Name of

Medications
Classifications Pharmacodynamics Indications Contraindications Adverse Effects Drug to drug interactions Nursing
Generic Considerations
or
(Brand Name)
Mode of Action

1. Nalbuphine Pharmacologic Analgesia is It is used for: Contraindicated in  headache Barbiturate anesthetics, • Drug is incompatible
Hydro- classification: believed to result patients  sedation such as thiopental: Causes with diazepam and
chloride narcotic from action of drug  Moderate to hypersensitive to  dizziness additive CNS and pentobarbital.
agonist- at opiate receptor severe pain drug. Use  vertigo respiratory depressant
(Nubain) antagonist, sites in the CNS,  Supplement cautiously in  dry mouth effects and, possibly, apnea. • Nalbuphine may
opioid partial relieving moderate to anesthesia patients with  nausea Cimetidine: May increase obscure the signs and
agonist to severe pain. The history of drug  vomiting narcotic nalbuphine symptoms of an acute
narcotic antagonist abuse, emotional toxicity. A narcotic abdominal condition or
Therapeutic effect may result instability, head antagonist may be needed if worsen gallbladder
classification: from competitive injury, increased toxicity occurs. pain.
analgesic, inhibition at opiate intracranial
adjunct to CNS depressants: • Drug may cause
receptors. Like other pressure, impaired orthostatic hypotension
anesthesia opioids, nalbuphine ventilation, MI Potentiates respiratory and
CNS depression, sedation, in ambulatory patients.
causes respiratory accompanied by
depression, sedation, nausea and and hypotensive effects. • Before
and miosis. In vomiting, Reduced doses of administration, inspect
patients with upcoming biliary nalbuphine are usually all parenteral products
coronary artery surgery, hepatic or needed. to rule out particulates
disease or MI, it renal disease, and General anesthetics: May and discoloration.
appears to produce in patients with a cause severe CV • Drug causes
no substantial sulfite sensitivity. depression. Avoid use respiratory depression,
changes in heart together. which at 10 mg is
rate, pulmonary
 artery or wedge Narcotic antagonist:
pressure, left Patients who become
ventricular end- physically dependent on
diastolic pressure, drug may experience acute
pulmonary vascular withdrawal syndrome if
resistance, or cardiac given high doses of a
index. narcotic antagonist. Use
cautiously, and monitor
patient closely.
equal to the respiratory
depression produced by
10 mg of morphine.
• When drug is used
during labor and
delivery, neonate must
be assessed for signs of
respiratory depression.

2. Bisacodyl Pharmacologic Bisacodyl has a It is used for: Contraindicated in  nausea Antacids, drugs that • To avoid GI irritation,
classification: direct stimulant patients  vomiting increase gastric pH levels: patient should swallow
(Correctol, diphenylme- effect on the colon,  Constipation, hypersensitive to  abdominal May cause premature tablets whole rather
Dulcolax, thane derivative increasing peristalsis preparation drug; in patients cramps dissolution of the enteric than crushing or
Fleet Laxative, and enhancing for with abdominal  burning coating, resulting in chewing them.
Modane) Therapeutic bowel evacuation. childbirth, pain, nausea, sensation in intestinal or gastric
classification: surgery, or vomiting, or other rectum (with irritation or cramping. • Administer tablets
stimulant rectal or symptoms of suppositories) Avoid use together. with 8 oz (240 ml) of
laxative bowel appendicitis or  diarrhea (with fluid (but not milk).
examination acute surgical high doses) • Monitor patient for
abdomen; and in diarrhea, electrolyte
patients with rectal abnormalities
bleeding, (hypokalemia), and
gastroenteritis, or dehydration (with long-
intestinal term use); drug is
obstruction. meant for short-term
therapy.

3. Oxytocin Pharmacologic Oxytocin increases It is used for: Contraindicated in Maternal Cyclopropane anesthesia: • Drug must be given
 classification: the sodium  Induction of patients May modify CV effects of by I.V. infusion, not
exogenous permeability of labor hypersensitive to  Hypertension; oxytocin. Use together I.V. bolus injection.
(Pitocin, increased heart
hormone uterine myofibrils,  Augmentatio drug and in those cautiously. Use an infusion device.
Syntocinon) rate
indirectly n of labor with severe
Therapeutic stimulating the toxemia, hypertonic  Increased in Sympathomimetics: May • During long
 Reduction of
classification: contraction of uterine patterns, systemic increase pressor effects, infusions, watch for
postpartum
oxytocic, uterine smooth total placenta venous return, possibly resulting in signs of water
bleeding after
lactation muscle. The previa, and and cardiac postpartum hypertension. intoxication.
expulsion of
stimulant threshold for vasoprevia. Also output; Avoid use together.
placenta • Record uterine
response is lowered  To induce contraindicated arrhythmias. Thiopental anesthesia: contractions, heart rate,
when estrogen levels abortion when cephalopelvic  nausea Delays induction of blood pressure,
are high. Uterine  Oxytocin disproportion is  vomiting anesthesia. Use together intrauterine pressure,
response increases challenge test present; when Fetal cautiously. fetal heart rate, and
with the length of to assess fetal delivery requires  Bradycardia character of blood loss
the pregnancy and distress in conversion, as in  Arrhythmias every 15 minutes.
increases further high-risk transverse lie; in  Jaundice
during active labor. fetal distress when  Asphyxia • Discontinue drug if
pregnancies
Response mimics delivery isn’t uterine contractions are
of greater
labor contractions. imminent; and in prolonged (more than
than 31
prematurity and 90 seconds),
weeks’
other obstetric intrauterine pressure
gestation
emergencies. rises, or uterine
motility interferes with
fetal heart rate.

4.Cefuroxime Pharmacologic Cefuroxime is It is used for: Contraindicated in  phlebitis, Aminoglycosides: Produces • Check solutions for
axetil classification: primarily patients thrombophlebiti synergistic activity against particulate matter and
second- bactericidal; it also  Serious lower hypersensitive to swith I.V. some organisms; increases discoloration. Solution
(Ceftin) generation may be respiratory, cefuroxime or other injection risk of nephrotoxicity. may range in color
bacteriostatic. urinary tract, cephalosporins. Use from light yellow to
 cephalosporin Activity depends on skin, and cautiously in  diarrhea Monitor patient closely. amber without
the organism, tissue skin-structure breast-feeding  maculopapular affecting potency.
Cefuroxime Therapeutic penetration, dosage, infections; women and in and Diuretics: Increases risk of
sodium classification: and rate of organism bone and patients with erythematous adverse effects. Monitor • Shake I.M. solution
antibiotic multiplication. It joint impaired renal  rash patient closely. gently before
(Kefurox, administration to
Zinacef) acts by adhering to infections; function or  urticaria Probenecid: Competitively
bacterial penicillin- septicemia; penicillin allergy.  pain, ensure complete drug
inhibits renal tubular dissolution. Give deep
binding proteins, meningitis induration, secretion of cephalosporins,
thereby inhibiting caused by sterile into a large muscle
resulting in higher, mass, preferably the
cell wall synthesis. susceptible abscesses, prolonged serum levels of
organisms. temperature gluteus area. Aspirate
these drugs. Sometimes before injecting to
 Pharyngitis, elevation, tissue used for this effect.
sloughing at prevent inadvertent
tonsillitis,
injection site. injection into a blood
lower
vessel. Rotate injection
respiratory
sites to prevent tissue
tract
damage. Ice to
infection,
injection site may
urinary tract
relieve pain.
infection
 Otitis media, • For direct intermittent
impetigo I.V., inject solution
 Perioperative slowly into vein over 3
prophylaxis to 5 minutes or slowly
 Gonorrhea through tubing of free-
(urethral, running, compatible
endocervical, I.V. solution.
rectal)
• With large doses or
 Lyme disease
prolonged therapy,
(erythema
 migrans) monitor patient for
superinfection,
especially if high-risk.

• Monitor renal
function during
therapy, especially
when maximum dose is
used in a severely ill
patient.

5. Ibuprofen Pharmacologic Mechanisms of It is used for: Contraindicated in  headache ACE inhibitors: Reduces • Maximum results in
classification: action are unknown; patients  dizziness response when used arthritis may require 1
(Advil, NSAID ibuprofen is thought  Arthritis, hypersensitive to  nervousness together; may result in to 2 weeks of
Children’s to inhibit gout, and drug or in those  decreased acute reduction in renal continuous therapy
Advil, Therapeutic prostaglandin postextrac- who have the appetite function. Monitor patient with ibuprofen.
Medipren, classification: synthesis. tion dental syndrome of nasal  tinnitus closely. Improvement may be
Motrin, Motrin nonnarcotic pain polyps,  pruritus seen, however, within
IB, Nuprin, analgesic,  Primary angioedema, and  rash Acetaminophen, gold 7 days.
Pediacare antipyretic, dysmeno- bronchospastic  urticaria compounds, other anti-
Fever, Rufen, anti- rrhea reaction to aspirin inflammatories: May • Give drug on an
Trendar) inflammatory  Mild to or other NSAIDs. increase nephrotoxicity. empty stomach, 1 hour
moderate Contraindicated Use cautiously. before or 2 hours after
pain, during the last meals, for maximum
Antacids: May decrease absorption. However, it
headache, trimester of absorption of ibuprofen. may be administered
backache and pregnancy because
Patient should take drugs at with meals to lessen GI
minor aches it may cause separate times. upset.
associated problems with the
with the fetus or Anticoagulants, • Monitor auditory and
common cold complications thrombolytics (coumarin ophthalmic functions
  Juvenile during delivery. derivatives, heparin, periodically during
arthritis streptokinase, urokinase): ibuprofen therapy.
Use cautiously in Increase anticoagulant
 Fever
patients with effects. Monitor • Monitor
reduction
impaired renal or coagulation studies. Dosage cardiopulmonary status
hepatic function, GI adjustment may be needed. closely; monitor vital
disorders, peptic signs, especially heart
ulcer disease, Antihypertensives, rate and blood
cardiac diuretics: May decrease pressure.
decompensation, effectiveness of these
hypertension, or drugs; diuretics may • Observe patient for
coagulation defects. increase nephrotoxicity. possible fluid retention.
Because chewable Monitor patient closely.
tablets contain
aspartame, use Aspirin, carbenicillin,
cautiously in cefamandole, cefoperazone,
patients with corticosteroids, dextran,
phenylketonuria. dipyridamole, mezlocillin,
piperacillin, plicamycin,
salicylates, sulfinpyrazone,
ticarcillin, valproic acid,
other anti-inflammatories:
Increases risk of bleeding
or adverse GI reactions.
Avoid use together.

6. Pharmacologic Terraferron works It is used for: Contraindicated in  Heartburn Avoid taking antacids • Tell the patient that it
Terraferron classification: by completing the patients with a  nausea within 2 hours before and should be taken on an
Vitamins and need of iron in the  Improving known  vomiting after this medication empty stomach: it
(Ferrous minerals body; acting on the hypersensitivity to  constipation because they will decrease should be taken at the
sulfate; folic nutritional
acid; vitamin Therapeutic megaloblastic bone status of any of the  diarrhea its effectiveness. same time each day.
B-complex; classification: marrow to produce a patient with ingredients.  Stomach upset
Vitamin C; Antianemics normoblastic iron Hemochromatosis and pain • Tell the patient to
Nicotinamide marrow. deficiency and hemosiderosis  Bitter or bad avoid antacids, dairy
products, tea or coffee
1 capsule)  For the are taste
contraindications to w/in 2 hr before &
prevention
iron therapy. after taking terraferron.
and treatment
of anemias • Advise the patient to
due to folic not lie down for 10 min
acid and after taking terraferron.
vitamin B12
deficiencies,
also from
nutritional
deficiency of
vitamin B
complex.
 DRUG STUDY

Submitted by: CORTEZ, ALI L.

Section: BSN 2A1-1