company? 2. What did he do in his 203? 3. Was his business successful? 4 Why did he decide to change his life? 5. What two new hobbies has Ajet started? 6 Is Ajeet’ ite beter now? dia eo eee ka When you want to refer to a specific event or experience, (5. good idea to use a specific time phrase to describe when it happened. Iwas 25 when | started my company. | got marred five years ago. When you want to describe a longer experience, or talk more generally, you can use time phrases such as: In my 208, 1 spent a lot of time working. Over the last few years, 've learned a lot ''ve had a lot of fun recently. I've joined a dance class, and 180 every week Be sure to use the correct tense: ver the lat few months, tele-adotoF thinking /1've done a lot of thinking about my future. 7 PREPARE Think of an important life lesson you have learned. Make notes and prepare to tlk about it Alife lesson I've learned: Describe the situation. (When was it? Where were you?) Say what happened. How did you feel? How has the experience changed you? 8 SHARE Work in groups and talk about your life lessons. 9 9 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Who have you learned most from in your life? A family member, friend, teacher? Tell your classmates, and explain what you learned from this person.UNIT SNAPSHOT jump over buil 1 Work in groups. List at least three benefits of regular exercise. Which is the most important? Ask and answer these questions. Who Is the most active person in your group? WORLD eed Perens4. ACTIVATE Have you ever joined a gym or started to exercise and then stopped? Why did you stop? Bea alates ieee ua ‘A phrasal verb isa verb followed by a preposition, an adverb, of both. The preposition or adverb can change the meaning of the verb. ‘Some phrasal verbs cannot be separated. The preposition fr adverb must stay next to the verb. Kevin's going to go out at lunch to run. ‘Some phrasal verbs can be separated. The preposition or ‘adverb can be separated from the verb. You need to take off your shoes to do yoga. You need to take your shoes off to do yoga 2. BUILD Match each phrasal verb with a phrase. 1 end up a anew membership 2. bring up b_ going to the gym 3 throwaway your old gym shoes 4. putoff da topic for discussion 5 look into staying home 6 tryout socks from the floor 7. pick up an old team photo 8 9 watch out your hand to ask a question ' 9 put up bb anew sport i for any danger 10. come across ‘Toxford 3000™ 3 IDENTIFY Find six phrasal verbs from Exercise 2 that can bbe separated. Use a dictionary to help you. 4. USE Work in pairs. Make two sentences for each phrasal verb in Exercise 3. Please put up your hand when you have a question Please put your hand up when you have a question 5 ASSESS You are going to hear an interview about parkour. Look at the image on page 41 and discuss the questions. 1 What is parkour? 2 Where can you do it? 3. How can you learn to do it? > ec eee @ in informal speech, native speakers often leave out certain sounds to combine two words, Tis is called a reduction. Itis very common for phrases like gong to and have to, Learning to recognize this wil help you Understand spoken English, going 0 ~ ions Where fare) you going to go? want £0 won What co you want to do? got 0» oot! ve) got to go. Listen and notice how the schwa sound /a in tohelps to join these words. have to maevta You have to practice har has to aesta She has to work weekends eed 10 ~ nits We need to be careful 6 @ APPLY Here are some sentences from the frst part of the interview. Decide if you hear the fll form (F) or the reduction (). 1 How many of you need to get in shape? F/R 2 Weare going to hear about parkour. = F/R 3 You're going to see the city differently. F/R 4. Butit has to be dangerous? F/R 5 Rule one is you need to be safe. F/R 7 @ EXPAND Listen tothe fst part ofthe interview. Check your answers to Exercise 6 8 @ IMPROVE Listen to the second part of the interview. How many reductions of going to (gona!) do you hea? Eugene Minogue9 @ IDENTIFY Listen to the whole interview and complete the statements 1 Another name for parkour is 2 The most important rule in parkour is Learning hovr to climb, run, jump, and is easy. 4. You need become an expert 5. Children as young as at schoo! of hours of experience to are learning parkour 6 Parkour is a good option for people who don’t like sports 12. INTEGRATE Match each sentence in Exercise 11 with a rule from the Grammar box. 13. USE Choose the correct options. 1. saw a great racing bike online last week and /1l/ 1'm going to buy it! 2 | feel really out of shape. | think Il /J’m going to join agym, 3 Jason told me he wil/ is going to start biking to work, 4. Will you Are you going to go for a walk at lunchtime? 5. Iheard Sharon say we'll/ we're going to have free yoga lessons. 6 Oh no! | missed my bus. | guess Il/’m going to walk. % WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Do you want to try out parkour? 111 ASSESS study these sentences from the interview. %:. WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? How can you be more active in your fee time? Make notes of at least three things to do. Share your ideas with a group. Then complete the rules in the Grammar box with will / won't or going to. 1 signed up last week. I'm going to try parkour for myselt! 2 The course is free, so it's going to be popular. 3 You won't be disappointed. You'll have a great time! 4 It’s a lovely day, | think I'l practice some jumps! Se ee For decisions We usually use the moment of speaking. We usually use when we have already made a decision for plans and intentions. For predictions We usually use ‘to make predictions based on personal feelings or opinions. We usually use ‘when there is some evidence in the present to support the prediction. Res when we make a decision at See Grammar focus on page 162. ‘A: Next month I'm going to start swimming once a week. B: Really? That'll be great. You'll definitely get in shape. C: Yes, Maybe you can join a fitness center. It'll be cheaper. A: That's a good idea. I'l ]ook into that.: i Are You a Traveler or a Tourist? 4 ACTIVATE Describe the pictures with a partner. How are @ IDENTIFY Listen and write the name ofeach city these people traveling? What city or country do you think next to the correct picture. they are in? @ Ce . 3 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Think ofa city you have visited that you really enjoyed. What did you do there? How did you travel around the city? Tella partner. 4 VOCABULARY Complete the collocations with the ‘words in the box. security ‘economy sights bargain reservation _forecast baggage oxford 3000" 1. go through look for a check the. carry lots of make a fy see the USE Complete the questions with the collocations from Exercise 4 1. When you for a hotel, do you do it by phone, online, or through a travel agent? 2. Have you ever flown business class or do you always 3. Do youever before you leave to see ifthe weather will be good? 4. For your last trip, did you to get the best value? 5. When you want to look around a city and do you use a ‘quidebook to help you? 6 Did it take you a long time to fon your last trip? 7 Doyou or do you only pack essential items? INTERACT Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions in Exercise 5, WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Do you plan your vacations along time in advance or book just before you go away? When do you usually pack: the week before or the night before?8 IDENTIFY Read the biog, How many diferent forms of transportation does Michael mention? ‘Well i's the end of my time here in Costa Rica. As soon as get up tomorrow, Il go to the airport and then it's on to Nicaragua...I's been a great three weeks ll never forget the people I've met, but the best part was Tortuguero National Park...Spending five days deep in the rain forest on my own was amazing, miss sleeping under the stars and ‘waking up with all the animals and plants! tim fying to Managua, but | want to escape the crowds, so when | arrive, ll take the bus to Jinotega—a small city in the north. found a room in a hostel for just $15 a night—bargain! After spend a day seeing the sights, Il start to explore outside the city I plan to bike everywhere, but the forecast isnt looking good! Il go to Miralor before | leave—a beautiful national park. read about i online and made a reservation to stay for ‘a week with a family and help them on their farm. Anyway, ll post some photos if get online, so you guys can take a look! Gallo pinto isa traditional dish in Costa Rca, I's rice with black beans, eggs or cheese. Delicious! Taking a boat up te rverin Tortuguero. SM READING SKILL Separating fact and opinion 410 INTEGRATE Which questions from Exercise 9 are about Michael's opinions, and which are about facts? How do When you read a text, its important to be able to tell the u know? difference between what is a fact and what is the writer's bt opinion, 111 INTERACT Write five sentences about your country. Aactis something that is true: Mix facts and opinions. Then swap your sentences with a Gallo pinto ta Rica, partner. Can you separate the facts from opinions? traditional dish dsy opinion fa though: of feeling sbout something: 12 EXPAND Read the travel advice. What tips did Michael so follow? To separate facts from opinions, look for evidence to support statements, and ask yourself: "ls this always true?” and "Is ita thought oF opinion"? Travel 3s You Really Should Know Read ahead—it’s important to plan Get to know the locals—they can help you! Look for a bargain—maybe there's a special deal? Stay healthy—you don’t want to get sick. Get insurance—you never know when you'll need it. 9 APPLY Read the text again, Answer the questions Where is Michael flying to tomorrow? Did he enjoy his time in Costa Rica? 1 2 3 4 5 6 Eat the local food—it’s your window to the culture. Where aid he sleep outdoors? What did he think about sleeping outdoors? 9: WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Which tips do you think are How does Michael plan to travel around jinotega? most useful? Discuss with a partner, Do you have any travel tips to add? 43TU ee 16 INTEGRATE Study the profiles of a traveler and a tourist A eeeeunianat tickets For each statement in Exercise 14, decide who it refers to. Write Traveler or Tourist We use the simple present to talk about the future ater the words when, fa soon a, before, and afte. We sully use a future clause with wl beore or after the Simple present cause. Notice that we adda comma ater travel the simple present use Ht comes st. When I arrive, I'l take the bus to Jinotega, ‘meeting people ourist attractions ‘After spend a day seeing the sights, stat to explore eee boxes ‘outside the chy exchanging stores organized tours 1 go to Miafor before | eave local food hurrying 1 post some photos if get online. p 2 s speaking the native hotels See Grammar focus on page 162 language tourists 44. APPLY Find the error in each sentence and correct it. traveling alone 1 When we go to Europe, we visit France, Italy, and Spain in seven days. 2 Paul will take a Spanish course before he'll go to Colombia 3. Assoon as you'll get to the city try the food at the local night market there! 4 If save enough money I'l go hiking across Cambodia next summer. ‘Arourist S 5. The driver will collect your baggage when youl finish =a =a packing good hotels S insects 45 DEVELOP Complete each gap using the simple present or wll and the verb in parentheses. ait shops bad weather 1 Before!__ (go) to Peru, 1_ (buy) a organized tous unusual food tourist map. English speakers wasting time 2. The manager (Greet) you when you oa (artve) at the hotel looking fora bargain carrying baggage 3 Ifyou (peak) the local language, people (6¢) more helpful. 4 afterwe (get on) the plane, we > ____—(watety as many movies as we cant —% 5. Assoon as! — (get) home, | (tart) packing 6 We___(collect) shels for souvenirs when we 9% WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Are you a traveler ora tourist? (90) to the beach. \Why? Share your ideas with a group. 48 WWTERACT Think about your next trp. What will you do? Work in groups to tlk about your plans. Are your Classmates travelers or tourists? How do you know?Out and About 1 @ ACTIVATE Listen to two voicemail messages, A and B, Match the photos to the messages. How do you know who left each message? BTU uaa ks sae Present tenses for future plans and schedules We use the present continuous or be going to to talk 2. @ IDENTIFY Listen again and match each person with —— a statement. When the plan has a fixed time and/or place, we usually use the present continuous. 1 Nicki has. singing lesson in the afternoon 2. MrWikkins bis meeting a friend for lunch We usualy use be going to when we talk about plans or 3 Lisa is going to make travel arrangements. intentions with no time or place. 4 Tina 4. islying to Seattle soon We use the simple present witha future meaning to talk about schedules, such as bus or train schedules or 3 ASSESS Study these sentences from the voicemail sais etched sched messages. Is each sentence a schedule or a plan? ‘See Grammar focus on page 182 a 4_ USE Choose the correct option to complete the 1 Thenext train eaves at en, Seiencos 2. im seeing Helen later for lunch. What day do/ are you going to the dentist’ next week? 1 3m going to book your fight to. 2. Joe and Emily are playing / going tennis this evening Seattle 3. The bus to the airport leaves/ leaving at 2 p.m. 4 What time does your presentation 4. We going to meet/aremeeting some friends at a restaurant tonight. When does’ isthe library close on Sundays? What time i this train going/ go to leave for Euston? The schoo! holidays start/ going to start soon. ‘Are your parents comiing/ come here this New Year? 455 INTEGRATE Read the text messages below. Answer the as questions. Using the right tone in text messages 1 When does the library close? When you write text messages for friends or co-workers 2. Whois exercising in the afternoon? you know wel, you can use a casual tone. You can use 3. What is Jenny going to do in the morning? Contractions and abbreviations and leave out the subject, 4 wratinarteet 6 BAT auxiliary verb, and any unnecessary words 5. Why does Kim need the sales figures? be there in 5 = 111 be therein five minutes, 6 Whois Dan meeting later? You can add emphasis ("7m so000 tired), but avoid SHOUTING (writing in capital letter). 9 6 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Who do you send the most When sending a message to a business associate or client, text messages to? What kind of “textspeak” do you use? you need to be more professional. Its important to use correct speling, grammar, and punctuation to appear professional Tim HiJanet. Am at the movie theater. Traders starts at six, not 5:30! Plz come asap. OK? staying here to finish my assignment. Urgh! Don't wait for me. CU tom. & Sara Fm having lunch with Paul tomorrow. Can you Join us? We're meeting at the Red Cow Cafe at 12, Hes going to talk about replacing our data ‘management system. Id value your opinion Brian @ At the library It closes at 9 pm today so Im Dan fam meeting Neil Danson from Tx Electricals later. il offer 108 discount and free shipping ifthey pay 50% in advance. Do Ihave your approval? Steve v Sorry be alittle late, Susan. mon my way but there are problems with the train. Please start the meeting without me. Many thanks. im mon my way to the airport, Please don't forget to upload the sales figures for my presentation tomorrow. Put the file on the O drive sol can check it when I getin. Thanks! ) toraine Goes Choe ston ely eat poret ung hos in Sports Fs eect fev! reyoucomngimtown th nom sermon Beth HiJoanne. tm playing tennis with Chris at 4 pm, at Fitness4U. RU coming? ) denny Did you submit your expense report frst moth dot scemtohare gong © proces tes tomerrow mring so ese Senditasn7 ASSESS with a partner, read the messages again. For 111. PREPARE Read the situations. For each one, prepare to each message, write C (casual) or P (professional). Then write a short text message. decide who each person is writing to. Choose from the lis. Geist ie cotati Gutta ees friend classmate cooworker boss family member 1 What tone do you need to use? 1 Which tenses or structures are appropriate? 8 EXPAND Match each example of “textspeak” (1-9) with 1 Do you want to add textspeak? a meaning (0. Situation 1 Textspeak English There is a new Greek restaurant near your home. You want il Gee you to invite your friend to have dinner there next week 2 Pe your / you're 32 ¢ laughing out loud Sttistion 2 a “dl plane Your boss has asked you to finish a report before you leave st Gi cuinienks work, but you feel sick and want to go home. 6 min £ tomorrow Situation 3 7 LoL g to ‘You are waiting for a co-worker to send you an important, 8 cw hh minutes document. You think the co-worker could be in a meeting, 9 The i because but you need the document urgently. 9 INTEGRATE Which phrases from Exercise 8 can youfind 42. WRITE write your texts in the messages? 413 IMPROVE Read your classmates’ text messages. Are 10 APPLY Read the messages below. What do they mean? the tone and language appropriate? Are all the tenses Write each text message in full sentences. and structures used correctly? Suggest improvements where possible, << Messages Chat Detais 9 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Send a text message to a friend in English using what you have learned, ‘The 4 the gift Kieran—great idea 2 buy chocolate! UR the best. H < Messages Chat Details ‘Aman uses his smartphone in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 47I'm in a Rush! 1 Complete the questionnaire. Then ask and answer the questions with a partner, Discuss your answers and give examples. Store manners Yes | Sometimes Do you ever talk on your cel phone when you're paying? Ist rude if someone calls an order over your shoulder? Do you say please and thank you when buying something? Should you wait tobe asked before you order ata coffee shop? Ifyou are in a hurry, do you ever try to get ahead of other people? Do you say hello and goodbye to the workers atthe store? Being a customer usually Involves a greeting, an offer of service, a request, and ending the conversation. itis common to say hiand ask how the other person is. Normally, ‘you need to wait to be asked for your order. A: Hi. Hows it going? (greeting) B: Great! And you? How can |help you? (offer of service) A 2. aquest) ‘When you order, you often say things lke have a... or Could ! get..., please? People usualy say please and thank you. To finish, let the person know that you don't need anything else and thank the person. B: Can | get you anything else? 2 How direct are people in your country? Do people usually say please and thank you ‘when asking for things? Discuss with a partner. NN No3 @ ANALYZE Watch the video and choose your answers. ‘Andy | Customer | Max 1 Who smiles when paying torts order? | Cl Oo Oo 2. Who greets Sarah Rese ee) o O eke 3. Who does wait casas ec aa eC] O O Bed 4) Who says peed ; thank yout o O O 5 Who signals that he is aang o O o 4 IDENTIFY Watch the video again. Complete the expression each person uses to place his order. 1 Andy. please 2 Customer: Green tea, a green tea, and a medium coffee, 3. Max: green tea, please? 5 APPLY Read this extract of the conversation between ‘Andy and Sarah. Label the parts of the conversation, confirmation of order greeting request for service thanks / finish 1 Sarah: Hey. How's it going? ‘Andy: Hey, Sarah. 'm good, thanks. Sarah: Great. What can | get you? 2. Andy: Uh, Ilhave a green tea, and a medium coffee, please. 3. Sarah: Green tea and a coffee. Anything else? 4. Andy: No, That's all. Thank you. 6 @ INTEGRATE Listen to a different conversation. Complete the missing words Server: Hello.‘ I help you? Customer: Er, yes.? b alarge black coffee and a muffin, please? Server: Certainly. One large black coffee and a mulfin 3 you * anything else? Customer: &. No, thank you. Thats © 7 ANALYZE Compare the two conversations in Exercises 5 and 6. What cifferences do you notice? 8 INTEGRATE With a partner, choose one location and prepare to role-play a conversation between a customer and a service assistant. Use the questions below to help you, atatrain station ina restaurant ina travel agency ata hotel ina coffee shop 1m Where are you? m= Who are you speaking with? = What is your relationship? Do you know the server? = What do you want? = What language is appropriate? 9 INTERACT Role-play your conversation tothe clas. CCan your classmates answer the questions in Exercise 8? Do they agree the language is appropriate for the context?4. ACTIVATE Discuss these questions wth a group. 1 Is your hometown popular with tourists? 2. What can visitors see and do there? 3. What's the best way to get around? Fe) The best way to ask someone on the street for directions. Js to get their attention first and then ask them, Excuse me, do you know where Settler's Park is, please? Sorry, can you tell me where the station is? When you give directions, use the imperative. 6 straight ahead. Then tum left atthe lights. Take the first street on the right, walk for it on the left. You can give more information using will. 1 the station. 2 @ IDENTIFY james is visiting Port Elizabeth, South Arica. Listen to him asking for directions. Which three tourist attractions are mentioned? A. Settler's Park, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Art Museum, Humewood Beach B Settler's Park, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Art Museum, Algoa Bay C Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Art Museum, Algoa Bay, ‘Addo Elephant National Park 3. @ EXPAND Listen again. Whats James going to doin each place? us (REC ACU ere @ When you ask tor directions, begin with Excuse me and th wth please. Be sure to stres the location you are asing for. Usten and notice the intonation, use me. Do you know where he park, lose? When you give directions, use sequence words and add ‘emphasis to key words (turn left, go straight) and the ‘names of streets and places. Pause between steps in the directions. When you lst several steps, make sure your voice goes up each time and then down forthe final step. sure. Go straight until Broadway. Then turn left, and you'll the right 4 @®NOTICE isten to these dialogues. Notice the intonation 1 A: Excuse me. Where's the Modern Art museum, please? B: Turn right onto Green Street, go past the bank, and its on the left. 2. A: Excuse me, Do you know where the beach is, please? B: Go along Park Drive, turn right on Fifth Avenue, and isin front of you. 3. A: Excuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the train station, please? B: Go left at the corner, walk past the bank, and it's across from the library. = cE CT S 5 APPLY Practice the dialogues with a partner 6 PREPARE Workin pairs. Decide on a city or place with some interesting tourist attractions. Make some notes on where they are and what you can do there 7 INTERACT In your pairs, act out a conversation between ‘a tourist and a resident. Ask for and give directions and information.| a | saa ee ‘What do you see? 2. Share sen yome with a group. eee rad Sere ao agHome Sweet Home 11 ACTIVATE How many homes have you had? Where were you happiest? Why? Tella partner. Skim the infographic and choose the best description A. Advice on decorating your home B Facts about rooms in a house. nasil mo hd Hu Huu YY Identifying the relationship between causes and effects in a text will help you understand how ideas relate to each fother. A cause happens first (the window was open) and results in an effect (I was cold We often use because, as, and since to introduce a cause. These words can be at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence. since To introduce an effect, we use so, This word can only be in the middle of a sentence. 1 Trytohave somewhere you can connect with nature. Youtl ee less stressed than always being indoors. ‘Make space to store thing, so your home is less messy The color blue helps you eax and reduces your blood pressure, ‘Always make your bed! The simplest habits can make you ‘mate productive, healthier, and happier! 5 Putsouvenirs around your home because the/lbring backgood memories, Use candles 50 the light willbe soft 7. Keeping everything clean can make adliference. Since a clean home gets id of negative energy, dont makea mess! Indoor lighting isjust as important as natural ight. Match your mood, using brighter lights fr entertaining and Softer light for relaxation, Display photos of family and friend because seeing people you love every day makes you happier! Greens more relaxing than strong colors such sre. ‘Always have fresh lowers because they bring postive energy, utyour des facing the window. Naturallight is good for energy levels and helps you concentrate Be wel organized—youll havea clearer head! Buy around table ast makes communication easier. Get spider plants since they great for stopping smells3 APPLY Read the Reading Skil. Study the infographie and complete the table cause Effect fresh flowers Linking word they bring because positive energy ‘round table candles spider plants «family photo 4 INTEGRATE Cover the infographic. Can you remember the answers to these questions? Discuss your ideas with a partner, and then look again and check 1 What kinds of houseplants are good to use in the kitchen? 2. Whyisit important to make your bed every day? 3. Wheres the best place to position your desk? 4 Which colors good to use in the lving room? 5. Whyisit important to have a clean home? 6 Inwhat way does it help to have an outdoor space? 9 5 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Which tips for a happier home do you already do? What changes can you make to help your home become a happier place? Tell a partner. 6 VOCABULARY Write these words or phrases next to the correct meaning of each expression with make. space ames aneffort —yourbed adifference sense changes ‘Toxtord 3000” 1 make > seem reasonable 2 make » ty, or work hard to achieve something 3 make > cause to be different make _____~ have an effect. 5 make » replace sheets and pillows neatly ona bed make » create room for something 7 make » cause to become dirty or untidy 7 USE Complete these sentences using the expression with make in Exercise 6. 11 just cleaned this floor! Take off your shoes, so you don't 2 The colors you use in your home can in your mood and the way you feel 3. Itdoesn't when it’s sunny. 4. Could you please clean your bedroom and before you come downstairs? to have the lights on 5 Youcan to your home without spending a lot of money. 6 Weneed to in the living room for the new table and chairs. 7 Let's to clean up before our guests arrive. 9 8 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? How clean and organized is your home? Isit difficult to make space for all your things? ‘Are there any changes you would like to make? 9 IDENTIFY study the sentences in the Grammar box and ‘complete the rules. 5 GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT Making comparisons We use comparative adjectives (+ ) to compare people and things with other people and things. Green is more relaxing than strong colors, such as red. Youll feel less stressed than always being indoors. We use superlative adjectives (usually with to ‘compare people and things with the whole group. bits can make you more productive, pl We use ) a5 + adjective + as to say that two things or people are equal. Indoor lighting isjust as important as natural light We use not as + adjective + as to say that two things or people are not equal Strong colors such as red are not as relaxing as green, See Grammar focus on page 163, 410 INTEGRATE Find all the examples of comparative and superlative adjectives in the infographic. 5311 APPLY Choose the correct option to complete the text Ya) Throughout history, we built our homes using local materials and carefull ~R} "8 ly positioned them to take advantage of eth the local weather conditions. Then, in the twer century, energy became 'cheaper/ the cheapest and ‘easiest/ easier to get, 80 we constructed buildings ‘without worrying about the local climate or level of ‘energy use. However, these days energy prices are higher than /as inthe past, so energy is ‘more/ the ‘most expensive and not ‘just/as available as before. Also, we are °more/as aware of the environmental ‘cost of global warming, The old traditions of building, design are once again ‘more /just as important as before in influencing where and how we build our homes and the materials we use. adapted from the Eneyelopetia of Climate and Weather, 2d, edited by Stephen H. Schneider, Tey Root. and Michael D. Mastrandrea 12. DEVELOP Read the answers to the question, What's Jimportant to you when choosing a home? Then complete each statement with one word. 1 Alarge home is nice, but living close to friends and family s 2. Agood Internet connection is {good transportation, 3. I love shopping and eating out, so the important thing for me is to be close to local stores and important to me. as valuable as restaurants. 4. These days | work from home a lot, so living near my office is important than it used to be 5 Because I don't have any children, having a home near a school is the important factor. 13. INTERACT Choose the statements in Exercise 12 that are true for you. Compare your answers with a partner. 54 414 ASSESS You are going to watch a video about Tinker's Bubble, a small community in England. Look at the photograph. What kind of people do you think lve here? 45 @ IDENTIFY Watch the video. Answer the questions with a partner 1. What kind of homes do people in Tinker’s Bubble have? 2. What materials do people here build their homes from? 3 How do they wash ther clothes? 4 How do they get hot water and heat? 5. Why do people choose to live here? 16 INTERACT What are the advantages and disadvantages ‘of having a home in a place lke Tinker’s Bubble? Make a list with a partner. 9, WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Would you be happy living in Tinker’s Bubble? Which is more important to you: having a comfortable home or protecting the planet? Share your ideas with the classPerfect for the Beach 4. ACTIVATE when you go on vacation, what type of accommodation do you stay in? Why? Perfect for the Beach City: Brighton Home type Room ty Y Apartment —(¥/Entire home House Private room Accommodates 4 A Home Away from Home City: Portslade, Brighton Hom Apartment 7 House Entire home 7 Private room ‘A/Bis closer to the ocean A/Bis cheaper to rent, A/Baccommodates more people. ‘A/Bisn'tin the center of Brighton, A/B has free parking, Summary Enjoy amazing views ofthe ocean from this wonderful bight and sunny apartment. Only a two-minute walk from the beach! Description ‘This beautiful apartment has everything you need for the perfect vacation. There's a calm and peaceful double bedroom, big lounge, anda large, ‘modern kitchen. French doors lead to the balcony where you can enjoy incredible views across Brighton & Hove. Location ‘The apartment hasan ideal location close tothe lovely Hove Gardens, minutes away from the seafront. (The path next to our building leads directly ther!) ‘We'ea five-minute walk to the center of Brighton, where youl find lots of cafés, restaurants, and shops. Sof you want to go shopping, see the sights, or simply sunbathe on the beach, this isthe pace for you, Price £115 per night Amenities Sofa folds out oa bed fortwo. Large (50-inch) HD TV with DVD player, free Internet, fully equipped kitchen with washer/dryer. Charge for parking permit £5 per day. Summary Stay inthis amazing bedroom at the top of our modern, spacious Victorlan home. Very private, wth your own bathroom, and well located for nearby ighton. Youll be a short bus ride from this famous seaside city—perfect foracity break! Description Your room is on the top floor of our townhouse, so you are separated from the noise of our family and can enjoy a peaceful stay. The room is bright, fresh, and clean with its own bathroom. There isa really comfy king-sized bed, beautiful Egyptian cotton sheets, and flufy towels. Location Portslade isa friendly neighborhood. There i plenty of free parking and great access to public transportation to help you explore easly. There are lots of restaurants, coffee shops, and cafés nearby. We've lived here for ‘ten years and can advise on anything from sightseeing to sports... just ask! Price £39 pernight Amenities TV with 100-plus channels, Wii, DeLongi coffee machine, free Internet, free bottled water and chocolates = ZZ: 2. IDENTIFY Read the online ads. Choose A or 8. 55Sneed ‘Synonyms are words or phrases that have a similar ‘meaning. We often use synonyms when we want to ‘express similar ideas but without repeating the same words. This variety helps to keep the reader interested. Verbs, adjectives, and adverbs can all have synonyms. Enjoy amazing views of the ocean from this amazing wonderful apartment, 3 APPLY Look again at the ad “A Home Away from Home.” Find synonyms for these words and phrases 1 wonderful 4. welcoming amazing 2. well known 5. without difficulty 3 quiet 6 locally 4. EXPAND Find five pairs of synonyms in the ad “Perfect, for the Beach.” Bun ae Using two or more adjectives We use adjectives when we describe people or things. We ‘an put two oF more adjectives before a noun. We don’t se a comma between adjectives of diferent types. beautiful Egyptian cotton sheets We put a comma between adjectives of the same type. ‘modern, spacious Victorian home We can put two or more adjectives after a noun + be. We use a comma between each adjective, but we put and and a comma before the final adjective. ‘The room is bright, fresh, and clean When putting adjectives together, follow this order opinion size age shape color origin material purpose See Grammar focus on page 163. 5 IDENTIFY Write each word in the correct column. leather glass woo! round square rectangular tiny massive big lovely attractive pleasant Opinion Size Shape Material NN 6 APPLY Put the words into the correct order. 1 a/modern apartment /large 2. a/new/bed /comfortable 3. a/round /table/small/ wooden 4 a/mirror/old square beautiful /siver 5 a/leather/ big / wonderful /sofa/red/Italian 7 EXPAND Rewrite the descriptions including the words in parentheses and commas if necessary. 1. a beautiful table (glass / modern square) a beautiful, modern square glass table 2. anew apartment (expensive / small / stylish) 3 aback sofa (leather / old) 4. a wooden desk (large / writing) 5a small bedroom (neat / pleasant / spare) 9 8 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Write three sentences to describe your home and furniture. Bree a aust DOTS eee Many nouns have specific prepositions that follow them. There is often only one possible preposition that can follow a particular noun. Study these examples. Nouns followed by to: access, reference Nouns followed by of: description, member Nouns followed by for: advertisement, demand Nouns followed by in: change, interest oxford 3000" 9) IDENTIFY Find examples of nouns followed by these prepositions in the ads in Exercise 2. (There are multiple Correct answers) 2x noun + of. TL xnoun + to 1 xnoun + for.10 BUILD Complete the letter using the noun + preposition combinations from the Vocabulary Development box. Dear Mrs. Robinson, lama the Newberry Residents Association. | am writing in? your rental property at 201 Lakeside Drive. understand there is a vacation properties inthe area, but Im afraid we have received alot of complaints from neighbors about noise. They also mention * {is sometimes impossible because of illegal parking by your ‘quests. lam attaching a full they have brought to my attention. resident parking spaces all the problems | would lke to ask you to please remove the online *____ the property until we can all agree on a way forward. If there sno”. ‘the situation, | will contact the police. Ihave no * ‘causing trouble, but this problem must be resolved, Yours sincerely Rickard A, Treat Richard A.Trent 111 PREPARE Imagine you want to rent your home or a room in your home. Prepare to write an ad, Look at the ads in Exercise 2 and make notes of the features you want to advertise Title: This is ike a headline. Try to grab your reader's attention! ‘Summary: A short but interesting overview. Focus on two to three important features. Description: Use lots of adjectives to describe the accommodation in detail. Use synonyms to keep the reader interested. Location: Give key information about the neighborhood, such as where to eat and how to get around, 12 WRITE Write the ad, Follow the structure in Exercise 11 to help you, 43 DEVELOP Look atthe checklist. Find ways to improve your ad oes the ad include synonyms? 1 Ate adjectives in the correct order? Are nouns followed by the correct preposition? Did you use addition linking words? 1 Does the ad have al the parts and give al the information listed in Exercise 11? 414, SHARE Work in groups and read each other's ads. Which ‘ad do you like best? Why? Correct any errors and suggest areas for improvement. 15, IMPROVE Rewrite your ad, using your classmates’ feedback to help you 9%. WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? What are the disadvantages of rental properties? How do they affect the local neighborhood? Would you rent your home to a stranger? 374. ACTIVATE why do most people need to cal somewhere home? How important is having a home to you? 2 VOCABULARY Match each phrasal verb with a phrase, 1 catch up a and get married 2 settledown b things you don’t want 3 figure out ¢ onnews 4 getridof — d_ the answertoa problem 5 checkon —_e_soyourre not late 6 hurryup someone to make sure they‘e all right ‘Toxtord 3000™ 3 BUILD Write the number of each phrasal verb (1-6) from Exercise 2 next tothe correct definition. a __make sure there is nothing wrong b__try todo something more quickly © understand chat about recent developments © throw away f __find a home and stop traveling 4 @ ASSESS Listen to Nicki, a travel blogger, talking with her brother. Choose the correct words to complete the summary of their conversation [Nicki and her brother are catching up before / ater hee trip to Pars. Nicki Her brother enjoys traveling for work. Her brother thinks Nicki should / shouldnt settle down, 5 @ IDENTIFY Listen again and answer the questions. Which country will Nicki vist first on her next trip? Who is she staying with right now? How old is she? Why is she happy about her life? How does she feel about not having a home? rw pee 7 6 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? What are the advantages and sdvantages of traveling for work? Do you agree with, Nicki or her brother? “® LISTENING SKILL Distinguishing levels of formality Listening to the way a person speaks can help you ‘understand the level of formality ofa situation. Pay attention to the vocabulary, contractions, and sentence structure that speakers use In informal situations, people use shorter, simpler sentences. There are often more contractions and Informal or idiomatic vocabulary. 1'm traveling alot for work, but i's my dream, In formal situations, people often use long sentences and ‘more complex language. They avoid contractions and use ‘more standard vocabulary. Although the position requires a large amount of travel, 1 believe deeply in the work. 7 ASSESS What level of formality do you usualy use with ‘ach of these people? Put them in the correct column afamily member astranger ‘a co-worker a friend yyouremployer _aclient Formal 8 @ NOTICE Listen to these pais of sentences. Notice the vocabulary, contractions, and sentence structure For each sentence, Chocte Informal or Format 1A Informal Forma 8 Informal Formal A informal Formal 8 Informal Formal A informal Formal B informal Formal 4A Infrral Formal B Informal Fora A informal Formal B Informal Forma A Informal Fora informal Formal42. IDENTIFY Choose the correct option to complete these sentences. 1 Charles was surprised/ surprising that Nick’ bag was so small [Nick think it's excited/ exciting to travel to Europe. Her family feels worred/ worrying about her future. Dr. Dubois has a very tired tring job He was very pleased/pleasng to talk about MSF Nicki and Dr. Dubois aren't clsappointed disappointing that they don't own a home. 9 @EXPAND Listen to Nicki interview Dr. Pierre Dubois from Médecins Sans Frontiéres. Notice how her language is more formal in ths situation. Number the questions in 13 DEVELOP Choose from the adjectives in Exercise 12 to complete these sentences. the order you hear them (1-6) 1. We enjoyed the fight, but the meal was 8 Do,you rind telling me what your role ix? 2. Tomorrow's trip to Paris will be great. Im so [sit correct that MSF is also known as Doctors Without {can't sleep! Borders? __ 3 Thisisa very safe neighborhood, so you shouldnt feel shaving no home a cause of regret for you? —_ about going out at night. Could you please start by explaining what MSF does? 4 AMter all day in the hot sun, we returned home ey and ready for bed. What would you say isthe greatest difficulty in your 5 ltwas___that the hotel had rooms available in work? August. Does your job require much travel? __ 10 @ ASSESS Listen again and answer the questions in 1G RTS VOUS GNGLBT How do you feel before tip Sana. ‘Are you excited or worried? 45 EXPAND Imagine you are leaving home to go on a long M1. WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Think of jobs that involve a trip for work or pleasure, Write five items you would take lot of travel. Why do you think some people like to do iwithi you anid nate your reasons: these jobs? Would you like to have a job that involves a lot, of travel? Essential travelitems _| Reasons SLi eee We use adjectives ending in -ed to talk about a person's feelings. We usualy use them after the verb be, and they are often followed by a preposition, T ''m very pleased to tell you about the work we do at MSF. We use adjectives ending in -ng to talk about a quality 416 INTERACT Work in groups, Tell each other hat items someone or something has. We can use them after the you want to take, and explain your reasons verb be or before a noun, iMyjob’s exciting That's an interesting view. See Grammar focus on page 163,Thanks for Coming 1 Imagine these people invite you to their home for dinner. \Would you bring dessert or some other gif to the dinner? your boss ‘former co-worker acassmate a close friend, anew neighbor family member your teacher 2 How often do you invite friends to your home? Tella partner about the last time. Who did you invite? Why? Did they bring a gift? 30 Watch the video and answer the questions. What event does Andy invite Max to? What gift does Andy buy? What does Kevin invite Max and Andy to do? How does Max respond? What gift do Max and Andy take to the party? When inviting someone to do something, people often begin by asking about a person’s availability before bringing up the event indirectly. For example, you might askif the person is free when the event will happen by saying something like Are you doing anything tonight? It’s then common to give more information about the event, such as where and when itis before making an invitation, Ask about availabilty » Are you doin Introduce the event > th Give more detall-»t starts at eign Invite > Do go? The language you use to invite someone depends on how well you know the person. To invite your employer or someone you don’t know wel, use longer and more complex expressions: | was wondering if you would lke to come for dinner next Monday. However, fora friend, a shorter invitation Isfine: Do you want to have dinner next Monday? Your language may also depend on how big the invitation is, For example, a wedding isa bigger event than having coffee 40 en etn aI Coreen eee ie) Kein 1 Phishavinga 4 Someyou two tonite? 2 tean Earectetaes| reviteren 3. Would ‘come? 6 Do 90? » 605 IDENTIFY Write the number of each sentence in Exercise 4 next to the correct function. ‘Ask about availabilty Introduce the event Give more detail Invite 6 INTEGRATE Complete the sentences with the words in the box. want meeting free doing like having be Thursday Asking about availabilty 1 Are you next weekend? 2 What are you tomorrow evening? Introducing the event 3 Im ‘a party at my home this Friday. 4° It’smy birthday on More detail 5 We're at the entrance to the mall at noon. 6M 30 years old! Invitation 7 Would you to join us? 8 Doyou to get something to eat later? evenness ue) To accept an invitation, confirm and thank the person, and add something positive: ook forward to it. If necessary, ‘ask for more information, such as what time it sat. ISH tei) Declining an invitation is more complex. In most situations, itis common to thank the person and say something positive, such as wishing them well. Itis also common to apologize and explain why you can’t attend. You can suggest an alternative or promise to be available next time. 7 APPLY Complete the chart. Write each function next to the correct expressions ‘Ask for details Make a promise Make an excuse Suggest an alternative Apologize Confirm ‘Accepting an invitation 1 love to, thanks. Positive comment | That sounds great. / | look forward to it. 2 Can | bring anything? / Who's coming? / What time? 10 _Dectining an invitation 3 Vi (ally sorry. 4 That's very kindof you, but Im busy then. / Vd love to, but already have plans. s How about Monday instead? 6 Next time for sure, Say thank you | Thanks very much, though. Best wishes | hope you have a great time. @ EXPAND Watch the video again. Answer the questions. 1. What does Max say to accept Andy's invitation? 2. Who declines an invitation? How? 3. What will Max, Andy, and Kevin do tomorrow evening? 4 What time will they meet? INTEGRATE With a partner, prepare to role-play one of the following situations. Student A: You want to invite your boss to lunch next ‘Thursday. There is something important you want to discuss. What should you include in your invitation? What language is appropriate? Student B: You are student A’s boss. You are busy next Thursday and need to decline the invitation. You don’t want to upset Student B. How can you reject the invitation? Student A: It’s your birthday next Tuesday, and you are planning a big party, Student Bis an old friend. Invite Student B to your party. Student B: You are busy next Tuesday evening. You can’t {go to Student A's party. Reject the invitation without causing offense. ANALYZE Work in groups and role-play your conversation to each other. Your classmates will analyze the context and decide if the language you use is appropriate.Home Is Where the Heart Is 4. ACTIVATE Discuss with a partner the differences between a house and a home. Then complete this sentence in at leas five ways, Home is.. ty meal watching TV on the couch. 2 INTERACT share your ideas of home with a group. How similar orcifferent are your ideas of home? Dee When you want to describe where a place is, use: in country/state/city ts a small town in Wyoming, close to / near to + city/towny/famous place I's very close to Yellowstone National Park. To say why it's important to you, use: W's where + I grew up || went fo college / my family lives, ete. It's where I met my husband, and we bought our frst house. To give a general description, use adjectives and comparative and superlative adjectives: Its a really beautiful, special place. It's the biggest city in the state, To describe specific parts or to say what features it has, se There is / There are and tt has: There are people from all over the wortd It's very cosmopolitan, There's lots of space. ‘thas amazing museums and castles and other historical places. 3 @ ASSESS Listen to Helen talk about the place she calls, home. Where is she talking about, and why does she call ithome? 4 @ IDENTIFY Listen again and choose the correct answers. 1. Her hometown isin / near / by the Rocky Mountains. 2. She thinks it’s an interesting / an exciting /a boring place. 3. When she was growing up, she enjoyed outdoor activities / playing games / sports. 4. The people in California are just as friendly | less friendly / ‘more friendly 5 She stil sees her old friends / only uses social media / doesn’t have any old friends. 5 ASSESS Read the Pronunciation Skill Eee In English, only the important content words are stressed, Words that are not stressed are reduced or weak. A ‘common weak sound isthe schwa /a/. Listen to this sentence and notice the schwa sounds. @ the airis so fresh there, and there's lots of space, Recognizing the schwa will help your listening comprehension, and using it wil help your speech sound ‘more natural IDENTIFY Look at these words. Underline the schwa sound, Some words have more than one schwa sound 1. condition 5 about 2 description 6 structure 3 memory 7 similar 4. important B sentence @ NOTICE Listen and check. Then listen and repeat. @ APPLY Look at these extracts from Helen's memory of home. Underline the schwa sounds. Then listen and check. 1. For me, the place | call home is Jackson. Ws a really beautiful, special place, The air isso fresh there, and there's lots of space. Live in California now, and it's not as lovely as Jackson. Jackson will always be home to me! PREPARE Where do you call home? Make notes in the chart Place: Location: Why this is home: Description: WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Work in groups. Tell your classmates about the place you call home. Now go to page 151 for the Unit 5 Review.Sere ees Peta What does the saying A picture is worth a thousand words mean? Do you agree? Share your ideas with a group. What do you take photos of? Think about some photos you have taken recently. Why did you choose to take them?The World’s Most Famous Photo im) Scientists and Explorers Episode 26:The Blue Marble In this episode, we explore a famous photo of the Earth. We hear about where and how it was taken, and why nobody knows who took it 41 ACTIVATE Read about the podcast and look at the photo. How does it make you fee!? Why do you think it has become famous? bel ane J Tel your pore an xan ou ‘Agent nouns are used for people or things that do a particular activity. Most agent nouns end in: er, -o, st, and -ian photograph—photographer explore—explorer iteditor sovern—governor artist cience—scientist ‘music—musician politician T oxford 3000 3 BUILD Write the agent nouns for these words. Use -er, -o1, -fst, oF ian, 1 art 4 act 2 Tibrary 5 perform 3 travel 6 support 4. USE Work in pairs. Make sentences using the agent nouns from the Vocabulary Development box be © Teo 5 ASSESS You are going to listen to the story behind the photograph in Exercise 1. Read the sentences. Choose the cones that you think are true. 1. This famous photograph is called the Blue Marble, 2 Itisa very recent photograph, taken just a few years ago. 3 Asatelite took this photo from space. 4 It’s the first photograph of Earth from space. eS Salas sea Listening for specific information is useful when you need to find out important details. Details often include names of places and people, dates, and numbers. Focus on these details as you listen to increase your comprehension, @ IDENTIFY Listen to the podcast and check your answers to Exercise 5. @ APPLY Read the summary. Then listen to the podcast again. Find and correct the three mistakes, ‘There were three astronauts on the ship: Eugene Cernan, Ronald Evans, and Harrison Schmitt. About three hours into their flight, they looked out the window and saw the Earth in the sunlight 39,000 kilometers away, Two of them took photographs, even though they knew it was wrong. ‘They used the same camera, so nobody knew which astronaut took the famous photograph!Tee eee ee @ Help your listeners follow your main ideas when you speak by stressing the most important word in each phrase, This also helps to keep your listener interested, For sentences and wh- questions, you stress the focus word by using rising and faling intonation, sa ae They looked out the window /and saw this amazing sight. a What did they do? For yes/no questions, you stress the focus words by using rising intonation. ee Did they follow the rules? 8 @ IDENTIFY Listen to these sentences. Find the focus words aed decde where the intonation rises an fal 1 Why isthis image so famous? 2. ttshows us how beautiful ou planet 3. Itconnects us with the universe. 4 Doesit help to bring us together? 5 It changed the way we think about ourselves 9 @USE Listen again and repeat the sentences in Exercise 8. 40 INTEGRATE Find a photo you like. Write afew sentences about it. Mark the focus words in each phrase, and practice using rising and falling intonation. Then read aloud to your partner. Buk al Quantifiers: Both, several, most, and all We use quantifiers, usually before nouns, to talk about the ‘number of people or things. We use both with a plural noun to talk about two people or things. Both astronauts and satelites have taken photos of Earth We use several (+ of the) + plural noun to talk about some cof the people or things in a group. ‘There were 17 Apollo missions to the moon. Several ‘missions landed on the moon, We use most with a plural noun to talk about the majority (of the people or things in a group. ‘Most images of Earth weren't as bright or colorful as the Blue Marble. We can use both/several/most/all+ of + pronoun to talk about people or things that we have already mentioned, There were three astr photographs, nauts. All of them took See Grammar focus on page 164 111 IDENTIFY Choose the correct options to complete the text. pace Food ‘Oneofthe ‘on Apollo 17, Eugene Cernan, was alzointhe ‘earlier Gein program. ‘The quality and variety of food for the Apollo astronauts were much better than for astronauts on previous missions. Hot water was available, so they could eat ‘both / several freeze-dried foods, and the food was tastier. The astronauts carried special spoon bowis” *Several / Alof the food stuck to the spoon, ‘making eating seem similar to eating on Earth, Both / Several peas and beans were served in sauce, so they didn't fly away. There was also more choice—100 food items including strawberry and peanut cubes, spaghetti, salmon salad, and 75 drinks. Variety is important because ‘both / most astronauts will get bored of the same menu choices. The astronauts liked ‘most of/ several ofthe food items apart from freeze-dried ice cream. However, visitors can buy this in the NASA gift shop as “space food” and try it for themselves. Specialists test ‘all / all fnew foods for their smell The smell of food isa big worry. In 1976, a terible food smell caused one Soviet spacecraft to return to Earth before completing the mission! —auapted om The Oxford Encylopedia of Food and Drink in ‘Armerica, 2 el eted by Andrew F Snth 412, EXPAND Complete the sentences using the words and phrases in the box. most both several allof all 1 On Apollo 11, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walked on the moon, 2. When they go to the International Space Station, astronauts can take personal possessions with them. The limit is 5 kilos. 3 In 1972, Apollo 16 astronaut Charles Duke took a photo of his family and left it on the surface of the 4. Although astronauts are men, there are ‘more female astronauts these days. 5 Going into space is dangerous. Over the years, astronauts have died. |S WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Imagine you are going to 9% space and you can only take one image with you. What image would you take? 65re Express Yourself 4. ACTIVATE Think about your image. What do your clothes and hairstyle say about you? Hovr importants your image to you? 2 IDENTIFY Read the Reading Skil. Find the prefix in each word. autobiography _urveal__ midlife unlike _restyle Gea ecu We add prefixes to the beginnings of words to change their meanings. Recognizing common prefixes can help you guess the meanings of unfamiliar words Prefixes such as ur, ds, mi, im-, and in- give the ‘opposite meaning, e.g, unlike, disagree, misunderstand, impossible, informal. Here are the meanings of other common prefixes. anti = against » anti-smoking co= together ~ cooperate ‘mid = in the middle of » midtown 1e=do again » replay ‘auto = self » autofocus on 3 APPLY Guess the meaning of each word in Exericse 2 from its prefix. Then find each word in the article From Sel Portraiture to Seie and check your answers using the context. self-portraits. How are they similar? 1 the middle part of your life 2 the story of a person's life, created by that person 3 not real style again 5 not similar 4. INTEGRATE Read the whole article on selfies and N In 2013, selfe was Oxford Dictionaries’ Word of the Year. Does that mean people spend too much time thinking about their image? How many selfies is too many? Do you take a few selfies a week, ora few a day? Because of social media, anyone can post sefies to show the world who they are and what they do in thelr dally lives. Butsita good thing to do? ‘Although taking setfies isa modern activity, the idea of selfportraiture as self-expression is hundreds of years ld, But unlike now, the“selfies" ofthe seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were made by artists, not ordinary people. A good example ofthis is Rubens, who painted himself to show how rich and successful he was. Lots of people actin a similar way today when they take selfies in front oftheir new car or house to share on social media, We see few images of people looking unhappy or having ‘bad day. And we never see how many bad photos they took or how long ittook them to restyle thet har or their clothes! Another common theme in self-portraiture is visual autobiography. The self-portraits ofthe Dutch artist Rembrandt, for example, follow his life from youth, to the successes of his midlife, to his problems in old age. Similarly, people today post selfies online that act as a digital record of their changing lives But do sefies always reveal the truth of someone life? Some modern artists use self-portraits to ask questions about society and self-identity. For example, Spanish artist Amalia Ulman created a new identity and life story with selhes posted on Instagram. Richard Prince uses other people's selfies in his artworks and. sells them for thousands of dollars. Similarly, some. people use selfes to make themselves look more successful and their lives more glamorous than they really ae. Today, self-portraits are more popular than ever. ‘Anyone can take a selfie to record a special moment or Create an unreal image to make their lives look perfect. Artists have always used the power ofthe self-portrait; now ordinary people are using self-portraits to express themselves, too,5. EXPAND Read the article again. Decide i the statements are true (1), false (F), or not given (NG) ‘The word sefe became popular after 2013 2 It's dificult to take a good sett. Artists have created sel-portrats for hundreds of years 4 Rubens was a poor artist 5 Rembrandt used painting to show his life story Selies always reveal the truth 9 6 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Do you think selfies should reveal the truth? What kind of selfies do you take? 7 1 Choose the correct options. Rembrandt's self-portraits don’t have a litle / a lot of detail in the background. Some people say Van Gogh used too much / to0 many lines of thick paint. A litle / Lots of se-portrats show a person's status. (Only enough / @ few people can afford to pay an artist to paint their portrait. Do you think too much / many people worry about their seltimage? Some people spend too much / many time posting selfies online. I don't have too much / enough skill to take really good photos, We use a few with countable nouns and little with uncountable nouns to describe a small number or amount 10 you take a few selfs a week, ora fewa day? We use enough to say all that is necessary. We use not enough to make a negative sentence, ubens put enough d We use a lot offlts of with countable or uncountable nouns to describe a large number or amount. Lots of o See Grammar focus on page 164 Chinese tourists outside the Colosseum in Rome, Italy8 BUILD Complete each sentence using the words and phrases in the box toomuch toomany alittle afew alot enough 1 There isn't light to take a good photo in this room. Let's go outside. 2 There are photos in this email. can't send it! 3. Although you said you aren’t good at taking photos, of these are really impressive, 4. You can't print all these photos. I'll cost money! 5. I don't think posting ‘media is necessary. 6 Before you take a photo, you need to take time to make sure you include everything you want. of photos on social 9 INTERACT Find a photo you took that you don't ke For example, you can use a photo on your cell phone. Tell your partner why you dont lik it, Use to muchitoo many, 4 tea few, alot, and enough, 40 VOCABULARY Match each phrase with a picture. landscape photo photoframe infocus use a flash out of focus use a selfie stick a view of a portrait of ‘Foxord 3000™ 41 USE Complete the text using words from Exercise 10. Photography Tips First, decide what you are taking the photo of:Isit acity or? a friend? If you are taking a photo of a person, get close to them. For a’ stand further away—cities look great if you take the photo from somewhere high like a hill ora tall building. Make sure the image is* before you take the photo. Ifit’s too dark, * If you are taking a picture of yourself, to get the best result. 9:2 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? What are your three best selfie tips?That Looks Just Like a Fish! 4. ACTIVATE Describe these buildings with a partner. What does each look ike? What do you think each one is called? Which isthe funniest? 2 @ IDENTIFY Listen and complete the chart. A 8 c > Name of building The Atomium Country India Date: 1986 co3. EXPAND Read these online posts. Which building in Exercise 1 is each person describing? Unusual Places Post descriptions of unusual places you know Miguel, Mexico Have you ever sen a robot 20 stores tall? | have It’s actully the headquarters ofa bank! ‘Can you believe that? It has lots of interesting features. | saw ita night, and the robot's ‘eyes opened and closed to the sound of music! Itwas really funny! took lots of photos and showed them to all my family and friends when | got home. Raymond, China This is such an amazing building! People here callt“the most romantic building in China ‘You takean escalator up through a huge glass violin nto the main building, which is shaped like a piano, | really admire the imagination of the people who designed it. I's actually a showroom where they display plans for the development ofthe new district of Shannan, but because it's so unique, it’ a really popular tourist destination. Many couples even go there to get married...including my sister! I was there last year for her wedding. Julie, Belgium Inthe 1950s, the atom was at the center of scientific discovery. That's why they built this ‘atom shaped building, which has become Brussels biggest tourist attraction. | often go in {and look around because they have some interesting exhibitions. The public can go into five ofthe nine balls. Children can even spend the night there! The best part of my visits always the meal have atthe restaurant, whichis in the highest ball-The view over the city, is wonderful and there's a great atmosphere. Hideo, Japan When | was in Hyderabad I found myself in ths incredible building. ..that looks ike a giant fish! had a meeting at the National Fisheries Development Board, and i's where they have their office. That's the main reason why Ill never forget my visit there. bought my wife a postcard ofthe building but cant say liked itt looked very simple, and there were a lot of, steps—butitis an extraordinary building - Foe le 245 people like this view all 16 comments 4 INTEGRATE Answer the questions. Re Tuk ela eo a 1. How many buildings are government institutions? Some verbs can have two objects, a direct object and an 2 What can you do at the top of the Atomium? indirect object. 3. Which building is the head office fora financial ‘The direct object usualy answers the question What? organization? What did Hideo buy? He bought a postcard of the building. 4. What is the main purpose of the Piano House? The indirect object usually answers the question Who to 5. Which person didn’t lke the building they are aa , 2 % y describing? Who did he buy it for? He bought a pastcard for his wife, 6. Inwhich building can visitors stay overnight? We can put the indirect object before the direct object. 5 wars oun ancue ideo bought his wife a postcard. 5 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Which building do you a baie like best? Why? Tella partner. We can also put the indirect object ater the direct object and the preposition to or for. Hideo bought a postcard for his wife See Grammar focus on page 1646 APPLY Look atthe examples. Then rewrite the sentences Using t0 oF for 1 Miguel showed his family some photos of the Robot Building, Miguel showed some photos of the Robot: Bullding to his family 2 I got you a ticket for the concert. | gota ticket for you for the concert. 3. They gave the architects of the Bur Khalifa in Dubai many awards. 4. Our boss has bought everyone a ticket to see Hurst Castle 5 Can you bring me back a souvenir of your tr 6 | mailed you a copy of the guidebook last week. 7. Please could you save me a seat at the lecture? 8 We offered all students a 50 percent discount on admission, DEVELOP write the words in the correct order. Add punctuation, 1. my friends / unusual photos / to /| often send 2 aree tour / the guide / offered everyone / of the building 3. the architect / I wrote / of complaint / a letter 4 me /to Barcelona / once booked / my fami a surprise trip, 5 a copy of / you print / that photo / please can / for me ne ee ed When posting comments or short messages online, use your opening sentence to get the readers attention. Asking a question, keeping the reader guessing, of describing the scene will encourage the reader to keep reading. You may also want to surprise your reader. ‘The public library in Nice, France 8 ASSESS Read the opening sentences of the online posts in Exercise 3. How does each person start their post? Write the name. 1 starts with a fact 2 describes the scene 3. asks a question 4. keeps the reader guessing 9 INTERACT Which person's opening sentence do you think isthe strongest? Work in groups. Explain your 410 PREPARE Prepare to write a short post about something you saw that made an impression on you. Think of a picture that made you laugh or a building that you stil remember. Take notes. What was it? Where was it? Why did it impress you? How did you feel? 41. WRITE write your post. 412 IMPROVE Review your work. Ty to find areas to improve. Use the checklist to help you. 1 Is your opening sentence effective? Do any verbs have two objects? Have you used them correctly? 1 Isit clear how and why this image affected you? Have you included how the image made you feel? 413 SHARE Work in groups. Read each other’s posts. Who has the best opening sentence? Whose post isthe most interesting? Which isthe funniest? 9. WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Think of an image you have seen recently. What is it? Why do you remember it? Tell a partner. nThat Color Really Suits You >” 1 Look at these topics people often compliment each other on. Match each compliment with atopic. 1 Thatjacket looks really good on you. a_home 2. ove your hair b family 3. That's a great report. Well done. € possessions 4 Your children are very sweet. 4 clothes 5) Hey. like your cell phone © work 6 What a beautiful kitchen! f physical appearance To give a compliment in English, you can use simple expressions such as I vealy ike that sweater or I love your shoes. The most common adjectives people use when giving a compliment are nice, good, beautiful, pretty, and great. You can add realy or very to most compliments. Really is more informal than very. Remember that not all compliments are suitable for everyone. For example, you ‘might say Your hair looks nice to a friend but not your employer, 2 Do you often give compliments? Who do you give compliments to? \What do you compliment them on? How do you accept compliments? 3 Study these structures forgiving compliments. Write the number of each compliment in Exercise 1 next to the correct structure. a. Your [noun phrase] is/are very [adjective bb That [noun phrase} looks [adjective ike your (noun phrase. d_ What a(n) [adjective] [noun phrase]! __ That's a(n [adjective] [noun phrase]. £HHove your {noun phrase} 4 ‘Work in pais. Think of atleast two more compliments for each structure. Use these adjectives nice good beautiful pretty great5 @ IDENTIFY Watch the video. Answer the questions. What does Emma compliment Max on? When will Max give his presentation? ‘What does Max buy before going home? ‘What color does Andy think suits Max? What did Andy loan Max? Geena Wn ee {is common to accept a compliment in English. You can say thank you and give more information of ask a question Jn most situations. Giving more information develops the conwersation. A: I really ke your sweater! B: Oh, thanks, My sister gave it to me, ‘Asking a question encourages the person giving the compliment to explain their reasons. A: That's a great hat 8: Really? A: Yeal, it realy goes well with your shirt You can also compliment the other person. A: Ike your shoes. Thanks. Yours 1ook nice, too! 6 INTEGRATE Write each expression for responding to this compliment next to the correct strategy. Do you really think so? So's yours. | bought it ast week. ‘Thanks alot! That's a beautiful ring! 1 Say thank you. 2. Give details 3. Aska question, 4) Return the compliment. 7 @ ANALYZE Watch the video again. Which strategies, for responding to compliments do Max and Andy us, ifany? who...2 Max | Andy 1 says thank you 2 gives detalis 3 questions a compliment oo00 4 returns a compliment 8 EXPAND Work with a partner. How many different ‘compliments can you think of to use in these situations? 1. Your neighbor has bought a new car. You go toa friend's home for the first time. Your boss at work shows you a photo of her family. ‘family member is wearing new shoes. co-worker has @ new haircut ° 2 PLY Choose one situation from Exercise 8 and role-play the conversation with your partner. Use appropriate expressions and strategies for giving and responding to compliments. 40 INTERACT stand up and interact with as many classmates as you can, Compliment each other on your clothes, possessions, appearance, or something of your choice. Practice different ways of accepting compliments 1A: What a great jacket! B: Thanks. got It on saleb 4. ACTIVATE Discuss this image with a partner. What can you see? What's happening? What do you think i going to happen? How do you think the person feels? 2 @ NOTICE Read and listen to Simon Jones talk about this photo. “This isa photo my friend Gary took two years ago. We both took lots of photos, but this one is my favorite. We were in the Welsh mountains, on a three-day mountain biking trip. The mountain bike I'm using is new, and | was trying it out for the first time. You can see from the photo the scenery there is amazing. It’s so beautiful. Anyway, | really ike this photo because it shows the rocky path we rode on, which was...challenging—I almost fell a couple of times! Another reason why I lke this photo is because about five minutes after Gary took it, the sky went black, and there was this massive thunderstorm. You can see there's nowhere to hide from the rain, so we both got really, really wet. I've been on several biking trips since, but Wve never seen rain lke that again. It makes me smile just ooking at this photo!” ae ee When you peparto ghe a presentation ing vu suche phos grphy and hart abut when tnd how tos hem dn your resetaton, Ge the audience ie to study te vua on hen dsc what Jou an se, wing expresons ike Ts puesto {oa Aryoutonse font cht yore showing photo Qe deta about wats happening andy ho | aot the phot, where and when 4 @ APPLY Read and listen to Simon's presentation again, Find the phrases where Simon, gives the audience time to study. describes what you can see. ives details about what's happening. says who took the photo, where, and when, explains why he likes the photo. 5 EXPAND What expressions does Simon use to encourage listeners to look at the photograph? 6 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Do you like to take photographs? Who or what do you take photos of? Tell your partner. 7. PREPARE Find a photo that you lke. You can choose photo you took, ane with you in it, or a photo from a magazine, newspaper, or the intemet. Prepare to talk about it. Make notes and follow the advice in the Speaking box. Whereis the photo from? What does it show? What's happening? Who tookit? Where? When? 3 IDENTIFY Read the statements and choose your answers, ‘Whiy do yous ie 1 8 INTEGRATE Practice your presentation with a partner. |_| Ne ‘Take turns to present your photograph. 1 The photo was taken | Oo o inWaes. 9 IMPROVE Give your partner feedback. How well did they 2 Hewaswith agroup |] a a follow the advice in the Speaking box? How could they ofc. improve? 3. A professional a a photographer took 10 SHARE Work in groups and give your presentation. the photo 4 Shortly after, the d a a weather improved 5. Simon has happy a a a ‘memories ofthis time.How can text messages go wrong? 7 | Predictio S MC Teh bacata tia englostes tee Are you excited about the future? Why do people try to How can people try to predict the future? Influence the future? er rd 1 In groups, discuss the things people may say when they make predictions about these topics. the weather political elections REAL- sports results consumer behavior WORLD financial markets GOAL 2. How possible is it to make accurate predictions? How good are you at making predictions? oe aety Pee)be Brea aaa 4. ACTIVATE How many texts or instant messages do you send each day? Who do you text most often? Coen cd Collocations are words that people often use together. There are lats of collocations with get. With get + noun, get often means “receive.” get an email, get a job, get a chance With get + adjective, get often means “become.” get confused, get lost, get re In other collocation, get has different meanings. arrive home catch a train Understanding and using collocations will help you communicate more naturally in English. 2 VOCABULARY Complete the sentences with get collocations from the Vocabulary Development box. Make sure you use the correct form of get. 1 straight after graduation. Now, five years later," the manager! 2. | was talking on the phone while | was 50 dirt realize that my socks didn’t match, 3 You'll if you don't ask for directions. 4 saying I was the winner of a ‘competition | didn’t enter, It must be a scam, 5. I normally weekdays. at six o'clock on 3 BUILD Use get with the words in the box to complete the sentences, Make sure you use the correct form of ge. injured changed married -— angry wet better invited 1 My parents when they were in their twenties. 'm 30 and I'm stil single! 2 Ineed to before I go out. These clothes are dirty 3. Did you to Tina’s party? | didn’t! 4. had a horrible cold last weekend, but I'm finally 5 My brother doesn’t play any more. 6 The weather forecast is terrible, You better take an ‘umbrella or you'l 7 The customer told him he couldn't get a refund, playing football, so he ‘when the manager 4 INTERACT Workin pairs. Take tums making sentences using collocations with get. es Recognizing words with more than one meaning Itis important to know that in English, many words have ‘more than one meaning. Sometimes the meanings are related and do not stop you from understanding. In other ‘cases, the meanings are very different and could cause ‘misunderstandings. For example, the noun crash has four different meanings: (1) a car accident; (2) a loud noise; (@) a sudden fll in the value of something; and (4) a sudden computer failure. Use the context to make sure you have the right meaning of a word. If it doesn’t make sense, use a dictionary to check other meanings. 5 IDENTIFY Choose the correct meaning of the bold word. 1. want to see if james has replied to my text. a find out b watch 2 Sorry, didn’t get your last text. Can you resend it? a most recent only remaining 3. Acube has six faces, not four! front of head b. side or surface 4 like to add borders to my digital photos. a line between strip around the edge countries 5 Press the return key after you type your name. a piece of metal button on computer keyboard6 APPLY Find these words in the text messages, Use the context to choose the correct meaning Meaning Conversation | plans | Amaps Barrangements Conversation 2) bad | Aunpleasant Brotten engaged | Abusy B agreed to marry someone Conversation 3 Conversation 4 | spot | A'small mark B particular place ‘A group of musicians B strip of material or color Conversation 5) band When Texting Goes Wrong! Its easy to make a mistake when you are texting quickly or on. the move. But you know when ‘autocomplete’ tries to predict what you want to type...? | hate that! It’ called predictive texting, but when the predictions are wrong, people can get confused. Sometimes !ook at what ve written and think, That can'tbe right. Then | realize i's the autocorrect. We should get tid oft! Take a look at these examples | found, and see ifyou agree. Ifyou get a chance, post some of your own. Julie Hi Simon. Mr. Nortis wants to see the plans for the new office. Do you have them? Leon Hi Sarah. Sorry | couldn't come lastnight. was sick | think late some bad food. Cera Mateo Sanchez Hello, iit possible to get an emergency appointment to see the dentist? ets 7 IDENTIFY Read the text messages. Find the words where autocorrect makes an incorrect prediction in each conversation. What should it be? 1. Conversation 1: "No, idiot” should be “No, dont Conversation 2: Conversation 3: Conversation 4: Conversation 5: Steve Hey Susie, founda nice spot for the picnic ‘on Sunday. South Park. There'sa picnic area by the Fiver wide tables and benches. Ba Did you see the pics from the wedding? | posted them last night. ‘So000 sorry you missed it! You shouldn't live so fat away! ‘Two friends in CapeTown, South Africa 78 EXPAND Read the whole text and answer the questions 1 Why does the writer think predictive texting is bad? because the predictions are wrong b because people get anary ¢ because wrong predictions can confuse people 2 What does the writer want to happen? a for people to stop using predictive texting b for predictive texting to get better for people to be more careful when texting 3. Which conversations are between friends or family members? 4 Conversations 1, 3, and 5 b Conversations 2, 4, and 5 © Conversations 2,3, and 4 4 Which conversation includes a compliment? Conversation 2 b Conversation 4 © Conversation 5 5 Which two conversations include a suggestion? Conversations 1 and 3 b Conversations 3 and 4 Conversations 4 and 5 9 9 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Are you always careful when you send a text? Do you always correct any mistakes you ‘make? Tell partner. © GRAMMAR IN CONTEXT Must, have to, and can’t: Perteeise risen cad We use must or has/have to when we are very sure something is true, ‘must be the autocorrect. We use can't when we are very sure something is not true. We don't use mustn't in this way. That can’t be right. Pra mwantbe righ See Grammar focus on page 165, 410 APPLY Choose the correct options 1 A: Ted still hasnt replied to my text B: His phone must / can't be switched of. just left him a voicemail 2A: The keypad on this phone's really smal. B: That have to/ must make't ficult to use. : 3. A: These aren't my headphones. (Oh. They have to / can’t be someone else's then, 4. A; [got over 50 texts from friends on my birthday yesterday. B: Wow. That's alot. You must / can’t be very popular! 5A: Justin just bought another cell phone. He must / mustn't be crazy. He already has two! 41 EXPAND Complete the dialogue with can't, must, or have to, Multiple answers may be possible 1: Thistext! know anyone that has this number. It? be forme, 8: Did you senda text or give your number to anyone recently? ‘A; Hmm, Well, actully yes. A friend of my brother, John, 1 gave him my number last weekend, B: Soit” be from him then, ‘A: Look. Here’ another one! I don't understand why...oh, wait a minute. It says | at the end. OK, so they “ be from him. Mystery solved! bbe for someone else. don’t SM PRONUNCIATION SKILL Elision @ When the oF fl sound comes a the end ofa word and the next word starts witha vowel Sound, we pronounce the orf. For example: Pease gtin touch by ema or send txt However, when the next word stats with a consonant Sound, we usualy dont pronounce i Can you get my ret pen om the desk? 12 @ NOTICE Look at the dialogue in Exercise 11 again. ind words ending in // or /e/ and decide it this final sound is pronounced or not. Then listen and check. 43 @ APPLY Listen and repeat the sentences from the clalogue that use elision 44 INTERACT Practice the dialogue with a partner. Be sure 10 use elsion, %:; WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? When is it better to call someone rather than text? Are there things you don’t like to say as.a text message?Changes Ahead 4. ACTIVATE Look t the images. s this how you imagine the future? What do you think the world will be liken 50 years time? Besa eeu nega CE We use will or wont to make guesses or predictions about the future, What will ite be like in the future? We often use !think/believe... o I don't think/believe... to introduce a prediction, | don't believe driverless cars wil be popular. We can use will + probably or probably + won't to make the prediction alittle less certain. Definitely makes a prediction more certain, People wil probably five longer. re probably won't be 3D-printed food. Cities will definitely be much bigger. We can use might or might not to make predictions we are less sure about. People might travel less in the future. Cars might not need drivers See Grammar focus on page 165. 2. APPLY Wiite the phrases in the correct order to find ten predictions. 1. holograms to attend/We will use/ meetings without/ leaving home. 2 and Mars on vacation. /to the moon/ People will go 3 in 3D-printed houses / We will live / 3D-printed furniture. / and use 4. they can download / 3D-printed food / Everyone will eat / in minutes. 5. Medical pods/ health information. /very accurate/ will help to provide 6 entire cities. / giant skyscrapers / There will be / the size of 7. People will live /buildings up to/in huge underground / 25 levels deep. 8 the oceans. /Huge underwater /cities will/be built in 9 will replace Personal flying drones /cars. 10 be over/Most people/100 years old. will live to3. EXPAND Complete the sentences using wil, won", might or might not. A Ifyou ask me, people! be abe to travel back n time. That’ impossible! 8: | agree, And I don’t think people * live on other planets, ether A: Really? Ym not sure. We » you know! 8: What do you mean? ‘A; Well, there are more and more people in the world have a choice, One day we definitely have a problem. We * ‘need to find somewhere for everyone tolive. B: Yes, but that be on another planet. Its too difficult! We” probably live underwater, here on Earth. It’s easier to build under the seal ‘A: Maybe, but you never know. Space travel become more common than you think! 4 INTERACT Which ofthe ten predictions from Exercise 2 do you think wil come true? Why or why not? Discuss {your ideas with a partner. Give your opinion using wil or might andthe phrases in the Grammar box. | don’t think people will eat: 3D-printed food. te probably won't taste good. lagree there might: be underwater c There won'tbe anywhere else to lve! ties one day. 5. VOCABULARY Read the questionnaire. Then complete it with your own answers. 9 6 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Workin pairs. Compare your answers, Do you share similar views of your future? 7 VOCABULARY Complete the collocations with the words and phrases in the box. ‘accurate for certain confident doubt evidence as far as ‘Toxtord 3000 1 seriously something 2. examine the 3 know 4) make an prediction 5. know 6 be that something is true >” Cole ket gn ard Bill Gates said, “We don't have the option of turning, away from the future. No one gets to vote on whether technology is going to change our lives! While no one knows for certain what the future will bring, technology will definitely cause change. But how? Answer the questions to share your vision of the future. 1” vacation in space. will b probablywon't —¢ won't Robot doctors doctors. will b might won't be better than human Spaceships or flying cars, replace cars. a will b might won't 4” live in houses anymore, a will b probablywon't —¢ won't We discover evidence of life on other planets. a will b might won't pees ‘Which prediction are you most confident about? why?8 BUILD Use words and phrases from the box in Exercise 7 to complete these sentences. 1. really hope well find of life on other planets. | definitely think there is life out there! 2 Im that medication will be more effective ‘and equipment in hospitals will be more advanced, 3 I know people think we'll ll have spaceships, but '’m concerned, there's nothing that can replace the car. 4 [think it might be possible to go to the moon for a short time, but!___'llbe able to afford it because it will be very expensive. 5. I think technology will definitely become more important for our health, We will all carry tiny computers that will record everything we do and keep information about us. 6 Well, Lean’t say but | hope rll have a nice house in the country. There might be huge skyscrapers, but | don’t want to lve in one! eae Punctuation shows the reader the structure of the sentence and makes it easier for readers to understand your writing. Making mistakes with punctuation looks unprofessional and gives a bad impression 9 IDENTIFY study the fst paragraph of the questionnaire in Exercise Sand notice the use of punctuation. Which punctuation features can you find? “quotation marks = period 1 exclamation point + comma ? question mark A capital letter 410 ASSESS Write each punctuation feature next to the correct use. 1 Tomark the beginning ofa sentence: “To mark the end ofa sentence: To mark the beginning and end of a quote: To mark pauses in a sentence: To signal a question: To signal emotion: 41 IDENTIFY We also use capital letters for names, titles, ities, countries, and languages. Find the examples of each use inthis sentence. Dr. Jaira Marquez from Puebla in Mexico can speak English, Spanish, and Portuguese. 412. APPLY Rewrite these sentences using correct punctuation. Bad Predictions! 1 in 1943 thomas watson chairman of IBM famously said | think there is a world market for maybe five computers 2. according to a western union memo written in 1876 the telephone has too many disadvantages to be seriously considered as a means of communication 3 when decca recording company rejected the beatles in 1962 they wrote we don't like their sound and guitar ‘music is on the way out 4. a rocket will never be able to function in space predicted the new york times in 1936 5. twill be many years before a woman will become prime minister said margaret thatcher in 1974 she was prime ‘minister ofthe united kingdom from 1979 to 1990 43 PREPARE How do you think life might be different in the future? Choose one of the topics or your own topic, and note your ideas. the environment globalization future cities space exploration your own topic: 414 PLAN You are going to write a short questionnaire to find ‘out about people's attitudes toward the future. Think of a title for your topic, and write a short introduction. Use the model in Exercise 5 to help you. 45. WRITE Use your notes in Exercise 13 to make alist of ‘questions to ask. Use willmight, and follow the guidance below. Keep questions simple, Use a mix of open questions (wh- questions) and closed ‘questions (yes/no, agree/aisagree). Make sure each question focuses on one point only. Write six to eight questions. 416 ASSESS Exchange your questionnaire with a partner. Use the checklist to review your partner's work. 1 Isthe punctuation correct? 1 Isthere a mix of different question types? 1 Dees each question focus on only one point? 1 Are the questions simple? (1 Are willand might used correctly? 17 IMPROVE Ask your partner for their feedback. Find ways to improve your questionnaire. 48 SHARE Find out about your attitude toward the future Complete the surveys of three other students. ]9 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Put your questionnaire online 9; and ask your friends to complete it al73 4. ACTIVATE English i a global language. Why do you think so many people around the world speak English? How many reasons can you think of? 2 INTERACT How popular is English in your country? How do you think English wil help you in your ife? Share your ideas with a group. 3 EXPAND Read the text. Decide which language each list of loanwords comes from, Compare your answers with a partner. Arabic allan French German Chinese Dutch loanword isa word that one language takes from another. For example, in English, the word garageis from French, Some loanwords keep their pronunciation, grammar, and ‘meaning, but most change their spelling and pronunciation to fit the rules ofthe language they move 10, This process often takes years. ‘aneise Oxford Companion tothe English bbroccol, balcony, pizza, umbrella ‘mayonnaise niece, souveni, restaurant coffee, cola, cotton, sofa cookie, cruise, lea, yacht delicatessen, Frankfurter, hamburger, kindergarten ketchup, sik ea, tofu 9 4 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Do you use any English loanword in your language? ‘ 82 5 VOCABULARY Match the words with their definitions, accent translation global pronunciation adopt billion generation oxford 3000" 1. all the people who were born around the same time o_ 2. way of speaking which shows where you are from o_ 3. one thousand million 1,000,000,000 (number) _ the process of changing words in one language to words in another language (n) 5 covering the whole world (adj) _ 6 the way in which something is pronounced (qa) _ 7. to start using a particular thing or method (v) 6 USE Complete the sentences using words from Exercise 5, Change the form where necessary. 1 Wsnot your that is important when speaking another language; it’s your If you pronounce the words correctly, people will understand you, 2. Schools have ‘anew way of language learning that focuses on speaking and communication skills, 3 English is spoken by more than one and a half people in the world. 4. Social media allows us to feel like we're part of a community. 5 There are many English by authors such as Tolstoy and Flaubert. 6 Languages change over time: people from different ‘sometimes don't understand each other! of novels written, Itisn‘t always necessary to understand all the information you hear. Knowing how to listen for the main ideas can help your listening comprehension. To listen for main ‘ideas, focus on the general topics and don’t worry about the details 7 @WENTIFY Listen tothe fst part ofa students presentation, Choose the two main ideas (I ALanguages are always changing 1] B There is more than one kind of English, 5) €itlerent accent are hard to understand Dots of people speak English, but that might changeboise Adverbs: A little, pretty, much, and really We can use the adverbs prety, a ite, and really+ adjective after the verb be. All the Englishes are a little aifferent Both those predictions are really worrying. We can also use pretty and really before adjective + noun. That's a pretty large number. We can use a litle + negative adjective after the verb be. ''ma litle concerned about the future of language We can use the adverbs a litle or much + comparative adjective. We often use than after a comparative adjective, This new language will be much easier to learn than English See Grammar focus on page 165. 8 @ APPLY Read the summaries, then isten tothe second part ofthe presentation. Which summary best describes the presentation? 1 Summary A The student talks about how the number of languages in 2 the world will decrease in the future. Then he suggests that creating a new language will help global communication. 3 Summary B The student predicts that the number of languages will decrease, and Chinese or Arabic might take over. Then he 5 suggests that loanwords can make learning a language and translation easier. Summary € The student thinks that English wil kill other languages ; unless we create a new language that is easier to learn and can help international communication. 9 @ EXPAND Listen tothe whole presentation and answer the questions 1) How many Enlish speakers are there today? 2. What thee things can be etferent from one kindof English to another? 3 How many kinds of English are there inthe world? ‘i 4 Which isthe fastest growing language today? 5 What two Arabic loanword does te speaker mention? %o WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Discuss these questions 1 ‘What are the problems with translation? 2. Do you always understand people who speak the same language? 3. Isa single global language a good idea? Why or why rot? 11 USE Choose the correct answer. Visiting the country isa realy / much good way to learn language, Learning a language can be much / a litle difficult when you are older. Ws important to have a fttle | really good dictionary. Studying vocabulary is much more useful as / thar grammar. You should make progress quickly if you study really / a realy hard. Online learning is becoming much | pretty popular these days It’s much more / alittle interesting to study in groups than alone. It’s pretty / litle embarrassing to make mistakes when speaking a foreign language. 412. DEVELOP when you watch a movie in English, do you preter to watch it with subtitles? Think about the benefits land problems. Write four sentences using a lite, prety ‘much, and realy. Sometimes | use subtitles because | get really frustrated when | can't understand what the actors are saying 13 INTERACT Share your ideas with the class. Take a vote to find how many people like subtitles 9: WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Read the quote. What do you think of people you meet who can't speak your language? Do you think everyone should learn a second language? “Ifyou talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart.” Nelson Mandela 3P ENGLISH FOR REAL 4. ACTIVATE How open are you to new ideas or other people's opinions? Complete the questionnaire, and then discuss in a group. What do your answers say about you? strongly agree Agree Neutral 1 Ina discussion, I do most ofthe talking 2 can express my opinion confidently. 3. I don’t usually change my min. 4 Lam always honest about what | think. 5 often take advice from other people. 6 listen to others and give them time to talk. 2 INTERACT What do you do when you disagree with someone? Do you always tel them? Why or vty not? How do you feel when someone disagrees with you? 3 @ IDENTIFY Watch the video and choose your answers. Jenna | sam | Andy | cathy 1 Who has taken the reading strategies workshop? Tolololo 2. Who thinks the reading workshop willbe boring? 1 1 3 Who feels reading strategies are important? o\a 4 Who prefers writing to reading? ola 5 Who will email to explain their preference? 1 1 ovearee SONeY c c c L c Cpenne Penney If you disagree with someone, the topic, situation, and your relationship with the person influence how you choose to disagree. For differences of opinion about a serious topic or a disagreement with your boss, you may tty to avoid disagreement by being less direct. Being less direct often means using sentences that are more complex to avoid saying that you disagree directly or suggesting that you are unsure about your position. 1'm not sureif agree. Have you thought about..? For simple topics or with someone you know wel, you can be more direct by saying that you disagree and Using shorter sentences. In those situations, i's common to say Really? to show you disagree. In either case, try to show that you understand the other person’s opinion before you disagree. 4. EXPAND Look at these expressions from the video. Write each expression in the correct place in the chart. | see what you're saying, but ¥'m not sure about that Could you explain your thinking? Idon't agree at al Function More Direct Less Direct Disagreeing 7 2 Fm sorrybut | don't see it that way Hmm, That's not quite what | think ‘Accepting but disagreeing _| Yeah, but don’t you think Really? | agree with that, but ‘Well, that’s a good point, but, > ‘Asking for an explanation | What makes you think that? Would you mind saying more? ‘Why do you say that? 5 5 ASSESS Find these phrases in Exercise 4: Wel, Hmm, What? and Realy? What purpose do they have? 6 @ ANALYZE watch the vdeo agnn. Notice how the strategies and expresions Telp people to clsagree with each other. Who the most ect Sam, And, or etna 7 INTEGRATE Which is more important for you: improving your reading or writing? Tella partner and explain your reasons. Do you share the same opinion? 8 INTERACT Work in groups. For each statement, choose a situation (A or 8) and discuss your ideas. When you disagree, use the strategies and expressions you have learned. Be more or less drect according tothe situation Situation A: You are a group of frends sitting in a coffee shop. You ll know each other wel Situation B: You are a group of employees talking together during a work break. Some people are from a diferent department, and you dont know them well 1 Weill discover evidence ofife on other planets 2. Scientists will soon develop a cue fr cancer 3. One day people will do all their shopping online. 4. University education should be free for everybody.75 4. ACTIVATE Are you someone who has lots of goals and ambitions? Do you plan things, or do you let things happen? 2 INTERACT Complete these sentences, so they are true for you. Then compare your answers with a partner. Who Js more relaxed about the future, you or your partner? 1. I get worried if| do / don’t have plans for the weekend. 2 Ilprobably / I definitely {| might get a new job in the next year. 3. I get excited about planning vacations / going on spontaneous tips. 4. Mldefinitely | | might / | definitely won't be busy this evening, 5. 1 do/ don’t have a plan for my career. 3. @ IDENTIFY Listen tothe conversation between 2 career adsor and lent, Josh How sla Jot's attitude to yours? 4. @ EXPAND Listen again andl complete the information about Josh, Name: Tesh Saurders: Age: 24 Occupation: * Reason for vist: n't vary goat at 2 ard needs help making a ® Interests: “ Sean would the to be a * ‘Action: Jesh is gang +o do some & and thon cone back For mere advice. 7 5 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Have you ever seen a career, advisor? Who do you speak to when you want advice about work or study? Expressing worries, doubts, and problems ‘To express worries, you can use I’m worried about + ‘noun /(not)-ing verb. 1'm worried about my grades. ''m worried about not having enough time. To express uncertainty or doubt, you can use phrases such as I'm not (realy) sure and | doubt that + (it) wil. 1'm not really sure it's the best option for me. | doubt that being a manager will make me happy. Use will probably/defintely and might to talk about possible problems. ‘twill probably be hard to get a good job. tmight not pay very well 6 PREPARE Is there anything you need help planning? Use the ideas below or think of your own idea vacation or trip a celebration study project special event (e.g., a wedding) 7 DEVELOP Make some notes on what kind of help you need, possible problems, your worties, and what the timescale is | need help with: Possible problems and worries Timescale (date of event or deadline): 8 INTERACT Walk around the class. Find someone who has experience or information that can help you. Ask them {questions and complete the form below for your action plan. Be prepared to answer someone else’s questions and, help them complete their plan. First step: | need to know: Iwill do: 9 SHARE How many people completed their plans? Who {got the most interesting advice? Whose advice was the most helpful?Cees Peed designer clothes? ‘make you a hero? smartphones ‘Think about the things you spend your money on every month. How much do they cost? Complete the table below and then compare your expenses with a group. ll pho clothes education other: Where do you like to do most of your shopping? Explain your reasons in groups. online from small, local from large department stores at design4. ACTIVATE When you buy clothes, how important are these things to you? Number these factors in order (1-5) a Price d_ Designer b Quality fe Comfort Fashion __ 2 VOCABULARY Match the words and phrases. 1 impress a exchange something 2 the latest band match 3 mix © someone 4 wyto fashion 5 follow arefund 6 keep fname 7 ask for 9. within budget 8 brand hb atrend ‘Foxford 3000™ 3. BUILD Complete these statements using words from Exercise 2. 1 prefer to buy presents that are from a well-known 2. Inever something if| get it asa gift. 3. When | am not happy with a product, | ask for a 40 If ldon’t have a {or clothes and shoes, | spend too mud 5 Itty to give presents that will people, 6 Loften choose colors that__ my eyes or hair. 7 is very important to me. 8 One | definitely don’t follow is wearing

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