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Home » Strength of Materials » Chapter 08 - Continuous Beams

The Moment Distribution Method

Moment distribution is based on the method of successive approximation developed
by Hardy Cross (1885–1959) in his stay at the University of Illinois at Urbana-
Champaign (UIUC). This method is applicable to all types of rigid frame analysis.
 
Carry-Over Moment
Carry-over moment is defined as the moment induced at the fixed end of a beam by
the action of the moment applied at the other end.
 

 
Consider the propped beam shown above,
EItB/A=(AreaAB)⋅ˉXB=0
12LMA(23L)+12LMB(13L)=0
MA=−12MB

 
Thus, the moment applied at the roller end carries over to the fixed end a moment
that is half the amount and of opposite sign.
 
Beam Stiffness
Beam stiffness is the moment required to produce unit rotation at the simply
supported end of a beam, the other end being rigidly fixed.
 
From the beam above,
EIθAB=AreaAB
EIθ=12LMA+12LMB
EIθ=12L(−12MB)+12LMB
EIθ=−14LMB+12LMB
EIθ=14LMB
MB=4EIθL
 
If θ = 1 radian, MB = beam stiffness K, thus
Absolute K=4EIL
 
For constant E,
Relative K=IL

 
Modified K
For hinge and roller ends, multiply K by 3/4 to eliminate further distribution of
moment on that support.
 
Fixed End Moments (FEM)
Assume that each span of continuous beam to be fully restrained against rotation
then fixed-end moments at the ends its members are computed.
 
Sign Convention
Counterclockwise moments acting on the beam are considered to be positive, and
clockwise moments acting on the beam are considered negative. This implies that
clockwise reaction at the joint is positive and counterclockwise reaction at the joint is
negative.
 
End Moments End Moments
Type of Load
(Actual Sign) (Used Sign)

MA=−Pab2L2 FEMAB=−Pab2L2

MB=−Pa2bL2 FEMBA=+Pa2bL2

MA=−PL8 FEMAB=−PL8

MB=−PL8 FEMBA=+PL8

MA=−woL212 FEMAB=−woL212

MB=−woL212 FEMBA=+woL212
 MA=−5woL2192 FEMAB=−5woL2192

MB=−11woL2192 FEMBA=+11woL2192

MA=−woL230 FEMAB=−woL230

MB=−woL220 FEMBA=+woL220

MA=−5woL296 FEMAB=−5woL296

MB=−5woL296 FEMBA=+5woL296

MA=MbL ( )
3aL−1 FEMAB=+MbL ( )
3aL−1

MB=−MaL ( )3bL−1 FEMBA=+MaL ( )

3bL−1

MA=−6EIΔL2 FEMAB=−6EIΔL2

MB=6EIΔL2 FEMBA=−6EIΔL2

 
Distribution Factor, DF
At a joint, the distribution factor of a member is the ratio of the bending stiffness of
the member to the sum of bending stiffness of all the members connected to the
joint.
 
DF=KΣK

 
In general, the end moments of any two adjacent spans are not equal creating an
unbalanced moment at the joint. This unbalanced moment is then distributed in
percentage equal to the distribution factor.
 Note:
DF = 0 for fixed end.
DF = 1 for hinged or roller end.
 
Tags: 

moment distribution method

Continuous Beams

carry-over moment

beam stiffness

distribution factor

fixed-end moment

 Problem 877 | Continuous Beam by Moment Distribution Method

 Problem 878 | Continuous Beam by Moment Distribution Method
 Problem 879 | Continuous Beam by Moment Distribution Method
 Problem 880 | Continuous Beam by Moment Distribution Method
 Problem 881 | Continuous Beam by Moment Distribution Method
 Problem 882 | Continuous Beam by Moment Distribution Method
 Problem 883 | Continuous Beam by Moment Distribution Method
 Problem 884 | Continuous Beam by Moment Distribution Method
 Problem 885 | Continuous Beam by Moment Distribution Method
‹ Problem 872 | Continuous Beam with Spring End-SupportupProblem 877 | Continuous
Beam by Moment Distribution Method ›

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Strength of Materials
 Chapter 01 - Simple Stresses
 Chapter 02 - Strain
 Chapter 03 - Torsion
 Chapter 04 - Shear and Moment in Beams
 Chapter 05 - Stresses in Beams
 Chapter 06 - Beam Deflections
 Chapter 07 - Restrained Beams
o Chapter 08 - Continuous Beams
 The Three-Moment Equation
 Reactions of Continuous Beams | Shear Diagrams
 Continuous Beams with Fixed Ends
 Deflections Determined by Three-Moment Equation
o The Moment Distribution Method
 Problem 877 | Continuous Beam by Moment Distribution Method
 Problem 878 | Continuous Beam by Moment Distribution Method
 Problem 879 | Continuous Beam by Moment Distribution Method
 Problem 880 | Continuous Beam by Moment Distribution Method
 Problem 881 | Continuous Beam by Moment Distribution Method
 Problem 882 | Continuous Beam by Moment Distribution Method
 Problem 883 | Continuous Beam by Moment Distribution Method
 Problem 884 | Continuous Beam by Moment Distribution Method
 Problem 885 | Continuous Beam by Moment Distribution Method
 Chapter 09 - Combined Stresses
 Chapter 10 - Reinforced Beams
 
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