Full Report Building Performance PDF

NAME:
NURAZWANI BINTI AHMAD (2018227374)

NUR SABRINA BINTI RAMLAN (2018657622)
NURUL ZULAIKHA BINTI ALIAS (2018227074)
NUR FARAH AINA BINTI HAIRUL ANUAR (20182244768)
CLASS: AP229D4B
BUILDING PERFORMANCE AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
06/22/2020
OF RESIDENTIAL HOMES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 6
Abstract ..................................................................................................................... 6
1.1. Aims and Objectives .......................................................................................... 6
1.2. Limitation ............................................................................................................ 7
1.3. Scope of study ................................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................... 8
2.1. ENERGY PERFORMANCE ............................................................................... 8
2.2. BUILDING DESIGN AFFECT BUILDING PERFORMANCE ........................... 10
2.3 ENERGY EFFICIENCY .................................................................................... 12
2.4 ENERGY SAVING FOR BUILDING ................................................................. 14
CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS OF CASE STUDY ............................................................. 15
3.1. ZULAIKHA’S HOUSE ...................................................................................... 15
3.1.1. Background of Zulaikha’s House ............................................................... 15
3.1.2. Location of Zulaikha’s House .................................................................... 16
3.1.4. Building Performance on Zulaikha’s House. ............................................. 17
3.2. SABRINA’S HOUSE ........................................................................................ 21
3.2.1. Background of Sabrina’s House ................................................................ 21
3.2.2. Location of Sabrina’s House...................................................................... 23
3.2.3. Building Performance on Sabrina’s House................................................ 25
3.3. FARAH’S HOUSE ............................................................................................ 31
3.3.1. Background of Farah’s House ................................................................... 31
3.3.2. Location of Farah’s House......................................................................... 33
3.3.3. Building Performance on Farah’s House................................................... 34
3.4. AZWANI’S HOUSE .......................................................................................... 39
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3.4.1. Background of Azwani’s House ................................................................. 39
3.4.2. Location of Azwani’s House ...................................................................... 40
3.4.4. Building Performance on Azwani’s House ................................................ 42
CHAPTER 4: COMPARISON BY CASE STUDY ...................................................... 46
4.1. ANALYSIS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION..................................................... 46
4.2. ANALYSIS ON ELECTRIC APLLIANCE ON 4 CASE STUDY ....................... 48
4.3. ANALYSIS ON TOTAL OF ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION (kWh) IN 4 CASE

STUDY .................................................................................................................... 50
4.4. ANALYSIS BY MONTHLY ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND BILLS PRICE IN 6

MONTHS ................................................................................................................. 52
4.5. SUGGESTION ON CASE STUDY .................................................................. 54
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ........................................ 57
CHAPTER 6: REFERENCE ....................................................................................... 58
CHAPTER 7: APPENDICES ...................................................................................... 60
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LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 1: Zulaikha's House ......................................................................................... 15
Figure 2: Key Plan of Zulaikha's House ..................................................................... 16
Figure 3: Location Plan of Zulaikha's House.............................................................. 16
Figure 4: Graph of power consumption for 6 months at Zulaikha's House ................ 19
Figure 5: Sabrina's House .......................................................................................... 21
Figure 6: Property Information ................................................................................... 22
Figure 7: Location Plan of Sabrina's House ............................................................... 23
Figure 8: Site plan of Sabrina's House ....................................................................... 24
Figure 9: Graph of Energy Consumption on 6 months .............................................. 29
Figure 10: View of Farah's House .............................................................................. 31
Figure 11: Key Plan of Farah's House ....................................................................... 33
Figure 12: Location Plan of Farah's House ................................................................ 33
Figure 13: Graph of Consumption Power Energy and Monthly Bills Price ................ 37
Figure 14: View of Azwani' House.............................................................................. 39
Figure 15: Key Plan of Sekinchan. ............................................................................. 40
Figure 16: Location Plan of Azwani House. ............................................................... 40
Figure 17: Site Plan of Azwani House........................................................................ 41
Figure 18: Graph on consumption power energy and bills price ............................... 44
Figure 19: Graph of total energy performance on 4 case study ................................ 46
Figure 20: Graph of total electrical appliances by house ........................................... 48
Figure 21: Graph of total electrical consumption by house ........................................ 50
Figure 22: Graph on monthly energy consumption and bills price in 6 months in 4
case study .................................................................................................................. 52
Figure 23: Smart Meter Technology........................................................................... 54
Figure 24: Example of wattage label on electrical product ........................................ 55
Figure 25: Energy efficiency label .............................................................................. 55
Figure 26: Energy saving by switch off electrical appliances ..................................... 56
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LIST OF TABLE
Table 1: The most usage of electrical appliances in residential building. .................... 9
Table 2:Electric Appliances on Zulaikha's House ...................................................... 17
Table 3: Calculation of Energy Performance at Zulaikha's House ............................ 18
Table 4: Power consumption for 6 months................................................................. 19
Table 5: List of Electrical Appliance on Sabrina's House........................................... 26
Table 6: Energy Performance on Sabrina's House .................................................... 28
Table 7: Monthly energy consumption for 6 months .................................................. 29
Table 8: Property Information ..................................................................................... 32
Table 9: List of Electrical Appliances ......................................................................... 34
Table 10: Calculation of Energy Performance on Farah's House .............................. 36
Table 11: Data electrical consumption and bill price.................................................. 37
Table 12: Property Information ................................................................................... 41
Table 13: List of Electrical Appliances on Azwani's House ........................................ 42
Table 14: Calculation of energy performance ............................................................ 43
Table 15: Data of electrical consumption for 6 months .............................................. 44
Table 16: Analysis on energy consumption by 4 case study ..................................... 46
Table 17: Total of electrical appliances by house ...................................................... 48
Table 18: Total Electrical Consumption by house ...................................................... 50
Table 19: Monthly energy consumption and bills price in 6 months on 4 case study 52
Table 20: Calculation of Building Performance on Zulaikha's House ........................ 60
Table 21: Calculation of Building Performance on Sabrina's House ......................... 61
Table 22: Calculation of Building Performance on Farah's House ............................ 62
Table 23: Calculation of Building Performance on Azwani's House .......................... 63
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah and praise to Allah S.W.T because with his blessing we can finally finish
this group assignment within the time stipulated. Firstly, we would like to say thank
you to our lecture Madam Norazura Binti Mizza Azmi throughout his guide and support
for us to start this report until we finish all the task given. Without her constant guidance,
the assignment would be impossible to be completed and we may encounter many
problems along this process learning. Beside, we also want to be thankful to the
parents which gives us site for case study to complete the Energy Performance in the
house.
In addition, we would also like to say thank you to all of our group members that always
giving their fully cooperation and efforts such as all of the members attended every
meeting and share their opinion or the ideas in throughout the process to doing this
assignment. Other than that, we had learnt a lot of values in this work group as a team
to develop about Energy Performance on different case study process. Also, we would
like appreciate our beloved parents for them prays and wishes for the successful
completion of this project and they always give their support for us to do the best for
our assignment.
We hope that all of this knowledge will not be forgotten and will continue to bring
wonders in the future.
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Abstract
The more modern world is; the more energy consumption was used. Each year the
rate of electricity consumption increases as to reach the level of user satisfaction.
Generally, building performance refers to a measure that assesses efficiency function
based on energy use, heat loss and structural performance. While, energy efficiency
can be defining as usage of less energy for perform the building performance to
prevent energy waste where energy waste leads to the high cost of bills, dangerous
gas emission and more economical in terms of saving the environment. In this report,
it will show the building performance and energy efficiency of residential home based
on 4 case study from member group. In short, this report discusses ways to improve
energy efficiency levels and analyze electricity consumption rates based on Kilowatt
Hour (KWH) every month.
1.1. Aims and Objectives
The aim for this study is to analyze the energy consumption and suggest way to
improve the energy efficiency in residential house. Below is the list of objective on this
study:
1. To understand the reason of energy consumption, use on residential building.

2. To discuss the energy conservation on every house on group member.
3. To apply the right way of energy efficiency at case study.
4. To report the building performance toward energy consumption on case study.
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1.2. Limitation
Every case study will occur their own limitation since there have 4 case study to be
analyzed in this report. The effect of limitation might affect the data result at the end
of the report. These are some limitation which are:
1. The bills for in February, March and April has same rate of KWH. Due to the
Movement Control Order (MCO), the government decide to calculate is lump
sum and it may be not having an accurate data for every month energy
consumption.
2. Kilo watt hour (kWh) rate may be inconsistent with monthly payment due to
outstanding bill because of Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) does not coming to
record the rate consumption during MCO.
3. There has some appliance is not a home appliances and take a lot of energy
consumption.
4. It might have adjusting data of energy consumption due to the function of
appliance is starting to broken.
1.3. Scope of study
The scope of study is required to analyze the building performance on every house of
group member to acknowledge the reason of every month rate consumption and
suggest way to enhance the energy efficiency. It required to:
1. List all electrical appliances with duration of usage and power consumption for
every home appliance.
2. Calculate the building performance energy within total power consumption and
area of the house.
3. Suggest the best way for energy conservation on every house to overcome the
problem of high electricity bills and energy waste.
4. Make a comparison on each case study and analyze the trend of graph for 6
months of electricity bills.
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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1. ENERGY PERFORMANCE
Based on review of definition by (Poel et al., 2007) stated, The ‘‘energy performance
of a building’’ is defined as ‘the amount of energy actually consumed or estimated to
meet the different needs associated with a standardized use of the building’. This
amount shall be reflected in one or more numeric indicators, which have been
calculated. It is an amount of energy has been used which will meet the level comfort
of occupants with the required usage that has been standardised. Through the usage
there will be tools to measure the perfect and required energy that must be achieve.
Hence, as in Malaysia, there are a few ways to ensure a better energy performance
for each types of building. One of them is enforcement by Energy Commission
regarding the usage of electrical appliances which they have been set to achieve a
better performance of energy that could secure usage of energy and standard needs
by user. As the example, energy rating that has been set for each electrical appliance
will indicates the energy performance in the building which the highest star will help in
reduction of high energy to operate the turbine and motor.
The “energy performance certificate’’ is a document that indicates ‘the energy

performance of a building, calculated according to a methodology based on the
general framework set out by the EPBD’ (Poel et al., 2007). Through this research the
certificate is set out by EPBD which is European Commission that has been planned
set it out along with the effort to measures and reduce the greenhouse gas emission
that going overwhelming around the world.
(Sabarinah Sh.Ahmad, 2004) said, the trend of energy consumption during the past
30 years and the prediction for the next 20 years are shown. It is showing the electricity
consumption for residential buildings from 1970 to 2020 is between 15% and 18% of
the total consumption.
The energy performance is mainly affected by increase of population and demand of

appliances usage in lifestyle. However, these energy performances that recorded is
directly explained the needs and standard that have been consume by the user or
building occupants to reach their thermal comfort.
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“By year 2020 the population is expected to be around 32 million people. The
expectation is that 75% of this population will live in urban areas. This signifies that
the rate of energy consumption will increase due to the usage of modern home
appliances, particularly Air conditions and refrigerators. Furthermore, lighting
becomes the second electric power consumption after air conditioning and refrigerator”
(Hassan et al., 2014).
Usage Equipment and Remarks
Cooling Air Conditioner and other mechanical ventilation
Lighting Artificial Lighting
Others Other electrical appliances such as rice cooker,

television and electrical sockets
Table 1: The most usage of electrical appliances in residential building.
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2.2. BUILDING DESIGN AFFECT BUILDING PERFORMANCE
Generally, building will be built based on the design which is suit with the building
system. The building system will cover the overall system that has been implemented
in the building such as electrical system, ventilation system, security system and
utilities system. This building system that operate will be measured by the its
performance. Hence, the proper planning of building design will be affected the
systems and its performance.
According to research by (Sabarinah Sh.Ahmad, 2004), the cost of energy has

become a major component of building operating cost. An economic evaluation of
these costs is necessary to give those involved in the design and ownership of a
building some basis for selecting the best investment in buildings or building systems.
A choice can be made among various options of the energy conservation measure
that fetches maximum savings in the form of reduction in the life-cycle costs. For
example, a choice can be made between single-glazed, double-glazed and tinted
windows. The one that minimises the life-cycle costs of providing a given level of
comfort should be chosen (Sabarinah Sh.Ahmad, 2004). The building design will be
depending on the plan of building construction such as the orientation and position of
the building. The better design that affect building performance is mainly caused by
the better orientation. However, there is also other contribution that well known to
improve a perfect building performance such as introduction to development of
building that interpreting with smart and green technologies approaches.
The green building technology is the improvement that achieve by Malaysia due to the
application of this technology on green development. This green technology is helping
the development achieve the maximum of sustainability with prioritise the impact from
the building development. It is a technology with design to eliminate the negative
impact by recreate into a positive impact. This kind of technology give development in
Malaysia some improvement in terms of reduce contamination which will give positive
side effect. Green technology in Malaysia development are fitted with the assessment
that have to carry to enable the development is applied green technology. The
assessment is based on the criteria or components that has been setting up by Green
Building Index (GBI).
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Based on the review by (Algburi et al., 2016), “Green buildings are designed in the
way that minimize the toxic substances’ emission during its life cycle, save resources
and energy and recycle materials, Green buildings are in harmony with traditions, local
climate, surrounding environment and culture, Green buildings are capable of
sustaining and improving the quality of human life while preserving the ecosystem’s
capacity at global and local levels, Green buildings utilize resources efficiently, they
have significant operational savings and lead to workplace productivity enhancement
and Green buildings deliver the accurate message regarding an organization or
company meaning, it is fully run, responsible and obliged to the future”
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2.3 ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Efficiency is a measure of effectiveness on a building without cause any waste that

relate to energy used and directly come out with a better usage of electricity. Through
the efficiency of an energy in a building would achieve the target objective which
support the system of whole building requirements in the sustainability, operational,
cost savings and security. In this context the meaning of efficiency is closely related
with smart technologies such as green approaches which is described as
effectiveness strategies, significance of green technology applied and assessment
criteria will be explained.
As the definition of the green approach, the technology that has been applied have its
own benefits. The significance of this technology brings the impact towards a better
environmental which based on the activities by human. The implication of this green
technology balances the welfare of nature and society. “The significance of green
technology can’t be ignored especially the part pertains to humanity. Besides, going
green is the only option to help humanity come out of the current strict situation.
Therefore, before the things turn for the worst, it is indispensable to realize the
significance of green technology to solve the problems” (Iravani et al., 2017).
This research deliberates the green building come out with the efficiency and
effectiveness in secure the environment. There are a lot of definition on GB which in
instant the terms of Green Building are elaborate as “focus on improving the efficiency
of the use of resources (such as energy, water and materials) while reducing the
impact on human health and the environment throughout its lifecycle. This can be
achieved through better siting, design, construction, operation, maintenance and
removal.” (Buildings, 2013)
In terms of green building definition, there are a lot of different opinion introduced by
a different organization from other countries. However, these definitions only highlight
the same fundamental of a green building. The organizations focusing on four basic
principle of green building in definition which are consists of lifecycle of building,
human health, impact on environment and consideration of economy and social.
Energy efficiency in green building is the component used for design the building that
reduce the usage of energy either cooling or heating the building. It is either the
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systems that applied on the building or the selection of material that could help the
building achieve the component of energy efficiency. This component helps the energy
from building and indirectly save the cost for energy that has been used.
According to (GBI, 2009), in this context of EE, the implementation based on design,
commissioning, verification and maintenance. The area of assessment for design is
on minimum EE performance, lighting zoning, electrical sub-metering and tenant sub-
metering, renewable energy and advance EE performance Next is the area of
assessment for commissioning which on enhanced commissioning of building energy
systems and post occupancy commissioning. Last is area of assessment for
verification and maintenance on EE verification and sustainable maintenance.
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2.4 ENERGY SAVING FOR BUILDING
Energy savings with a right measured gives a lot of the benefit towards the building
owner and building occupant which is contribute to sustainability of building. Basically,
energy savings or saving in usage of electricity will give the advantage in terms of
benefits of economy which is reduce the liability and save cost with the cost effective
design, low life cycle cost, benefit on social which secure the human health and
productivity, better environment which is minimize the development impact on natural
environment and also enhanced the building market.
The perfect energy measure will be implemented by using smart and green technology
approach. Green technology plays an important role in terms of reduction energy used
of building in Malaysia. Furthermore, the implementation of energy efficiency in green
technology is more on the component of economic benefits which provide a cost
saving in terms of its usage and maintenance.
The energy consumption in green building will depends on energy efficiency that
measure based on the weather and surrounding condition of building. If the weather
at that time is hot, the cooling process will be increase and if the weather outside is
raining and cold, the heating process on the building will be increase which in order to
ensure the comfort of occupants inside the building. “The equipment and instruments
for natural air conditioner and ventilation has caused a quite high cost of green building
projects to be implemented” (Zhang et al., 2011).
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CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS OF CASE STUDY

There have 4 case study namely Zulaikha’s House, Sabrina’s House, Farah’s House
and Azwani’s House. Each of these case study carries different result of analysis on
building performance. On this chapter, it will analyses the building performance based
on appliances usage and bill of electricity.
3.1. ZULAIKHA’S HOUSE
3.1.1. Background of Zulaikha’s House
Figure 1: Zulaikha's House

The selected case study based on requirement of this assignment is Mr Alias Bin
Dollah House. The selected of case study is located at Kampung Gual Arang, 17200
Rantau Panjang, Kelantan. The construction of case study being constructed on May
2017. The size is a spacious home for 4-5 members of the family.
The construction of this building were constructed from preparing of the foundation
and laying footers. Then, the rebar was placed in the foundation. The wall is made
from the concrete blocks that built up the partition in the building and finished the wall
with the concrete mixture to get the smooth surface. The wall was painted with yellow
colour for last finishes. The column used to build this building is fabricated round
column. The types of window are aluminium black glass window and the door is solid
wood door from Merpauh sp. of wood species. The type of flooring finishes is used
homogenous tiles and glossy ceramic tiles for the building. The type of roof is pitch
roof, the structure of trusses is made from steel and for roof finishes is used clay tiles.
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This case study, a single storey house has a dimension of 15 × 11 metres representing
building space. The features of this residence has living room, 3 bedrooms, 2 toilets,
kitchen, dining room and porch car.
3.1.2. Location of Zulaikha’s House
This case study is located at Kampung Gual Arang, 17200 Rantau Panjang, Kelantan.
This building is approximately 1 kilometres from Sekolah Kebangsaan Gual Sitok at
Jalan Gual Tinggi. From Masjid Darul Naim, approximately about 3 kilometres from
the case study. Then, this case study is nearby to the Kedai Mie Celup Mok Muda that
approximately about 100 metres.
Figure 2: Key Plan of Zulaikha's House
Figure 3: Location Plan of Zulaikha's House
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3.1.4. Building Performance on Zulaikha’s House.
List of Electrical Appliances
No. Electrical Appliances Quantities
1 Ceiling Fan 3
2 Table Fan 2
3 Fluorescent Light 9
4 Television 1
5 Blender 1
6 Oven 1
7 Water Heater 1
8 Washing Machine 1
9 Iron (clothes) 1
10 Baking Mixer 1
11 Refrigerator 1
12 Power bank Charger 2
13 Laptop Charger 1
14 Phone Charger 3
15 Night Lamp 1
16 Rice Cooker 1
Table 2:Electric Appliances on Zulaikha's House
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Energy Performance of Zulaikha’s House based on List of Electrical

Appliances
Types of Quantities Power Total Time Total Floor Area

Appliances (Watt/KW) Power used Electricity (m2)
(hrs) Used
(kWh) /
(Watt)
Ceiling Fan 1 1 75 75 5 375
Ceiling Fan 2 1 75 75 2 150

Ceiling Fan 3 1 75 75 4 300
Table Fan 1 1 35 35 10 350
Table Fan 2 1 35 35 15 525
Fluorescent 9 36 324 9 2916
Tube Light
Television 1 78 78 8 624
Blender 1 450 450 1 450
Oven 1 850 850 2 1700
Water Heater 1 2200 2200 3 6600
Washing 1 2108 2108 3 6324
Machine
Iron (clothes) 1 1450 1450 1 1450
Baking Mixer 1 100 100 1 100 165m2
Refrigerator 1 294 294 24 7056
Power bank 1 20 20 6 120
Charger 1
Power bank 1 20 20 6 120
Charger 2
Laptop 1 65 65 5 325
Charger
Phone 1 18 20 5 100
Charger 1
Phone 1 20 20 4 80
Charger 2
Phone 1 22 22 5 110
Charger 3
Night Lamp 1 35 35 6 210
Rice Cooker 1 700 700 2 1400 31.385/165
OVERALL TOTAL OF ELECTRICITY USED: 31385 0.190
kWh/m2
Table 3: Calculation of Energy Performance at Zulaikha's House
The table represent the total of energy performance for this case study based on the
electrical appliances. The total of energy performance for this case study is 0.190
kWh/m2 for the area of floor building.
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Data of Electrical Energy Consumption for 6 Months
No. Month Power Consumption (kWh) Amount (RM)
1 December 2019 134 29.21
2 January 2020 134 29.25
3 February 2020 152 33.25
4 March 2020 152 33.15
5 April 2020 152 33.14
6 May 2020 550 119.9
Table 4: Power consumption for 6 months

Analysis of Energy Consumption for 6 months at Zulaikha’s House
Data Power Consumption for 6 month

600
550
500
400
300
200
152 152 152
134 134
119.9
100
29.21 29.25 33.25 33.15 33.14
0
Dec-19 Jan-20 Feb-20 Mar-20 Apr-20 May-20
Power Consumption (kWh) Amount (RM)
Figure 4: Graph of power consumption for 6 months at Zulaikha's House
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The graph above represents of power consumption for 6 months started with
December in 2019 until May in 2020 at case study 1. The result on the analysis of
graph are based on the electricity energy consumed (kWh) and the amount (RM) of
paid every six months.
The result of graph in December 2019, the power of electricity consumed in this case
study is 134 kWh and amount paid to Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) is RM29.21
shows the smallest amount of power electricity consumption for this month. The power
consumption (kWh) in this month is similar with January 2020, the total of kWh for both
months are based on the total electricity tariff that consumed in this house. The result
of 134 kWh for this house because the number of people in this house only 5 person
compared to the actual number of family member which is 7 persons. So, the power
consumption is low other than months.
For February until April 2020, the power consumption is 152 kWh and the average
amount paid of electricity for these months is about RM33. For these 3 months, the
power of electricity consumption is moderate compare to the May and slightly increase
compare to the December and January. The power consumption is slightly decrease
because the owner of this house bought the new electrical appliance such as table fan
that being used for long time during night day.
The result of power consumption in May 2020 is 550 kWh and the amount paid by the
house owner is RM119.90 based on electric tariff by TNB for this month. The power
consumption is increase dramatically compared to the previous months. The high
consumption in this month due to the family members of this house in increase from 5
persons to 7 persons and caused the high consumption in the daily life. For example,
the electrical appliance like phone charger, fan and television that frequently used
every day.
In conclusion, the power consumption in December and January is relatively low as

opposed to February, March and April that slightly increase based on the electric tariff
by TNB. In May, the power of electricity consumption is greatly increased due to the
number of family members is accretion compared to the other months.
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3.2. SABRINA’S HOUSE
3.2.1. Background of Sabrina’s House
Figure 5: Sabrina's House

The figure above shows the selected case study which is Sabrina’s house with the
type of residential building is single storey bungalow house. It is addressed as No. 9
Kampung Bidur, 21700 Kuala Berang, Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu. This building
has been constructed on late 1980 by local contractor. The construction of this case
study is on 303.516 metre of land area.
Then, in the year of 1987, this case study has been carried out the alteration on living
area and kitchen. In the next 22 years, the building owner transacted the case study
between generation of the family. In 2009, the case study has been carried out the
renovation, upgrading, alteration and modernisation which the purpose to change it
towards a better version with advance of facilities in the building. All of these
refurbishments also affect the change features of technologies in this building.
The main floor area of this case study is 186 square metre. This case study consisting
porch, veranda, 1 living area, 1 family area, 1 prayer area, kitchen, 4 bedrooms and 2
bathrooms. Furthermore, this selected case study has been categorised as concrete
residential building as the façade and the entire of construction is made of reinforced
concrete and brickwork. This area is located at front section on this building. It is design
with L-shape which it simple and neat design.
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This case study has been equipped with electricity appliances that is fitted for each
part of the house. The area of living room is fitted with 2 fans, 4 lights, 6 sockets and
a distribution board. In the family area, there are a fan, 2 light and 4 sockets. At the
kitchen, there are a fan 2 lights and 4 sockets. Each toilet equipped with 1 light and 1
socket. Besides, each room equipped with 1 light, 1 fan and 1 socket. The area of
kitchen and toilet is equipped with water appliances. Besides there are a lot of other
electrical appliances that moveable and not fitted in this case study.
Property Address: No. 9 Kampung Bidur, 21700 Kuala Berang, Hulu

Terengganu, Terengganu.
Type of Tenure: Freehold
History of refurbishment: 1987 – Alteration of living area and kitchen.

2009 – Renovation, upgrading, alteration and
modernisation of whole building.
Types of residential: Single Storey Bungalow House.
Facilities provided: Porch, veranda, 1 living area, 1 family area, kitchen, 4

bedrooms and 2 bathrooms.
Main Floor Area (MFA): 186 square metre.
Figure 6: Property Information
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3.2.2. Location of Sabrina’s House
This case study is located at No. 9 Kampung Bidur, 21700 Kuala Berang, Hulu
Terengganu, Terengganu. It is situated near to Sultan Mahmud Power Station of
Kenyir Dam and only 8 Kilometres which 9 minutes’ duration of driving. The duration
of case study to Kuala Berang city is only takes 8 minutes with 7 Kilometres. The
distance between case study and service centre such as Market, schools, hospitals,
offices and food centre is only approximately 7 Kilometres. This case study is located
approximately 40 Kilometres away from Kuala Terengganu City Centre. Furthermore,
it is located only 20 Kilometres from East Coast Expressway.
Figure 7: Location Plan of Sabrina's House

Kuala Berang is a small city which located in the district of Hulu Terengganu. However,
there is a lot of development have been done such as hotels, hypermarkets,
shophouses, government and private offices, schools, medical centre and other
service centre. It is also become a tourist spot due to the historical place such as ‘Batu
Bersurat’ and water recreation park.
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Figure 8: Site plan of Sabrina's House

The surrounding area of this case study is residential and agriculture area. It is also
surrounded with Sungai Terengganu. The case study is located in front road of Gaung-
Tasik Kenyir. Behind of case study is agriculture area which planting of local fruit trees
such as mangosteen, Durian and Duku. This case study is situated in between of two
residential building.
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3.2.3. Building Performance on Sabrina’s House
No. Types of Appliances Quantities

1 Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) 1 1
2 Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) 2 2
3 Fluorescent Tubes Lamps 12
4 Ceiling Fan 1 1
5 Ceiling Fan 2 1
6 Ceiling Fan 3 1
7 Table Fans 3
8 Stand Fans 1
9 Television 1
10 Wi-Fi Modem Router 1
11 Desktop Computer 1
12 Cordless Home Phone 1
13 Washing Machine 1
14 Refrigerator 1
15 Rice Cooker 2
16 Water Heater 1
17 Blender 1
18 Phone Charger 1 1
24 Laptop Charger 1 1
28 Steam Iron 1
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06/22/2020
29 Oven 1
30 Electric Mixer 1
31 Electric BBQ Grill 1
32 Aquarium Gravel Cleaner 1
TOTAL 47
Table 5: List of Electrical Appliance on Sabrina's House
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06/22/2020
Calculation of Energy Performance on Sabrina’s House
Types of Quantities Power Total Time Total Floor

Appliances (Watt/ Power Used Electricity Area
KW) (hrs) Used (m2)
(kWh) /
(Watt)
Compact 1 18 18 4 72 186 m²
Fluorescent
Lamps (CFL)
1
Compact 2 18 36 5 180
Fluorescent
Lamps (CFL)
2
Fluorescent 12 40 480 13 6240
Tubes
Lamps
Ceiling Fan 1 1 65 65 24 1560
Ceiling Fan 2 1 65 65 7 455
Ceiling Fan 3 1 65 65 14 910
Table Fans 3 55 165 18 2970
Stand Fans 1 58 58 7 406
Television 1 130 130 9 1170
Wi-Fi Modem 1 3.6 3.6 24 86.4
Router
Desktop 1 110 110 9 990
Computer
Cordless 1 1.5 1.5 3 4.5
Home Phone
Washing 1 475 475 2 950
Machine
Rice Cooker 2 450 900 2 1800
Water Heater 1 1500 1500 3 3000
Blender 1 240 240 2 480
Phone 1 7 7 2 14
Charger 1
Phone 1 7 7 3 21
Charger 2
Phone 1 7 7 4 28
Charger 3
Phone 1 7 7 6 42
Charger 4
Phone 1 25 25 1 25
Charger 5
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06/22/2020
Phone 1 5 5 5 25
Charger 6
Laptop 1 65 65 12 780
Charger 1
Laptop 1 135 135 8 1080
Charger 2
Laptop 1 65 65 4 260
Charger 3
Laptop 1 65 65 8 520
Charger 4
Steam Iron 1 2400 2400 1 2400
Oven 1 1500 1500 2 3000
Electric 1 160 160 2 320
Mixer
Electric BBQ 1 2000 2000 2 4000
Grill
Aquarium 1 7.2 7.2 24 172.8
Gravel
Cleaner
OVERALL TOTAL OF ELECTRICITY USED 38233.7 0.206
kWh/m²
Table 6: Energy Performance on Sabrina's House
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06/22/2020
Data of Electrical Power Consumption for 6 Months
NO. MONTH POWER ENERGY BILLS PRICE

CONSUMPTION (kWh)
1 December 2019 181 RM40.30
2 January 2020 221 RM51.90
3 February 2020 249 RM61.70
4 March 2020 249 RM62.05
5 April 2020 249 RM51.15
6 May 2020 890 RM227.66
Table 7: Monthly energy consumption for 6 months
Analysis of Energy Consumption for 6 Months on Sabrina’s House
ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND BILLS PRICE

1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
January
Dec-19 Feb-20 Mar-20 Apr-20 May-20
202
1 2 3 4 5 6
POWER ENERGY
181 221 249 249 249 890
CONSUMPTION (kWh)
BILLS PRICE RM40.30 RM51.90 RM61.70 RM62.05 RM51.15 RM227.66
Figure 9: Graph of Energy Consumption on 6 months

Based on the bar graph above, it is showing the rate of energy consumption and the
amount bills for each of six months. The usage of energy in December 2019 and
January 2020 is lowest due to a few factors such as the number of occupants during
that period is only 2 peoples and the rate become decrease.
Furthermore, starting from February 2020 until March 2020 the rate of energy
consumption is constantly maintain 249 kWh. This is happened due to the catastrophic
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disaster that plagued the country which is COVID-19. This caused the government
carried out Movement Control Order (MCO) and it is affected and become limitation in
the process of recording data by staff Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) at house
electrical metre.
Besides, the rate of energy consumption for the latest month which is May 2020 was
recorded 890 kWh with the total of bills price is RM227.66. The factor of this energy
consumption increase drastically is all the family members is occupied at this case
study. Moreover, the usage become increase due to the continuous of power energy
consumption by the occupants as it is still in the period of MCO.
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3.3. FARAH’S HOUSE
3.3.1. Background of Farah’s House
Figure 10: View of Farah's House

It is the heirloom house of Farah’s family. The occupant was being never moved from
the house. There is no information with exactly number of age of this case study due
to their great grandfather also live in this house. From the past 23 years old, there are
refurbishment works have been done such as extension of 3 bedrooms, 1 toilet, and
extension area of kitchen. There is no significant history of the house other than it is
the house from beginning of my existence in the world.
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NO CONTENTS INFORMATIONS
1 Name of Current Hairul Anuar Bin Ramlan
Owner
2 Name Of Current Hairul Anuar Bin Ramlan and family
Property
3 Property Full Address Parit 5, Kampung Sungai Pergam, 36100 Bagan
Datuk, Perak
4 Property Status Leasehold
5 Location and Area The property is far from major route and it is in a
small village near the Bagan Datuk Jetty. It is in Hilir
Perak, Perak.
6 Approximate Age More than 50 years
7 Current Occupiers 7 people
Table 8: Property Information
The surrounding of the case study is on the right and left neighbourhood there is no
houses present due to personal orchard property. The approximate distance the case
study to the nearest house on left and right side is 50m. There is no house also
presents behind the case study and orchard only. In front of the case study, presents
the Surau and a neighbour house. This two building is the nearest building around the
case study.
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06/22/2020
3.3.2. Location of Farah’s House
The location of the house in Google Maps in satellite view have been shown below. In
the map, there is Surau Khairiah Addiniah Parit 5. This surau is the point that searched
in the google maps since the house is only in front of the surau. This is the nearest
and accurate to show the location of the case study. In the second map, there is the
map of the district for the case study’s village.
Figure 11: Key Plan of Farah's House
DISTRICT OF
BAGAN DATUK
Figure 12: Location Plan of Farah's House
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06/22/2020
3.3.3. Building Performance on Farah’s House
NO ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES QUANTITIES

1 Industrial Fan 1
2 Stand Fan 1
3 Table Fan 6
4 NJOI Box 1
5 Television 1
6 Fluorescent Tubes Light 6
7 Standards Incandescent Bulb 5
8 LED Lamp 4
9 Wet Blender 1
10 Dry Blender 1
11 Phone Charger 9
12 Power bank Charger 6
13 Laptop Charger 2
14 Clothes Iron 1
15 Baking Mixer 1
16 Oven 1
17 Refrigerator 1
18 Water Dispenser 1
19 Washing Machine 1
20 Freezer 1
21 Wi-Fi Booster 1
22 Home Internet Router 1
23 Rice Cooker 1
TOTAL 54
Table 9: List of Electrical Appliances
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06/22/2020
Calculation of Energy Performance on Farah’s House
Types of Quantities Power Total Time Total Floor

Appliances (Watt/K Power Used Electricit Area
W) y Used (m2)
(kWh) /
(Watt)
Industrial Fan 1 230 230 14 3220 224.28

Stand Fan 1 130 130 12 1560 m²
Table Fan 1 1 50 50 7 350
Table Fan 2 1 50 50 12 600
Table Fan 3 1 50 50 13 650
Table Fan 4 1 50 50 15 750
Table Fan 5 1 50 50 8 400
Table Fan 6 1 50 50 8 400
NJOI box 1 240 240 15 3600
decoder
Television 1 190 190 15 2850
Tubes Light 1
Tubes Light 2
Standards 5 60 300 8 2400
Incandescent
Bulb
LED Lamp 4 30 120 10 1200
Dry Blender 1 260 260 3 780
Wet Blender 1 210 210 1 210
Phone Charger 1 20 20 4 80
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
June 22, 2020 35

06/22/2020
9
Power bank 1 18 18 7 126
Charger 1
Power bank 1 18 18 8 144
Charger 2
Power bank 1 18 18 10 180
Charger 3
Power bank 1 18 18 9 162
Charger 4
Power bank 1 14 14 12 168
Charger 5
Laptop 1 60 60 16 960
Charger 1
Laptop 1 65 65 7 455
Charger 2
Clothes Iron 1 1200 1200 2 2400
Baking Mixer 1 500 500 1 500
Oven 1 1500 1500 2 3000
Water 1 500 500 24 12000
Dispenser
Washing 1 340 340 4 1360
Machine
Freezer 1 125 125 24 3000
Wi-Fi Booster 1 2 2 24 48
Home Internet 1 15 15 24 360
Router
Rice Cooker 1 950 950 2 1900
OVERALL TOTAL OF ELECTRICITY USED: 53781 0.239k
Wh/m²
Table 10: Calculation of Energy Performance on Farah's House
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06/22/2020
Data of Electrical Consumption for 6 Months
NO MONTH POWER ENERGY BILLS

CONSUMPTION (KWH) PRICE (RM)
1 December 2019 367 113.45
2 January 2020 331 115.30
3 February 2020 364 132.60
4 March 2020 364 132.60
5 April 2020 364 118.60
6 May 2020 1340 226.50
Table 11: Data electrical consumption and bill price
Analysis of Energy Consumption for 6 months on Farah’s House
CONSUMPTION POWER ENERGY AND

MONTHLY BILLS PRICE FOR 6 MONTHS.
1500
1400 1340
1300
1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600
500
367 331 364 364 364
400
300 226.5
200 113.45 115.3 132.6 132.6 118.6
100
0
Dec-19 Jan-20 Feb-20 Mar-20 Apr-20 May-20
Power Energy Consumption (kWh) Bills Price (RM)
Figure 13: Graph of Consumption Power Energy and Monthly Bills Price
The bar graph above showing that the pattern of the bar for power energy consumption
is nearly same level but rapidly increase in last month which is the highest 1340 kWh
in the month of May 2020. For monthly bills price the pattern is quite the same following
the pattern of the bar of power energy consumption at the end with the highest price
RM226.50 in the month of May 2020 too.
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06/22/2020
The data in the first two months is the months before COVID-19 outbreak. During this
month, there are only 4 occupants in the case study. There are several electrical
appliances are not used. There is also no television use in that two months resulting
the lowest bills price RM113.45 with 367kWh power energy consumption in the month
of December 2019. The second month also showing bills price RM115.3 with power
energy consumption of 331kWh in the month of the New Year, January 2020.
The bar graph also showing the static value of power energy consumption which is
364kWh in the month of February 2020, March 2020 and April 2020. The bills price
also same in two months with RM132.60 in the month of February 2020 and March
2020. Slightly different that in April 2020, the bills price is decrease to RM118.60.
February is the month of starting COVID-19 outbreak. Therefore, the three bills are in
average price also the power consumption energy due 2020 Malaysia Movement
Control Order (MCO) that are starting from 18 March 2020 to 9 June 2020. This is
because, during the critical time, the electric bills are taking an initiative to help the
people by paying bills online and having discount percent.
May 2020 contain the highest bills price and the highest power energy consumption is
because the case study contained the full family which is 7 occupants. All the electric
appliances in the house are used more than normal hours since people are received
strict order to stay at home. Example are occupants tend to use phone mostly time
making the using of phone charger are frequently and fans that every occupant have
one respectively also the televisions used until late night due to no schools and works
need to attend. All these actions will be making the bills price and the value of energy
power consumption increase.
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06/22/2020
3.4. AZWANI’S HOUSE
3.4.1. Background of Azwani’s House
Figure 14: View of Azwani' House

The building selected for case study is a single storey house located in Sekinchan,
Selangor. The owner of this building is Mr. Ahmad Bin Nasir and Mrs. Siti Hatmah Binti
Buhiran. It was built on November 2010 and was completed around April 2011 with
the area is 260 m2. The house is equipped with a car porch connected to an outdoor
kitchen, 5 bedrooms, 5 bathrooms, living room, 2 dining areas, dry kitchen and gazebo.
The car porch was first built in 2012, a year after the house was completed. The
contractor involved in building the house was Mr. Tugiman Bin Marsan and assisted
by Mr. Ahmad Bin Nasir. Originally, the house was an oil palm plantation before carried
out process of site clearing and excavation for pile foundation type building. The cost
involved is RM 200,000 including a gazebo made in December 2016
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3.4.2. Location of Azwani’s House
Located at Jalan Rizab Abu Hassan, Tali Air 6, Sekinchan, Selangor. This house is
chosen for case study to fulfil the requirement for the project. The house is nearby to
Pekan Sekinchan which about 3km from the house. In front of the house, there have
a restaurant and at the rear it is surround with neighbour house. The site plan and
location plan as below:
Figure 15: Key Plan of Sekinchan.
Figure 16: Location Plan of Azwani House.
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06/22/2020
Figure 17: Site Plan of Azwani House.
Property Address: PT 4172, Jalan Besar, Tali Air 6,

45400, Sekinchan, Selangor.
Type of Tenure: Leasehold
Types of residential: Single Storey House
Facilities provided: - A porch with outdoor kitchen and bathroom

- Gazebo
- Dry kitchen
- 2 Dining Area
- 5 bedroom and 5 bathroom
- A living room
Main Floor Area (MFA): 260 square metre.
Table 12: Property Information
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06/22/2020
3.4.4. Building Performance on Azwani’s House
List of Electrical Appliance
NO ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE QUANTITIES

1 LED 34
2 Florescence lamp 2
3 Washing Machine 1
4 Washing Machine 1
5 Ceiling Fan 1 3
6 Ceiling Fan 2 1
7 Ceiling Fan 3 2
8 Ceiling Fan 4 1
9 Ceiling Fan 5 2
10 Oven 1
11 Television 1
12 Speaker 1
13 Cuckoo 1
14 Air conditioner 1 1
19 Iron 1
20 Fridge 1
21 Freezer 1
22 Rice Cooker 1
23 Blender 1
24 Radio 1
25 Astro Box 1
26 Massage Chair 1
27 Printer 1
28 Laptop charger 1
29 Laptop charger 1
30 Phone charger 5
31 Phone Charger 1
TOTAL 75
Table 13: List of Electrical Appliances on Azwani's House
Based on the table of electrical appliances, it can be seen that LED lamp has the
higher total on number of appliance which are 34 nos. The total quantities are 75 with
31 type of appliance. Even though, the LED lamp is the highest but the lamp is not the
most contributor of electrical usage and has low wattage as it has energy saving. In
this case study, there have 5 types of air conditioner which each of them carry different
wattage and horse power.
June 22, 2020 42

06/22/2020
Calculation of Energy Performance on Azwani’s House
Types of Quantities Power Total Time Total Gross

Appliances (Watt/ Power Use Electricity Floor
KW) (hrs) Used Area
(kWh)/ Building
(Watt) (m2)
LED 34 18 612 7 4284 260 m2
Florescence 2 20 40 15 600
lamp
Washing 1 479 479 2 958
Machine
Washing 1 445 445 1 445
Machine
Ceiling Fan 1 3 75 225 12 2700
Ceiling Fan 2 1 85 85 2 170
Ceiling Fan 3 2 70 140 9 1260
Ceiling Fan 4 1 68 68 14 952
Ceiling Fan 5 2 67.5 135 14 1890
Oven 1 1800 1800 2 3600
Television 1 120 120 8 960
Speaker 1 60 60 8 480
Cuckoo 1 250 250 24 6000
Air conditioner 1 1 2638 2638 9 23742
Air conditioner 2 2 795 1590 9 14310
Air conditioner 3 1 850 850 7 5950
Air conditioner 4 2 1895 3790 3 11370
Air conditioner 5 1 820 820 9 7380
Iron 1 1000 1000 1 1000
Fridge 1 214 214 24 5136
Freezer 1 120 120 24 2880
Rice Cooker 1 950 950 2 1900
Blender 1 260 260 1 260
Radio 1 90 90 2 180
Astro Box 1 180 180 8 1440
Massage Chair 1 250 250 3 750
Printer 1 120 120 3 360
Laptop charger 1 33 33 5 165
Laptop charger 1 45.3 45.3 17 770.1
Phone charger 5 10 50 5 250
Phone charger 1 7.5 7.5 5 37.5
TOTAL 102.18 260m2
kWh
Overall Electricity Used (kWh/m2) 0.39 kWh/m2
Table 14: Calculation of energy performance
June 22, 2020 43

06/22/2020
Data of Electrical Consumption for 6 months
NO. MONTH POWER ENERGY AMOUNT (RM)

CONSUMPTION (KWH)
1 December 875 381.95
2 January 1009 478.73
3 February 1009 478.75
4 March 1009 478.75
5 April 1009 478.75
6 May 3859 968.07
Table 15: Data of electrical consumption for 6 months
Analysis of Energy Consumption for 6 Months on Azwani’s House
Figure 18: Graph on consumption power energy and bills price

Based on the graph result, it is show that the highest on energy consumption is during
May with 3859 kWh and RM 968.07. While, the least is at December 2019 with 875
kWh and RM 381.95. There have constant amount and usage on January, February,
March and April where the power consumption is 1009 kWh. The trend is seems
increasing because of the occupant only stay at home during Movement Control Order
Covid-19 from March until May.
The most higher amount is on May, 3859 kWh usage of electricity where this amount
is increasing due to the Restricted Movement Control Order (RMCO) and during Eid
June 22, 2020 44

06/22/2020
Mubarak. On December 2019, the energy consumption is 875kWh and it is the least
amount among other months. This is because the occupant in the house is only 5
people and not usually at home. So, the usage of electricity is minimum and does not
require much appliances. Existing pandemic Covid-19 has make all the occupant stay
at home and the government has established the Pakej Ransangan Ekonomi Prihatin
Rakyat (PRIHATIN The pro-rated method used by Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB)
has divide the constant amount of electric consumption exceed the 30 days on every
line. The most higher contribution of electricity usage is air conditioner, fridge and
freezer because of frequently usage in a day.
There have constant amount from January to April where the energy consumption is
1009 kWh. On January and February, the usage is increase due to the hot weather
and frequently use air conditioner and the number of occupant is 8 as 2 siblings always
going back to hometown and use another room. During MCO, Tenaga Nasional
Berhad (TNB) has stopped reading meter on house so that they used the average
usage of electricity based on previous months’ bills. It is mean that the received bill on
April will cover the rate of electricity use for March and April and it was calculated as
pro-rated. The bill has appeared to the phone application so that the occupant can pay
during MCO.
June 22, 2020 45

06/22/2020
CHAPTER 4: COMPARISON BY CASE STUDY

4.1. ANALYSIS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION
NO CASE STUDY TOTAL FLOOR AREA ENERGY

ELECTRICITY (m²) PERFORMANCE
USED (kWh) (kWh/m²)
1 Zulaikha’s House 31.385 165.00 0.190
2 Sabrina’s House 38.234 186.00 0.206
3 Farah’s House 53.781 224.28 0.240
4 Azwani ‘s House 102.18 260.00 0.393
Table 16: Analysis on energy consumption by 4 case study
TOTAL ENERGY PERFORMANCE

ON CASE STUDY (kWh/m²)
0.45
0.4
Azwani's House ,
0.35 0.393
0.3
0.25
Farah's House,
0.2 0.24
Sabrina's House ,
Zulaikha's House , 0.206
0.15 0.19
0.1
0.05
0
Zulaikha's House Sabrina's House Farah's House Azwani's House
energy performance (kWh/m2)
Figure 19: Graph of total energy performance on 4 case study
June 22, 2020 46

06/22/2020
The graph above shows the comparison of energy performance in four case study that
are selected in this report. The energy performance value is get by a simple formulae
calculation. The formulae and the equation of calculation is shown below.
The Equation:
Energy Performance (kWh/m²) = Total Electricity Used (kWh/m²) / Floor area (m²)
In the equation above, the factors that contribute to the readings of energy
performance value is total electricity used or as known as total power energy
consumption and the gross or actual floor area in meter square. The total electricity
used can be gained by the sum of power watt by each of electrical appliances and the
approximate time used in the case study.
The pattern of the bar graph is increasing starting from the lowest of value energy
performance which is Zulaikha’s house (0.190kWh/m²) to the highest of value energy
Azwani’s house (0,393kWh/m²). The second tallest is Farah’s house with the reading
of the total energy performance is 0.240kWh/m² followed by Sabrina’s house with the
readings 0.206 kWh/m².
From the graph, Azwani’s house is the highest because it’s have the biggest size area
of house with 260m² and contain the highest total electricity used which is 102.18kWh.
Same situation and result happen as the lowest bar graph contains the low total
electricity used and having smallest floor area than others which is Zulaikha’s house.
These shown that the two factors are important and become a variable for the value
of energy performance for each house in this case study of report.
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06/22/2020
4.2. ANALYSIS ON ELECTRIC APLLIANCE ON 4 CASE STUDY
No. Case study Total of Electrical Appliances
1 Zulaikha's house 30
2 Sabrina's house 47
3 Farah's house 54
4 Azwani's house 75
Table 17: Total of electrical appliances by house
Total Of Electrical Appliances

By House
80
70 75
60
50 54
40 47
30
30
20
10
0
ZULAIKHA'S HOUSE SABRINA'S HOUSE FARAH'S HOUSE AZWANI'S HOUSE
Total of Electrical Appliances
Figure 20: Graph of total electrical appliances by house
June 22, 2020 48

06/22/2020
The graph above shows the total of electrical appliances by 4 case study for this
assignment. The total electrical appliances are the factor of the energy consumption
for these case study.
Based on this graph the highest electrical appliances are Azwani’s house which is 75
total of appliances were used for the house compared to the other case study. For
Farah’s house, the total electrical appliances are 54 which is slightly fell from the
Azwani’s house. Then, the total of electrical appliances of Sabrina’s house is 47. The
total electrical appliances in Zulaikha’s house is 30 which the lowest total as opposed
to the other houses.
It can be seen that the number of electrical appliances for these houses are increase
that affect the energy consumption for 4 case study. The usage of electrical appliances
and time used are affected the power consumption for every case study. From the
result of all case study, the lamp such as fluorescent tube light and LED light were
consumed every day. It similar to the charger phone and fan like table fan and ceiling
fan also air conditioner were consumed all day that affected the power electrical
consumption. The refrigerator, the time usage is 24 hours in daily life. These electrical
appliances are used for many hours in a day that affect electrical consumption for the
case study. For other appliances such as oven, baking mixer, and blender are rarely
used by the consumer like once or two times for a week.
As the conclusion, the energy consumption on case study of Zulaikha, Sabrina, Farah
and Azwani were affected by the total of electrical appliances. It also affected by the
time usage of electrical appliances by consumer which based on their behaviour like
the activities that done at home.
June 22, 2020 49

06/22/2020
4.3. ANALYSIS ON TOTAL OF ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION (kWh) IN 4

CASE STUDY
No. Case study Total of Electric Consumption

(kWh)
1 Zulaikha's house 31385
2 Sabrina's house 38233.7
3 Farah's house 53781
4 Azwani's house 102180
Table 18: Total Electrical Consumption by house
Total Of Electric Consumption (Kwh) By House

Total of Electric Consumption (kWh)
102180
53781
38233.7
31385
Zulaikha's house Sabrina's house Farah's house Azwani's house

Figure 21: Graph of total electrical consumption by house
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06/22/2020
Based on the graph above shows the total of electrical consumption (kWh) by 4 case
study for this assignment. The result of the total energy consumption for these case
study is based on the electrical appliances and duration of usage in daily life.
The data of total electrical consumption on Azwani’s house is the highest energy were
consumed which is 102180 kWh as opposed to the other case study. The second
higher of electrical consumption after Azwani’s house is Farah’s house which is 53781
kWh from the energy consumed for her house. For the next result from the graph is
Sabrina’s house that consumed for 38233.7 kWh of electrical energy was slightly low
from the Farah’s house and slightly high from the Zulaikha’s house. The total of
electrical energy for Zulaikha’s house is 31385 kWh was the lowest total of energy
consumed compare to the other houses.
The factors affected for total electrical consumption for 4 case study are based on the
wattage of electrical appliances. The higher wattage of electrical appliances such as
air conditioner, water heater, steam iron, oven so on and so forth that were consumed
in the case study. The lower wattage of electrical appliances is phone charger, Wi-Fi
modem router, LED lamp that can affect the electricity tariff calculation by Tenaga
Nasional Berhad (TNB) the supplier of electricity. The time usage of electricity also
affects the energy consumption for every case study. The example of the long-time
usage of electricity appliances such as refrigerator, lighting, fan, charger of phone and
power bank, air conditioner so on and so forth.
The other factor that affected the energy consumption for every house is the number
of family members. Then, due to the COVID-19 occurrence that affected the energy
consumption because all people are stayed at home due to movement control order
(MCO) and it will extremely increase the electrical consumption in every case study.
Based on the analysis, it can conclude that every case study has differences result of
electrical consumption because of several factors such as wattage of electrical
appliances of every house, the number of family members, the activities during the
MCO, and the duration time of used electrical appliances. These factor also affected
the electricity tariff that charged by our country electrical main supplier, Tenaga
Nasional Berhad (TNB)
June 22, 2020 51

06/22/2020
4.4. ANALYSIS BY MONTHLY ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND BILLS PRICE

IN 6 MONTHS
NO MONTH/ DEC ‘19 JAN ‘20 FEB ‘20 MAR ‘20 APR ‘20 MAY ‘20
CASE STUDY
Power Energy kWh RM kWh RM kWh RM kWh RM kWh RM kWh RM

Consumption/
Bills Price
Monthly
1 ZULAIKHA’S 134 29.21 134 29.25 152 33.25 152 33.15 152 33.14 550 119.90
HOUSE
2 SABRINA’S 181 40.30 221 51.90 249 61.70 249 62.05 249 51.15 890 227.66
HOUSE
3 FARAH’S 367 113.45 331 115.30 364 132.60 364 132.60 364 118.60 1340 226.50
HOUSE
4 AZWANI’S 875 381.95 1009 478.73 1009 478.73 1009 478.73 1009 478.73 3859 968.07
HOUSE
Table 19: Monthly energy consumption and bills price in 6 months on 4 case study
MONTHLY ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND

BILLS PRICE IN 6 MONTHS IN 4 CASE
STUDY
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500 1 ZULAIKHA'S HOUSE
2000 2 SABRINA'S HOUSE
1500
3 FARAH'S HOUSE
1000
4 AZWANI'S HOUSE
500
0
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
kWh
RM
RM
RM
RM
RM
JAN ‘20 FEB ‘20 MAR ‘20 APR ‘20 MAY ‘20
Figure 22: Graph on monthly energy consumption and bills price in 6 months in 4
case study
June 22, 2020 52

06/22/2020
The bar graph above shows the comparison by monthly energy consumption and bills
price in 6 months on 4 case study. The more obvious bar that different than others in
the graph is in the recent month which is May 2020. In May 2020, Zulaikha’s house
have the lowest price with RM119.90 and 550kWh while Azwani hold the highest price
which is RM968.07 with consume 3859kWh. Others are Sabrina’s house and Farah’s
house that contain 890kWh and 1340kWh respectively. There is slightly different but
on the same range for the bills price which is RM227.66 and RM226.50 respectively.
All the difference in May 2020 are affected by many factors such as for case study of
Zulaikha‘s house, it is the lowest due to less people or occupants living in the case
study. For Azwani’s house, the electrical appliances such as air conditioner are on
most of the time making the power of electrical used increase than usually. For the
bills price of Sabrina’s house is more than Farah’s house is because of the consumed
power (watt) in the list of electrical appliances on Sabrina's house is more. As an
addition, the bills price in the month of May 2020 is highest than the rest of the months
for all the case study due to COVID-19 outbreak and 2020 Malaysia Movement
Restriction Order (MCO). All family members are living in the house for the whole
months consumed these much energy consumption in a month.
In the first two months which is Dec 2019 and Jan 2020, the bills price and the power
energy consumption are the lowest because this month are before unfortunate
COVID-19 outbreak. The energy power consumption and the bills price are low due to
occupants of the house are in their norm such as busy going to works and going to
schools at the day and only at home during night to have a rest. These consumed less
power energy consumption for each house or case study.
The next three months which is Feb 2020. Mar 2020 and Apr 2020 is the three months
of MCO. During these months, all bills payment is hold up and the graph showing the
average used for the power energy consumption and the bills price. There are also the
helps from government by cutting price for houses under specific conditions. So there
is no exact and actual value for these three months on power energy consumption and
the bills prices.
June 22, 2020 53

06/22/2020
4.5. SUGGESTION ON CASE STUDY
Electricity consumption at home are based on the consumers behaviours in daily life.
Then, the other factor of high power consumption also the activities that done during
the movement control order due to the occurrence of COVID-19.
In saving energy consumption in 4 case study, the smart technologies should be

implemented in the house. A smart-home is a home equipped with connected devices,
appliances and sensors that can communicate and be remotely controlled. Such
functions give consumers the flexibility to track energy usage and to make adjustments
to the lifestyle to save energy. In addition, a smart home offers not only benefits from
efficient energy management but also benefits such as enhanced lifestyle, security
and health. Smart metering, appliances and home automation devices are some of
the many technologies that can be used to change the case study patterns of electricity
consumption.
Figure 23: Smart Meter Technology

The advantages of smart metering are consumers can be informed on the electricity
prices and related carbon emission data remotely (based on data) or locally (real-time
data). Then, allowing the consumer to lower prices by rising energy usage at cheaper
tariff periods off-peak and allowing automatic monitoring of the electrical appliances.
June 22, 2020 54

06/22/2020
Furthermore, the wattage of electrical product is a factor of energy consumption in the

case study. The consumers of case study should buy the electrical appliances based
on the wattage product and aware about the wattage of product to save energy. The
wattage of most appliances is usually printed either on the appliance’s bottom or back,
or on its nameplate. Most appliances have a number of settings, so the actual amount
of power an appliance can use depends on the setting being used.
Figure 24: Example of wattage label on electrical product

In order to reduce energy consumption, use the electrical products that have the
energy saving label such as energy efficiency label by Suruhanjaya Tenaga.
Figure 25: Energy efficiency label

In 2006, the energy-efficiency label was introduced. The energy-efficiency label
provides consumers with information about an electrical appliance's energy
consumption. Energy rating label shows the estimated energy consumption of each
electrical equipment based on a rating system for energy efficiency. The star rating
system has a minimum of 1 star and a maximum of 5 stars, where the least efficient
is the 1-star label and the most efficient is the 5 stars. The benefits of used this label
are better savings in the long run and Reduce carbon footprint from electricity
generation.
June 22, 2020 55

06/22/2020
The next suggestion to reduce energy consumption for 4 case study is the consumers
must change the behaviours and habits when using the electrical appliances. To
reduce electricity consumption, switch off the electrical appliances when not in use.
For example, lights, air conditioners and fans need not be left working when not in the
room. Unplug the idle electronic devices such as televisions, computer, microwaves,
scanners, and printers, even when off, use standby power. Some chargers continue
to pull small amounts of energy, even when plugged in.
Figure 26: Energy saving by switch off electrical appliances

All the alternatives and suggestions above can make the life consumers of case study
is better. It also provides flexibility for consumers to control energy use and to make
improvements with more efficient electrical appliances to save energy.
June 22, 2020 56

06/22/2020
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

In this report, it has discussed the energy consumption for building performance and
suggest best way to overcome the issue arise at every case study house. There have
4 case study namely Zulaikha’s House, Sabrina’s House, Farah’s House and Azwani’s
House. Every house has different total building performance according to their floor
area of house and energy consumption on every home appliance. On analysis of
overall case study, it can be concluding that Azwani’s House is the higher energy
consumption and bill price every month due to the large floor area and the high use of
electricity. This clearly indicates that the size of the house affects the rate of electricity
consumption in the home as there are many appliances that require high electricity.
Movement Control Order (MCO) due to the pandemic Covid-19 has make all the bills
payment hold up and gives a constant amount from March and April. So that, there is
no exact amount on that months and on May all the electricity bills are arise due to the
Restricted Movement Control Order (RMCO) and all the occupant stay at home all the
time to follow the government order. In addition, the Eid Mubarak contribute to the
energy consumption because they use oven to make biscuit and cakes for celebrate
Eid Mubarak.
As for recommendation, the government need to used smart meter for monitor the
usage of energy consumption. This is due to the issue of arise on electricity bills during
outbreak of Covid-19 because TNB does not come to the house to check the exact
amount of electric consumption and they give the average amount on phone
application. With smart meter, they can monitor the meter and rate of consumption
from the system so that the occupant only pays for the exact amount of the months.
Moreover, the house need to use appliances that more economical and safe more
energy efficiency. With the current smart technology, it is really recommending to start
use the smart technology in the house especially on appliances that require more
energy consumption at a time such as air conditioner, fridge and iron.
June 22, 2020 57

06/22/2020
CHAPTER 6: REFERENCE
1. Algburi, S. M., Faieza, A. A., & Baharudin, B. T. H. T. (2016). Review of green
building index in Malaysia; existing work and challenges. International Journal
of Applied Engineering Research, 11(5), 3160–3167.
2. Buildings, G. (2013). The Green Building Index : Malaysia ’ s International
Green Benchmark GBI Organisation. GBI Explanatory Booklet.
https://www.greenbuildingindex.org/Files/Resources/GBI Documents/GBI
Explanatory Brochure 2016 Final.pdf
3. GBI. (2009). GBI Assessment Criteria Contents. GBI ASSESSMENT
CRITERIA for NON-RESIDENTIAL NEW CONSTRUCTION (NRNC), April, 0–
17.
4. Hassan, J. S., Zin, R. M., Majid, M. Z. A., Balubaid, S., & Hainin, M. R. (2014).
Building energy consumption in Malaysia: An overview. Jurnal Teknologi, 70(7),
33–38. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v70.3574
5. Iravani, A., akbari, M. H., & Zohoori, M. (2017). Advantages and Disadvantages
of Green Technology; Goals, Challenges and Strengths. International Journal
of Science and Engineering Applications, 6(9), 272–284.
https://doi.org/10.7753/ijsea0609.1005
6. Poel, B., van Cruchten, G., & Balaras, C. A. (2007). Energy performance
assessment of existing dwellings. Energy and Buildings, 39(4), 393–403.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.08.008
7. Sabarinah Sh.Ahmad. (2004). A study on thermal comfort and energy
performance of urban multistorey residential buildings in Malaysia,.
2018(September), 75.
8. Zhang, X., Shen, L., & Wu, Y. (2011). Green strategy for gaining competitive
advantage in housing development: A China study. Journal of Cleaner
Production, 19(2–3), 157–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.08.005
9. ELBA. (2017). SMALL HOME APPLIANCES: KETTLE . Retrieved from

FIAMMA SDN.BHD: http://www.elba.com.my/product-category/small-home-
appliances/beverage-makers/kettle/jug-kettle/
June 22, 2020 58

06/22/2020
10. Electrical, J. (2016-2020). PHILIPS EB-S118 TLD 220-240V ELECTRONIC

BALLAST. Retrieved from
https://www.jllelectrical.com.my/index.php?ws=showproducts&products_id=29
61709&cat=PHILIPS-LIGHTING&subcat=ELECTRONIC-
BALLAST#openproducts
11. Globe, C. (2017). Electricity Tariffs. Retrieved from

https://circuitglobe.com/electricity-tariffs.html
12. KHIND. (2020). General Fan. Retrieved from Web Design Malaysia:
http://www.khind.com.my/product_details.asp?cat1ID=16&cat2ID=30&cat3ID=
25&id=491
13. Malaysia, P. (2020). REGULATOR 3 BLADES CEILING FAN F-M15BW (60").

Retrieved from https://www.panasonic.com/my/consumer/air-solutions/ceiling-
fan/f-m15bw.specs.html
14. Panasonic. (2019). Panasonic MX-GM1011 Blender with Dry Mill attachement
220 to 240 volts 50 hz. Retrieved from Electronics.com (International Video &
Electronics): https://www.220-electronics.com/panasonic-mx-gm1011-
220volts-blender.html
15. TNB. (2020). Welcome to MyTNB Portal! Retrieved from

https://www.mytnb.com.my/
June 22, 2020 59

CHAPTER 7: APPENDICES
Table 20: Calculation of Building Performance on Zulaikha's House
06/22/2020
Table 21: Calculation of Building Performance on Sabrina's House
June 22, 2020 61

06/22/2020
Table 22: Calculation of Building Performance on Farah's House
June 22, 2020 62

06/22/2020
Table 23: Calculation of Building Performance on Azwani's House
June 22, 2020 63

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NAME:

NURAZWANI BINTI AHMAD (2018227374)

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 6

1.1. Aims and Objectives .......................................................................................... 6

1.2. Limitation ............................................................................................................ 7

1.3. Scope of study ................................................................................................... 7

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................... 8

2.1. ENERGY PERFORMANCE ............................................................................... 8

2.2. BUILDING DESIGN AFFECT BUILDING PERFORMANCE ........................... 10

2.3 ENERGY EFFICIENCY .................................................................................... 12

2.4 ENERGY SAVING FOR BUILDING ................................................................. 14

CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS OF CASE STUDY ............................................................. 15

3.1. ZULAIKHA’S HOUSE ...................................................................................... 15

3.1.1. Background of Zulaikha’s House ............................................................... 15

3.1.2. Location of Zulaikha’s House .................................................................... 16

3.1.4. Building Performance on Zulaikha’s House. ............................................. 17

3.2. SABRINA’S HOUSE ........................................................................................ 21

3.2.1. Background of Sabrina’s House ................................................................ 21

3.2.2. Location of Sabrina’s House...................................................................... 23

3.2.3. Building Performance on Sabrina’s House................................................ 25

3.3. FARAH’S HOUSE ............................................................................................ 31

3.3.1. Background of Farah’s House ................................................................... 31

3.3.2. Location of Farah’s House......................................................................... 33

3.3.3. Building Performance on Farah’s House................................................... 34

3.4. AZWANI’S HOUSE .......................................................................................... 39

June 22, 2020 1

3.4.1. Background of Azwani’s House ................................................................. 39

3.4.2. Location of Azwani’s House ...................................................................... 40

3.4.4. Building Performance on Azwani’s House ................................................ 42

CHAPTER 4: COMPARISON BY CASE STUDY ...................................................... 46

4.1. ANALYSIS ON ENERGY CONSUMPTION..................................................... 46

4.2. ANALYSIS ON ELECTRIC APLLIANCE ON 4 CASE STUDY ....................... 48

4.3. ANALYSIS ON TOTAL OF ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION (kWh) IN 4 CASE

4.4. ANALYSIS BY MONTHLY ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND BILLS PRICE IN 6

4.5. SUGGESTION ON CASE STUDY .................................................................. 54

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ........................................ 57

CHAPTER 6: REFERENCE ....................................................................................... 58

CHAPTER 7: APPENDICES ...................................................................................... 60

June 22, 2020 2

June 22, 2020 3

June 22, 2020 4

June 22, 2020 5

1.1. Aims and Objectives

1. To understand the reason of energy consumption, use on residential building.

June 22, 2020 6

1.3. Scope of study

June 22, 2020 7

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

The “energy performance certificate’’ is a document that indicates ‘the energy

The energy performance is mainly affected by increase of population and demand of

June 22, 2020 8

Usage Equipment and Remarks

Cooling Air Conditioner and other mechanical ventilation

Lighting Artificial Lighting

Others Other electrical appliances such as rice cooker,

Table 1: The most usage of electrical appliances in residential building.

June 22, 2020 9

2.2. BUILDING DESIGN AFFECT BUILDING PERFORMANCE

According to research by (Sabarinah Sh.Ahmad, 2004), the cost of energy has

June 22, 2020 10

June 22, 2020 11

2.3 ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Efficiency is a measure of effectiveness on a building without cause any waste that