Addressing IP Hosts

Manual IP Address Configuration

1. Click Start>Control Panel>Network and Internet>Change Adapter Settings.
2. Right-click local area network>Properties.
3. Select Internet Protocol version 4.
4. Enter the IP address and default gateway address.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

-DHCP is the automatic IP-address giver. The DHCP server is configured by an administrator with the pool, or scope, of
addresses to be leased.

The DHCP Process

The four-step process of DHCP can easily be remembered by using the mnemonic of DORA:
• Discover
• Offer
• Request
• Acknowledgment
1. DHCP discover The first step in using DHCP to lease an IP address. A DHCP discover packet is broadcast saying, "Hey, who
is a DHCP server?"

2. DHCP Offer
The DHCP server monitors every incoming packet to check whether or not it is a DHCP discover packet. When a DHCP discover
packet is received, the DHCP server examines its pools of IP addresses to see whether any of those addresses correspond to the
network that the request is coming from. The second step in using DHCP to lease an IP address. A DHCP offer packet is
broadcast saying, "I'm a DHCP server, how would you like this fine address?"

3. DHCP request The third step in using DHCP to lease a new IP address and the first step in renewing an IP address lease. A
DHCP request packet is broadcast for new IP address leases and sent directly to the DHCP server for renewals. The packet says,
"Yes, I would like to have this IP address."

4. DHCP acknowledgment (ack) The final step in using DHCP to lease a new IP address or to
renew an IP address lease. A DHCP ack is broadcast for new IP address leases and sent directly to the DHCP client for renewals.
The packet says, "It's a done deal! You can have
this IP address, and here are some extra parameters that you can have."