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«tifwmAsL;*sme,f?Ed0k ifbm?15?2000»
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odygvsuf ckcsed f xd olo Y m;twGuf &nfp;l jy;D ukov k d jfyK? trQay;a0aewke;f ygyJw/h J wu,fawmh aooGm;olu vlom;wpfO;D
jyefjzpfaejyq D w kd m twd tusoad erSawmh olt Y wGu&f nfp;l jy;D ukov kd jf yKtrQay;a0aep&m rvdak wmhygbl;/ jyKay;vnf;
oltY wGuf bmrS tusK;d rjy;D tcsn;f ES;D ygyJ/
ukodkvfrjyK&bl;vdkY rqdkvdkygbl;/ ukodkvfqdkwmuawmh bmtaMumif;aMumifhrqdk jyK&rSmaygh/
aooluyk d &J nfp;l &nfp;l ? &Sif oluyk d J &nfp;l &nfp;l ? ukov kd q
f wk d mjyKoifyh gw,f/ 'gayrJh aooGm; wJo h u l vljyefjzpfaejyq D &k d if
olt Y wGuf &nfp;l jy;D jyKwhJ ukov kd &f UJ tusK;d udk olcpH m;cGihf r&Sad wmhb;l vdq Yk v
kd ykd gw,f/ vl0ifpm;u olY twGuf
ukov kd jf yKay;rSe;f odjy;D om"kac:&if ukov kd af wmh&rSmaygh/ ukov kd t f usK;d awmh csucf si;f vufiif; cHpm;cGirhf &Syd gbl;/
&[EÅmyk*Kd¾vrf sm;rSwpfyg; owÅ0gwpfO;D wpfa,muf ao qH;k oGm;&if vm;a&muf&r,fb h 0 ig;rsK;d &Syd gw,f/
*wdig;yg;aygh/ vlb Y 0? ewfb0? i&Jb0? wd&pämefb0? jyw d mÅ b0qdjk y;D awmh b0ig;rsK;d wpfrsK;d rsK;d udk vm;a&muf&ygw,f/
jA[®mb0u ewf b0xJrmS ? tol&um,fb0ujyw d mÅ b0xJrmS tusK;H 0ifygw,f/
t&Siq
ukov k d ef aY J owJo h u l ukov kd o f wÅt d m;avsmpf mG vlb Y 0? ewfb0qdw k h J aumif;&mok*wdb0awGuk d vm;a&muf&jy;D
tuk odv k ef Y J aowJo h u l tukov kd o f wÅt d m;avsmpf mG i&Jb0? wd&pämef b0? jyw d mÅ b0qdw k h J raumif;&m'k*w ¾ b d 0awGuk d
vm;a&muf& ygw,f/
aovGejf y;D wJah emuf ukov kd t f usK;d ay;aMumifh vljzpfomG ; w,f? ewfjzpfomG ;w,fq&kd if? 'grSr[kwf tukov kd f
tusK;d ay; aMumifh i&JusomG ;w,f? wd&pämefjzpfomG ;w,fq&kd if use&f pfoal wG u olt Y wGu&f nfp;l jy;D jyKwhJ ukov kd &f UJ
tusK;d udk ol vH;k 0cHpm;cGihf r&Sad wmhygbl;/ bmjzpfvv Ykd q J akd wmh olt Y wGuf &nfp;l jy;D ukov kd f jyKaewmudk ol vH;k 0
rodEikd af wmhvyYkd gyJ/
wu,fvYkd tukov kd t
f usK;d ay;wpfcck ak Mumifh jyw d mÅ bHk b0 a&mufomG ;r,fq&kd ifawmh use&f pfoal wGu
olt Y wGuf &nfp;l jy;D jyKwh J ukov k d &f UJ tusK;d udk taMumif;nDnw G rf ,fq&k d if oltjynft h 0 cHpm;cGi&h f yd S gw,f/ bmjzpfvv Ykd qJ ak d wmh
olt Y wGu&f nfp;l jy;D ukov dk jf yKaewmudk taMumif;nDnw G &f if ol odEikd v f yYkd gyJ/
jywd mÅ bHb k 0a&mufwikd ;f vnf; &nfp;l ukov kd &f UJ tusK;d udk cHpm;cGi&hf w dS m r[kwyf gbl;/
xrif;qmavmifjcif;? a&rGwo f yd jfcif;wd&Y k UJ ESyd pf ufrI 'Pfuk d tNrrJ jywf cHae&wJh ]tiwfcjHyw d mÅ } (ckyyd Ü godujyw d mÅ )?
yljyif;wJh rD;awmufr;D vQaH wG&UJ avmifuRr;f 0g;jrKd urf 'I Pfukd tMum;rvyf cHae&wJh ]tavmifcjH yw d mÅ }
(edZÑmrwPdu S jyw d mÅ )?
tol&um,fvYkd oD;jcm;ac:wJh ]tMu;D pm;jyw d mÅ } (umv uOöu d jyw d mÅ ) awG[m jyw d mÅ jzpfayr,fh &nfp;l ukov kd u f kd
om"k ac:Edik pf rG ;f r&SMd uwJt h wGuf &nfp;l ukov kd &f UJ tusK;d udk bmrScpH m;cGihf r&Syd gbl;/
olwpfyg;wdaYk y;wJh tpm;tpmudk trSjD yKjy;D touf&iS af e &wJh ]tay;cHjyw d mÅ } (y&'wÅLyZD0u d jyw d mÅ )
wpfrsK;d wnf;om &nfp;l ukov kd u f kd om"kac:Edik pf rG ;f &Sw d t hJ wGuf &nfp;l ukov kd &f UJ tusK;d udck pH m;cGi&hf ydS gw,f/
'Dtay;cHjyw d mÅ rsK;d udk ]a0rmedujyw d mÅ } (Adrmef&iS f jyw d mÅ ) vdYk trsm;u odMuygw,f/
&nfp;l ukov kd w f pfcu k t&nfp;l cHy*k Kd¾vu f kd aumif;usK;d jyK Edik zf t Ykd wGuf t*Fg&yfig;csuef YJ jynfph zkH Ykd vkt d yfygw,f/
(1) tvSLcHy*k Kd¾v[ f m ud, k u f sio hf vD pwJh olawmfaumif; *kPef YJ jynfph o kH jl zpf&r,f?
(2) tvSLay;yk*Kd¾v&f UJ oEÅmefrmS ]'Duo k v kd [ f m wrvGef b0 ajymif;oGm;wJh b,fot Yl wGuf &nfp;l ygw,f} vdYk
&nfp;l pdwf xm; twdtus&&dS r,f?
(3) vSLzG,yf pön;f trsK;d tpm; pHv k if&r,f?
(4) tvSLay;yk*Kd¾vu f rdr&d nfp;l wJyh *k Kd¾vu f kd ukov kd t f rQ twef; ay;a0&r,f?
(5) wrvGeb f 0rS t&nfp;l cHy*k Kd¾vu f &nfp;l ukov kd u f kd 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om om"kac:&r,f/
'Dt*Fg&yfig;csuef Y J jynfph jkyH q D &k d ifawmh om"kac:vdu k w f m eJY wpfjyKdief uf tvSLyJrG mS yg0ifvLS 'gef;xm;wJyh pön;f awGeY J
emrnf omwljy;D trsK;d tpm; tvGeaf umif;rGe?f ta&twGuf tqrsm;pGm omvGew f h J ypön;f aygif;rsm;pGmudk wrvGeb f 0u
t&nfp;l cHy*k Kd¾vf aocsmayguf &&Scd pH m;&ygawmhw,f/ ]trnfw}l ]trsK;d aumif;} ypön;f awGukd ]tqwd;k } cHpm;&w,f
qdyk gawmh/
]trnfw}l vdq Yk x kd m;wJt h wGuf 'Du tpm;tpmay;vSLjy;D trQa0&if [drk mS tpm;tpm jynfph o kH mG ;ygw,f/
'Du t0wft xnfay;vSLjy;D trQa0&if [drk mS t0wftxnf jynfph o k H mG ;ygw,f/ tpm;tpmay;vSL½keH Y J t0wftxnfyg
rjynfph Ek H ik d o
f vdk t0wft xnfay;vSL½keH v Y J nf; tpm;tpmyg rjynfph Ek H ik d yf gbl;/ qGr;f omvSL jy;D a&rvSL&ifawmif tpm;om
&Sjdy;D a&iwfaewwfygw,f/ 'g vSLay;rS 'g&oGm;wJo h abm&Sw d mrdY k vSLzG,yf pön;f trsK;d tpm;pHv k if zdY k odyt f a&;Mu;D ygw,f/
aovGeo f u l kd &nfp;l wJh tvSLyJw G pfcrk mS atmufxpfq;kH tm;jzifh pm;p&mtwGuf qGr;f wpfyef;uef? odrYk [kwf
rkew Yf pfc?k aomufp&mtwGuf a&wpfzefcu G ?f 0wf½pHk &m t0wftxnf twGuf vufow k yf 0gwpfxnf? odrYk [kwf
vufuidk yf 0gwpfxnf? cdpk &maqmif;p&m taqmufttHt k wGuf xD;wpfvuf? odrYk [kwf ,yfawmifwpfacsmif;?
pD;eif;oGm;p&m ,mOftwGuf zdeyfwpf&?H tenf;qH;k vSLzG,yf pön;f ig;rsK;d yg0if&ygr,f/ 'grS pm;a&;? aomuf a&;?
0wfa&;? aea&;? oGm;vma&; tqifajyoGm;rSmyg/ use;f rma&;yg jynfph o k H mG ;atmif vsuq f m;wpfxyk af vmuf xnfch six f nfh
vku d yf gOD;/
t&Siq
rdrud &d k nfp;l jy;D jyKwh J tvSL'getrQtwef;udk om"kac:wJh jyw d mÅ wpfO;D [m jyw d mÅ b0u uRwv f w G x f u kd w f h J uHyg&if
om"k ac:jy;D wmeJw Y pfjyKd uef uf jyw d mÅ b0u uRwv f w G jf y;D uHtm;avsmpf mG ewfjynf? vljY ynf a&mufomG ;Edik yf gw,f/
uRwv f w G x f u kd w f uhJ H rygao;bl;qd&k ifawmh jyw d mÅ b0rSmyJ use&f pfov l al wG vSL'gef; ay;wJh ypön;f awGeYJ tvm;wl
trnfw?l trsK;d aumif;? tqwd;k ypön;f awGukd oH;k aqmifcpH m;cGihf &oGm;ygw,f/
jrwfpmG bk&m;vufxufwek ;f u ok0PÖbrl b d ufukd a& aMumif;c&D;uae ta&mif;t0,fxu G v f mwJh
om0w¦jdrKdUom; ukef onfwpfpk ork'&´ mtv,frmS avrkew f ik d ;f 'Pfrjdy;D uRe;f i,fwpf uRe;f ay: qdu k af &mufomG ;ygw,f/
uRe;f tv,fu qef;Mu,fvyS wJh Adrmefwpfv;kH xJrmS qHyifzm;vsm;csxm;wJh trsK;d orD;wpfa,muf cdak tmif;aewm
awGUwJt h wGuf tjyifbuf xGuv f mzdYk ukeo f nf wpfa,mufu vSr;f ac:vdu k yf gw,f/
]em;eJrY em ç z0g;eJeY myg OD;&,f? uRerf rSm 0wfp&mt0wf vH;k 0r&Sv d Y k d uk,d w f ;k H vH;k jzpfaeygw,f? uRerf wpfu, dk v f ;k H udk
qHyif awGeyYJ J zH;k xm;&ygw,f&iS ?f &Suv f eG ;f vdYk uRerf tjyifrxGu0f w Hh m cGiv hf w T yf gaemf}
]'gqdk uReaf wmfyh ck ;kH ay:u a[m'Dtay:½kt H 0wf t&Sirf udk ay;ygw,f? a&mh .... ,lyg? 'Dt0wfukd 0wfjy;D
cPavmuf tjyifxu G cf yhJ g cifAsm}
]OD;&JU MuifemrI? ulnrD t I wGuf aus;Zl;trsm;Mu;D wifygw,f OD;&,f? 'gayrJh uRerf wdv Yk kd wrvGeo f al wGukd
OD;wdvYk kd vlawG u ypön;f wpfcck ak y;csi&f if tJ'v D kd wdu k ½f u kd Mf u;D ay;vdrYk &bl;av OD;&JU? ay;wJo h ul ay;vnf; uRerf wdu Yk
vH;k 0 ,lvrYkd &bl;}
]OD;&JUt0wf uRerf udk ay;csiw f ,fq&kd if OD;wdYk oabFmom; awGxrJ mS &wemoH;k yg;eJY uH? uH&UJ tusK;d w&m;udk
vufc, H MkHunf jy;D o&P*Hw k nfaewJh olawmfaumif;wpfa,muf ygvmygw,f/OD;&JU t0wf olu Y kd ay;vSLjcif;jzifh
OD;u 'geukov k d f t&if,x l m;vdu k yf g/ jy;D rS OD;&xm;wJ'h geukov kd t f zduY k k d uRerf twGuf &nfreS ;f jy;D trQtwef;ay;a0vdu k yf g/
uRerf u 0rf;ajrmufpmG om"kac: jcif;jzifh vufc, H v l u k d yf ghr,f/ 'gqd&k if OD;ay;wJt h 0wfxuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm aumif;jy;D ?
tqaygif;rsm;pGmrsm;wJh t0wftxnfawG uRerf &jyaD ygh&iS }f
Adrmef&iS f trsK;d orD;av; nTeMf um;wJt h wdik ;f olawmfaumif; oabFmom;udk useo f abFmom;awGu
eHo
Y m&nfawGeYJ a&csK;d ay;Mu? oifah wmfw0hJ wfpw kH pfp0kH wfqifay;Mu? teHt Y &omeJjY ynfph w kH hJ pm;zG,af omufz, G af wG
auR;arG;Mujy;D 'geukov kd af wG t&if,x l m;vdu k Mf uygw,f/ jy;D rS olrudk &nfreS ;f jy;D trQtwef; ay;a0vdu k Mf uygw,f/
olrom"kac:vdu k w f meJw Y pfjyKd ief uf ewfjynfu t0wftpm;eJw Y w l hJ 0wfp&mrsK;d pH?k ewfjynfu tpm;tpmeJY wlwhJ
pm;p&mrsK;d pH?k jynfjh ynfph pkH ?Hk ydyk v kd QvH QMH u;D olr &&So d mG ;ygw,f/
jyw
d mÅ EG,zf mG ; wrvGeo f ?l wrvGeo f m;awGukd bmypön;f ay;ay; wku d ½f u kd af y;vdrYk &ygbl;/ vufeu YJ ikd jf y;D yJjzpfjzpf?
pm;yGaJ y:? pifay:? tkw*f al y:oGm;wifjy;D yJjzpfjzpf? yHpk w H yl pön;f twkawG? puúL awGukd rD;½IUd jy;D yJjzpfjzpf vH;k 0 ay;vdrYk &ygbl;/
ay;vd&Yk w,fvYkd ,HMk unfjy;D ay;vnf; tJ'D ,HMk unfr[ I m wvJ, G MkHunfrI (t,lvrJG )I rQomjzpfwt hJ wGuf tcsed u f ek ?f
vlyef;? aiGcef;½Hu k vGv J Ykd bmtusKd ;rS r&Syd gbl;/ ,Hw k ikd ;f jzpfwmrS r[kwb f /J
'ghaMumifh wrvGeaf &mufaus;Zl;&Siaf wGukd wu,faus;Zl; qyfcsiw f ,f? wrvGeaf &muf cspcf ifoal wGukd
wu,ftusK;d &ap csiw f ,fq&kd if vGrJ mS ;wJh ay;enf;rsK;d awGukd a&SmifMuOfjy;D olawmf aumif;*kPef jYJynfph w kH hJ &[ef;oHCm?
odrYk [kwf vl0wfaMumifawGukd rdrd ay;vd&k m ypön;f rsm; ay;vSLjcif;jzifh 'geukov kd uf kd ud,
k u
f t&if&atmif ,lyg? jy;D rS
tJ''D geukov kd u f kd wrvGeaf &muf ud, k hf aus;Zl;&Si?f ud, k chf spcf ifoal wGukd twdtus&nfreS ;f jy;D trQtwef; ay;a0vdu k yf g
.... vd/Yk
tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/
«tifwmAsL;*sme,f?azazmf0g&D?7?2001»
t&Siq
udk,fU&JYawmif;qkudktjrifUqHk;rSm
xm;wwfzdkh?xm;Edkifzdkh?xm;jzpfzdkh
txl;vdt k yfvyS gw,f/
tjrifUqHk;awmif;qkudkjyKxm;&iftjrifUqHk;&JY
atmufuaumif;usKd;qkvmbfawGudkvnf;
rvdck sitf qH;k &&So
d mG ;rSmyg/
t&Sib f &k m; . . .
bk&m;wynfah wmf ukov dk jf zpf aoG;vSL'gef;aewm q,fh wpfMurd f &So
d mG ;ygjyb
D &k m;? aoG;vSL'gef;&wJh
ukovkd af Mumifh &&Sd Edik w
f hJ tusK;d w&m;rsm;udk ajzMum;ay;awmfryl gbk&m;/
armifausmaf qG? ywÅjrm;jrKd Uopf/
'umausmaf qG&UJ ar;cGe;f udk zwfvu kd &f w,fq&kd ifyJ bk&m;avmif; od0rd if;Mu;D udk csucf si;f owd&vdu k rf yd gw,f/
aoG; qdw k m cE¨mud, k &f UJ tpdwt f ydik ;f wpfcjkzpfvY k d cE¨mud, k &f UJ tpdwt f ydik ;f wpfck &ufa&mpGm vSL'gef;cJzh ;l wJh bk&m;tavmif;
od0rd if;Mu;D udk owd&rdwmyg/
bk&m;avmif; od0rd if;Mu;D [m pGeMY u f aJ y;urf;vSL'gef;ae& wJt h vkyrf mS tifrwef arGUavsmw f h J 'geaysmf rif;aumif;
rif;jrwf wpfyg; jzpfygw,f/ olrif;jzpfwahJ eYupjy;D jrKd UwHcg;av;zuf&,f? jrKd Uv,faumif&,f? eef;awmfwcH g;&,f?
XmeMu;D ajcmufcrk mS tvSLr@yfMu;D ajcmufcak qmufvyk jf y;D aeYpOfaeYwikd ;f tojymajcmufoed ;f wef tvSLMu;D
ay;aecJyh gw,f/
]jyifytvSL} eJY ywfoufvu Ydk awmh od0rd if;Mu;D rvSLzl;wJh tvSL wpfcrk S r&Syd gbl;/ ypön;f trsK;d tpm; pHv k ifatmif
vSLzl;ygw,f/ 'gayrJh auseyftm;&rIr&Sad o;wJt h wGuf cE¨mud, k tf pdwf tydik ;f wpfcck k ay;vSL&wJh ]twGi;f tvSL} ay;vSLcsiw f hJ
pdwq f E´ olrY mS jyif;jyxufoefvmygw,f/
tvSLcHwpfpw kH pfa,muf ESv;kH om;vkcd si&f if ESv;kH om; xkwv f LS r,f? tom;vdck si&f if tom;jzwfvLS r,f?
aoG;vdck si&f if aoG;azmufvLS r,f? rsupf v d ckd si&f if rsupf x d wk v
f LS r,f? uRev f ckd si&f if rif;pnf;pdrpf eG jYf y;D igud, k w f ikd f
uRev f yk rf ,fvYkd tcdik t f rmqH;k jzwfxm;wJh bk&m;avmif; od0rd if;Mu;D xHarSmuf rsurf jrifyP k mÖ ; tdt k oGief YJ
odMum;rif;a&mufvmjy;D rsupf w d pfv;kH tvSLcHygawmhw,f/
rsupf w d pfv;k H yJ tvSLcHwyh J P k mÖ ;udk od0rd if;Mu;D u rsupf d ESpv f ;k H vH;k azmufxw k af y;vSLcJyh gw,f/ ]tckvk d rsupf Ed pS v f ;k H
xkwf vSL&wJu h ok v k d af umif;rI[m oAÁnKwÓPfawmfMu;D &JU taxmuftyHjhzpfygap} vdY k rsupf t d vSL&JU tusK;d w&m;tjzpf
oAÁnKwÓPf awmfMu;D udyk J od0rd if;Mu;D awmifw h cJyh gw,f/ awmifw h cJw h thJ wdik ;f vnf; oAÁnKwÓPfawmfMu;D &jy;D
bk&m;tjzpfeYJ owÅ0gtrsm;&JU aumif;usK;d csr;f omudk olrwlatmif &Guaf qmifawmfrEl ikd cf yhJ gw,f/
b,f ]aumif;rI} yJjyKjyK? ]awmif;qk}u odyt f a&;Mu;D ygw,f/ vlom;awGrmS aumif;rIwpfcjk yKjy;D wdik ;f
awmif;qkwpfcak wmh tenf;qH;k &Sw d wfMuwmrdYk ud, k &hf UJ awmif;qkukd tjrifq h ;kH rSm xm;wwfz?Ykd xm;Edik zf ?Ykd xm;jzpfzYkd
txl;vdt k yfvyS gw,f/ tjrifq h ;kH awmif;qkukd jyKxm;&if tjrifq h ;kH &JUatmufu aumif;usK;d qkvmbfawGuv kd nf;
rvdck sit f qH;k &&So d mG ;rSmyg/ txl; awmifw h aep&m rvdyk gbl;/
&efuek u f ae rEÅav;txd &xm;vufrw S jfzwfxm;wJh ol[m yJc;l blwm a&mufygap? ompnfbw l m a&mufygap?
qkawmif;aep&mrvdyk gbl;/ aocsmaygufa&mufygw,f/ yJc;l txd? ompnftxdyJ &xm;vufrw S jf zwfxm;w,f
qd&k ifawmh yJc;l txd? ompnftxdyJ a&mufygw,f/ yJc;l blwm? ompnfbw l mrSm qif; ae&pfcahJ yawmh? yJc;l [db k uf?
ompnf[b kd uf qufvu kd zf Ykd vH;k 0 pdwrf ul;eJ/Y qufvu kd cf si&f if vufrw S xf yf0,f? 'grSr[kwf ydu k q f x H yfay;? 'gygyJ/
]oAÁarawe vAÇwd = þaumif;rIjzifh rdrt d vd&k &dS m aumif;usK;d tm;vH;k &Edik \ f } qdw k hJ bk&m;pum;awmfet YJ nD
b,faumif;rIurqdk b,faumif;usK;d udrk qdk ay;pGr;f Edik yf gw,f/ rdrjd yK vdu k w f ah J umif;rIwpfcak Mumifh vlrif;? ewfrif;vnf;
t&Siq
jzpfEik d o f vdk vloal X;? ewfoal X;vnf; jzpfEik d yf gw,f/ vlynm&S?d ewfynm&Sv d nf; jzpfEik d o f vdk vlt&d,m? ewft&d,mvnf;
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]tppfwpfc?k twkwpfoed ;f } qdw k t hJ wdik ;f ud, k wf u,f rodbeJ YJ odoa,mif &rf;jz;D ? &rf;&T;D wJh zd;k &rf;wkw?f
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aoqH;k ol&UJ vm;&m*wdukd od&jcif;aMumifh use&f pfoal wG rSm pdwcf sr;f omoGm;rvm;? pdwq f if;&JomG ;
rvm;qdw k muawmh use&f pfoal wG&UJ pdw"f mwfcikd rf mrI? pdw"f mwfaysmn h rhH t I ay:rSmyJ rlwnfygw,f/
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a0;vGih f cGcJ mG Mu&w,f/ jrpfxaJ rsmaewJh aA'gyifawGvyk d J uHMuKH&if jyefqk H Mur,f/ uHao;&if jyefa0;Mur,f/ uH&nfrwlbJ
jyefMunfjzLcsif vdY k r&ovdk uHraumif;bJ jyefaygif;csiaf evdv Y k nf; tvum;ygyJ/ ud, k u
h f eH Y J ud,k cf &D;ESi?f olu
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k v Ykd /J ] wGcJ iG }hf MuKH wke;f ud,
k w
hf m0ef ud, k af us? olw Y m0ef olaus?
jy;D jyaD ygh/ ]cGcJ iG }hf MuKH cgrSawmh vGr;f raeeJaY wmh? tydyk gyJ/
odjcif;eJY rodjcif;rSm odjcif;aMumifh tusK;d qkw, f w k o
f mG ; Edik pf &m taMumif;r&Syd gbl;/ aumif;usK;d qd;k usK;d [m
ud, k o f wd hJ todtay:rSm ud, k b
hf ufu b,fvw kd jHYkyefovJqw kd hJ tcsut f ay: rSmyJ rlwnfygw,f ...vd/Yk
tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/
«tifwmAsL;*sme,f?ar?16? 2001»
tnTe;f / / aw aw Zae tm0ga[wGm twÅaem twÅaem *wð uxmaywd/

(ax&*gxmt|uxm? 'kw, d wG?J 508/)
t&Sib f &k m; . . .
em;eJrY em z0g;eJY emawmfryl gbk&m;? wynfah wmfr[m opömrJw h hJ vifa,musmf ;aMumifh tMu;D tus,f
pdwaf omu a&mufae&ygw,fb&k m;? pdwcf sr;f omatmif w&m;"r®eYJ b,fvkd ESv;kH oGi;f jy;D b,fvkd ajzodr&hf r,f
qdwk m oem;u½kPma&SUxm;jy;D rdeMYf um;ay;awmfryl gbk&m;/
rrd;k oufvidI ?f &efuif;jrKd Ue,f/
rrd;k oufvidI af & ....
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tdraf xmifvrf;cGJ owif;udck sucf si;f owd&vdu k rf yd gw,f/ ]wpfO;D wpfa,muf&UJ tcspu f k d &,lzY k d rMuKd;pm;awmhbJ y&dowf&UJ
tcspu f xkd m0& &,lEikd zf yYkd J MuKd ;pm;oGm;ygawmhr,f} vdv Yk nf; tifwmAsL;wpfcrk mS olru &ifziG x hf m;ao;w,fav/
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ud,k t hf ay: rMuifemwJh cifyeG ;f onfukd aus;Zl;wifp&mawmif aumif;ygao;w,f/
olwEYkd pS af ,mufyJ b0wpfcrk mS jA[®'wfrif;om;eJY tod wmblrif;orD;qdjk y;D awmf0ifZeD;armifEjHSzpfczhJ ;l ygw,f/
zcifb&k if Mu;D u tmPmvkrmS pd;k &drjf y;D wdik ;f jynfu ESix f w k v f ukd vf Ykd olwYkd ESpOf ;D bk&m;tavmif;awmf&aoh oDwif;oH;k &m
[dr0EÅmawmxJrmS aexdik cf MhJu&ygw,f/
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udE&é rD av;udk jrifjrifcsi;f csprf o d mG ;wJh rif;om;[m ]rdz&k m;ajrm§ ufr,f} qdw k hJ tMut H pnfeYJ udE&é rD av;aemuf
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ur®|mef; oif,t l m;xkwv f u kd w f t hJ wGuf wpfcPcsi;f twGi;f rSmyJ psmeftbdnmOfawG &&So d mG ;ygw,f/
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jyKwu f somG ;cJyh gjy?D uRerf &ifxrJ mS &Sirf &Sad wmhygbl;/ vTet Y J jzwfc&H wJh qifp, G f jyefrqufEik d af wmhovdk &Sief uY J Rerf Mum;rSm&Sw d hJ
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pdwt f pOf[m ylavmifjcif;r&S?d yuwdat;csr;f aew,fqw kd m xif&mS ;ygw,f/ omoemyumvrdo Yk m psmefcsr;f omeJyY J
jird ;f at;rI&,lc&hJ wmyg/
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d m odavmufygjyaD emf/ 0w¬KawG? ½ky&f iS af wGxu J vkd
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wwfwrhJ if;&JUtem;rSm &ufpufrI awGc, H cl siw f ,f} vdv Yk nf; wrf;wraeygeJ/Y vufawGUb0rSm pdwcf sr;f omzdeYk YJ jzpfEidk &f if
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J yk Mfunf&h if
pdwaf wGtxl;at;csr;f vmrSmyg/
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q,fc&k rdS ,f? csppf &m trsm;Mu;D &S&d ifawmh aomu trsm;Mu;D &Srd ,faygh/ aomujird ;f csi&f if csppf &mawGukd
avQmyh pfEikd &f r,fav/ csp&f r,fh ol? csp&f r,ft h &m enf;yg;oGm;av? aomurD;vnf; csKyjf ird ;f oGm; avygyJ/
csp&f ol&UJ pdr;f um;&ufpufr?I jrwfE;kd &ol&UJ opömuif;rJh rI[m pdwx f m;wwfot l wGuaf wmh wefz;kd rjzwfEikd w f hJ
b0vGwf ajrmufrI qkvmbfMu;D ygyJ/ toH;k cswwfol wpfa,muftwGuf tcspu f aH cwm[m tESpu f seaf pzdyYk gyJ ....
vdYk ..../
tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/
«tifwmAsL;*sme,f?ZGe?f 27?2001»
t&Sib f &k m; . . .
aemufq;kH yGiahf wmfrcl ahJ om a*gwrAk'¨ jrwfpmG bk&m;\ bJUG trnfreS u f kd odvydk gonfb&k m;/ tcsKUd u
Ak'?¨ tcsKd Uu a*gwr? tcsKUd u ousrek ?d trsK;d rsK;d ac:aeMuygonfb&k m;/
armifausmu f u dk 0kd if;? &efuif;jrKd Ue,f/
'umausmu f akd & ....
'umausmu f &kd UJ ar;cGe;f udk zwfvu kd &f w,fq&kd ifyJ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ bJUG trnfwpfcek yYJ wfoufjy;D
[kwaf vmufw,f? [kwaf vmufw,fvYkd acgif;wndwn f wd ef YJ rSwcf sucf sczhJ ;l wJh ]OyuwuúweG ;f } Mu;D udk csucf si;f
owd&vdu k rf yd gw,f/
OyuwuúweG ;f Mu;D [m jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f kd r[maAm"d yifeYJ Ak'*¨ ,mtMum; vrf;c&D;wpfae&mrSm
zl;awGUcGi&hf cJw
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t<u? vrf;c&D;rSm c&D;&ifqikd f qHak wGUMuwmyg/
jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ Munfvifoef&Y iS ;f wJh toa&awmfukd zl;jrif&wJh OyuwuúweG ;f Mu;D [m vlcsi;f rodayr,fh
oabmus ESpo f ufveG ;f vdYk jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ teD;tyg; csO;f uyfjy;D ar;cGe;f awG w&pyf ar;ygawmhw,f/
]igh&iS f ....? oif&h UJ rsupf ?d em;? ESm? vQm? ud, k ?f pdwq f wkd hJ £ajEa´ jcmufyg;[m MunfvifveG ;f vSygw,f/
t&Siq
oif&h UJ ud, k t f a& tqif;[mvnf; txl;oef&Y iS ;f pifMu,fjy;D jyKd ;jyKd ;jyufjyuf ta&mif xGuv f aYkd eygw,f/ igh&iS f ....?
oif[m b,fq&mudk &nfreS ;f jy;D awmh &[ef;jyKcw h J mygvJ? oifq h &mu b,fov l ?J b,fow Y l &m; udk oifEpS o f ufygovJ}
OyuwuúweG ;f Mu;D &JU ar;cGe;f awGukd jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f *gxmav;yk'ef YJ tckvkd ajzMum;awmfrv l u kd yf gw,f/
]Oyu ....? ig[m w&m;tm;vH;k udk vTr;f rd;k Edik w f o hJ ?l w&m; tm;vH;k udk tuket f pif t<uif;rJh odjrifwo hJ ?l
w&m;tm;vH;k tay: rSm udavomvdr;f usu H yfjijd cif; tvsO;f r&Sw d ohJ ?l w&m;tm;vH;k udk y,f&mS ;pGeyYf pfjy;D wJo h ?l
wPSmuke&f medAmÁ efrmS vGwv f wG u f Rwu f Rwf ouf0ifwnfaeoljzpfygw,f/ w&m;tm;vH;k udk q&mr&S?d rdru d , k d f ydik Óf PfeY J
xd;k xGi;f odjrifcw hJ mjzpfvYkd ighrmS q&m&,fvYkd nTejf y&r,fh ol b,forl sm; &SOd ;D rSmvJ}
]Oyu ....? ighrmS q&mqdw k m r&Syd gbl;? ighxuf jrwfwhJ q&mqdw k m tomxm;? igeJY wef;wlwo hJ al wmif
r&Syd gbl;? ewfeYJ wuGaom owÅavmuMu;D wpfcv k ;kH rSm igeJY EIid ;f ,SOpf &myk*Kd¾vf wpfO;D wpfa,mufrS r&Syd gbl;}
]Oyu ....? ig[m avmurSm ylaZmftxl;udk cHxu kd w f o hJ ?l twkr&Sd qH;k roGeo f ifEikd pf rG ;f &Sw d q hJ &m?
w&m;tm;vH;k udk trSet f wdik ;f ud, k yf ikd Ó f PfeYJ odjrifEikd w f hJ wpfO;D wnf;aom yk*Kd¾v?f udav omrD; jird ;f at;jy;D wJo h l
jzpfygw,f}
]Oyu ....? ig tck "r®pMumw&m; a[mzdYk umodwikd ;f ? Am&mPoDjynfu rd*g'g0keaf wmudk oGm;rvdyYk g/
ynmrsupf rd &Sw d hJ twGuf tuef;vdjk zpfaewJh ewfvo l wÅ0gawGtv,frmS w&m; a'oemwnf;[laom tjrKd upf nfMu;D
½du k wf ;D aqmf&rG ;f vdu k Of ;D r,f}
jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ ajzMum;csuaf wGukd tm;&auseyfveG ;f vdYk OyuwuúweG ;f Mu;D u ....
]igh&iS f ...? tck oifajymwJt h wkid ;f qd&k if oif[m ]teEÅZed } bJUG trnf&wJh yk*Kdv ¾ x f ;l yk*Kdv
¾ jfrwfwpfO;D jzpfrmS ayghaemf}
tJ't D cg jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f ....
][kwyf gw,f .... Oyu? ig[m ]Zde} bGUJ trnf&wJh yk*Kd¾vf wpfO;D jzpfygw,f/ igeJY oabmobm0csi;f wlwhJ
bk&m;&Siftm;vHk; [m t&[wÅr*fÓPf&wmeJYwpfjydKifeuf ,kwfnHhwJhudavomeJY tukodkvfw&m;awGudk
t<uif;rJah tmifjrifc?h J tEdik , f El ik d cf wh J mrdY k ]Zde} qdw k h J bJUG trnf&Muygw,f/ igvnf; tJ'b D &k m;&Siaf wGvyk d J t&[wÅr*fÓPfeY J
udavomw&m;? tukov kd w f &m; t,kwf tnHah wGukd t<uif;rJh atmifjrifc?hJ tEdik , f El ikd cf w hJ mrdYk ]Zde}qdwk hJ bJUG trnf
&Syd gw,f}
tJ'Dtcg Oyu wuúwGef;MuD;u ]igh&Sif ....? oifajymwm [kwfavmufw,f? oifajymwm
[k w f a vmuf w ,f } vd k Y a&&G w f &if ; cgif ; wnd w f n d w f e J Y vrf ; z,f a &S m if v T J j yD ; ol o G m ;vd k & mc&D ; ud k
qufvufxu G cf mG oGm;ygawmhw,f/
Oyu wuúweG ;f Mu;D u jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ bJUG trnfuk d ]teEÅZed } vdY k owfrw S cf yh J gw,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f vnf;
t aMumif;jycsufeJYwuG twnfjyKay;cJhygw,f/ aemifwpfcsdef jrwfpGm bk&m;&SifxHarSmuf uRwfwrf;0ifzdkY
a&mufvmawmhvnf; Oyu wuúweG ;f Mu;D u jrifjriforQ &[ef;&Siv f al wGuk d ]teEÅZed b,f t&yfrmS aeovJ} ]teEÅZed
b,frmS vJ} vdyYk J ar;jref;cJyh gw,f/
wu,fawmh ]teEÅZed }qdw k b hJ UJG trnf[m *kPyf 'k u f kd tpGJ jyKjy;D ac:a0:wJb h UJG trnfyg/ ]teEÅ}qdw k m
]tqH;k r&So d jd rifo}l ? ]Zde} qdw k m ]&efrm&ftm;vH;k udk atmifEidk o f }l ? *kPyf 'k Ef pS cf u k kd aygif;vdu k af wmh ]teEÅZed } qdw k hJ bJUG trnf
jzpfvmwmygyJ/
jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ *kPyf 'k rf eS o f rQ ( t&nftcsi;f rSeo f rQ) bJUG trnf jzpfciG &hf ydS gw,f/ *kPyf 'k af wGu
ra&rwGuEf ikd af tmif rsm;vGe;f awmh jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ bGUJ trnfawGuvnf; ra&r wGuEf ikd af tmif rsm;aeawmhwmaygh/
OyuwuúweG ;f Mu;D udk rdeYf Mum;awmfrw l phJ um;&yfawGxrJ mS udyk J ]*kPyf 'k t f aMumif;jyK bJUG trnf} awG trsm;Mu;D ygygw,f/
jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ trnfukd (1)vlb Y 0trnf? (2)bk&m; trnf? (3)*kPyf 'k t f rnfvYkd oH;k rsK;d cGjJ cm;Edik yf gw,f/
vlb Y 0trnf uawmh ]od'w ¨ }¬ vdaYk c:ygw,f/ ]tusK;d tm;vH;k jy;D pD;Edik o f }l vdYk t"dymÜ ,f&ygw,f/ (od'=¨ jy;D pD;? tw¬=tusK;d )
bk&m;trnfu awmh ]a*gwr} vdYk ac:ygw,f/ a*gwr rsK;d EG,u f qif;oufvm olrYkd rsK;d EG,&f UJ trnfukd tpJjG yKjy;D
ac:wmyg/
t&Siq
wcsKUd bk&m;&Siaf wGu vlb Y 0trnfeYJ bk&m;trnftwlwl ygyJ/ Oyrm vlb Y 0wke;f u 'DyuF&mrif;om;u
bk&m;jzpfawmh 'DyuF&mbk&m;? vlb Y 0wke;f u r*Fvrif;om;u bk&m;jzpfawmh r*Fvbk&m;? vlb Y 0eJY bk&m;b0
trnfrajymif;bJ wpfrsK;d wnf; ac:a0:Muygw,f/
vlb Y 0wke;f u od'w ¨ r¦ if;om;vdaYk c:ayr,fh bk&m;jzpfwhJ tcg od'w ¨ b ¦ &k m;vdrYk ac:wmuawmh a*gwr
jrwfpmG bk&m;&JU xl;jcm;csuw f pfcyk aJ ygh/ t&Sio f m&dyw k (Å t&yfo;kH t&Sio f m&dyw k &Å m) rax&fukd vlb Y 0trnf ]Oywdó}eJY
rac:bJ ]om&dyw k }Å (om&D ykaPÖ;r&JUom;) vdYk ac:ovdyk gyJ/ t&Sirf [muóyrax&fvnf; vlb Y 0wke;f u ]ydyv Ü }d
uae&[ef;jzpfvmawmh ]uóy} &,fvYkd jzpfvmcJw h ,fr[kwv f m;/
trsm;tm;jzifah wmh bk&m;&Siaf wG? &[ef;awmfawG&UJ vlY b0trnfe?YJ bk&m;b0? &[ef;b0trnfawGu
wlnMD uwmrsm; ygw,f/ wcsKUd wavavmufyJ uGv J MJGuwmyg/ tckacwfrmS awmh jrefrmtrnf? odrYk [kwf oufqidk &f m
vlrsK;d trnfuae ygVdtrnfukd ajymif;vJrn S ahf c:MuwmrdYk vltrnfeYJ &[ef;trnfwjcm;pD jzpfaeMuygw,f/
tck OD;yOöi;f wdYk aexdik w f u hJ rÇm (b'úrÇm)rSm bk&m;ig;qlyiG w hf ,fqw dk m 'umausmu f kd Mum;zl;rSmyg/ tJ'b D &k m;
ig;ql&UJ bGUJ trnfukd ]uukoef? aumPm*kr?f uóy? a*gwr? t&darwÅ,s} vdyYk J oH;k EIe;f Muwmudk Munfjh cif;tm;jzifh
OD;yOöi;f wdYk jrwfpmG bk&m; &Si&f UJ bJUG trnf[m ]a*gwr} ygyJ 'umausmu f akd & ..../
'gayrJh av;pm;xdu k w f hJ ud, k rhf b
d ? ud, k q hf &morm;? ud, k hf aus;Zl;&Siaf wGukd rl&if;trnftwdik ;f ac:a0:oH;k pGjJ cif;
rjyKwm[m vl,Ofaus;awG&UJ "avhx;kH pHjzpfvYkd jrwfpmG bk&m;taMumif;ajym&if b,foal wmfaumif;urS ]a*gwr} vdYk
roH;k EIe;f Muygbl;/ bmom jcm; yk*Kd¾vaf wG? t,ltusihf rwlwhJ omoemy wdwad¦ wGuom ]a*gwr}? ]&[ef;a*gwr}
vdYk oH;k EIe;f Muwmyg/
Ak'¨bmom0ifawG? olawmfaumif; olawmfjrwfawGu awmh udk,fMunfndK&m *kPfawmfwpfckckeJY
jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f kd emrf pm;oH;k EIe;f Muygw,f/ toH;k trsm;qH;k uawmh ]Ak'}¨ ygyJ/ ]bk&m;} qdw k phJ um;vH;k udu k ]Ak'}¨ qdw k hJ
pum;vH;k uae tqifq h ifh a&GUavsm vmcJw h myg/
]Ak ' ¨ } qd k w m jrwf p G m bk & m;&S i f & J U *k P f y k ' f t rnf y gyJ / ]opö m av;yg;ud k ud k , f w d k i f o d j cif ; ?
olwpfyg;udv k nf;odatmifa[mEdik f jcif;} qkw d hJ *kPyf 'k af Mumifh tvdt k avsmufyikd q f ikd vf mwJh bGUJ trnf yg/
bk&m;yGiah f wmfr&l jcif;&JU t"du&nf&, G cf suu f k d vd&k if;wd&k iS ;f rD;armif;xd;k jyEdik w f mrkY d ]Ak'}¨ qdw k h J *kPyf 'k t f rnfeyY J J bk&m;&Siw f ik d ;f
udk &nfneT ;f oH;k EIe;f Muygw,f/
]Ak'}¨ qdw k hJ bJUG trnf[m OD;yOöi;f wdYk jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siw f pf qlwnf;&JU bJUG trnfr[kwyf gbl;/ yGijhfy;D ? yGiq hf ?J
yGiv hf wåUH jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sit f m;vH;k &JU bGUJ trnfjzpfygw,f/ OD;yOöi;f wdYk jrwfpmG bk&m; &Sif wpfqw l nf;eJo Y m oufqikd w f hJ
bGUJ trnfuawmh ]a*gwr} ygyJ/
'umausmu f Ykd ar;cGe;f rSm ygwJh ]ousrek }d qdw k muawmh ]ous} qdw k m omuD0ifrif;rsK;d ? ]rke}d qdw k m
opömav;yg;odo?l ESpcf ak ygif;vku d af wmh ousrek ?d 'gvnf; jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ *kPyf 'k f trnfygyJ/
jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ *kPyf 'k af wG (*kPaf wmfawG? t&nft csi;f awG) u toacst F eEÅ ra&rwGuEf ikd af tmif
rsm;jym;vSwmrdYk *kPyf 'k t f rnfawGvnf; jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sirf mS toacst F eEÅ ra& rwGuEf ikd af tmif rsm;jym;vSygw,f/
*kPyf 'k t f rnfwikd ;f &JU aemufu, G rf mS MunfnKd av;jrwfz, G ?f vduk ef mwkusizhf , G f t"dymÜ ,f tESpf awGu euf½idI ;f pGm
ude;f 0yfaewmrdYk ud, k phf w d "f mwfeYJ ud, k vhf yk &f yfukd toefpY ifq;kH ? tjrifjh rwfq;kH wnfaqmufvo dk w
l ikd ;f jrwfpmG bk&m;
&Sief YJ *kPyf 'k af wGukd ESv;kH om;xJrmS tNrw J rf; azmfxw k q f ifjcif aeoifyh gw,fvYdk ..../
tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/
«tifwmAsL;*sme,f?Mo*kw?f 22?2001»
t&Siq
y"med,*Fw&m;ig;yg;udk
a,m*D&t YJ m;ig;yg;vdhk
ac:Edkifygw,f/a,m*DrSef&if
,HkMunfrItm;?usef;rmrItm;
½dk;ajzmifUrItm;?&JY&ifUrItm;eJh
odjrifrItm;qdkwJU
tm;ig;yg;eJjh ynfUpk&H ygr,f/
t&Sib
f &k m; . . .
y"med,*Fw&m;ig;yg;eJY jynfph &kH if ntm;xkwf reuf w&m;&Edik w
f ,f? reuftm;xkwf nw&m;&Ekid wf ,fvYkd
q&mawmf wpfyg; a[mxm;wm zwfz;l ygw,fb&k m;? y"med,*Fw&m;ig;yg; udk rodí ajzMum;ay;awmfryl gbk&m;/
armifjrpfajc? &efuek jf rKd U/
'umarmifjrpfajca& ....
'umjrpfajc&JUar;cGe;f udk zwfvu kd &f w,fq&kd ifyJ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siv f ufxufwek ;f u xif&mS ;ausmMf um;cJw h hJ qifp;D
cRe;f udik yf nm&Sif ]aAm"drif;om;}udk csucf si;f owd&vdu k rf yd gw,f/
aAm"drif;om;u ol&Y UJ qGr;f auR;yGw J pfcrk mS oHCmtm;vH;k qGr;f bkO;f ay;tjy;D jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f kd ar;cGe;f wpfck
ar;avQmufz;l ygw,f/
]jrwfpmG bk&m; ....? jrwfpmG bk&m;vdk q&mrsK;d &JU tqH;k trudk &wJh &[ef;wpfyg;taeeJY b,favmufMumMum
tm;xkw&f if t&[wÅzv kd w f &m;xl;&Edik yf govJb&k m;? &[EÅmjzpfzYkd tcsed f b,f avmufMumygovJb&k m;}
]rif;om;a& ....? 'Dae&mrSm oifu h kd igbk&m; jyefar;yg&ap? oifEpS o f ufovdak jzaygh/ oifrif;om;u
qifp;D cRe;f udik t f wwfrmS wpfzufurf;cwf uRr;f usiw f ,fr[kwv f m;}
]rSev f yS g? uRr;f usiyf gw,fb&k m;}
]'gqd&k if vlwpfa,muf qifp;D cRe;f ukid t f wwfoifcsiv f Y k d oifq
h aD &mufvmw,fqyk d gawmh? olu oift h ay:rSma&m
twwf ynmtay:rSma&m ,HkMunfrIr&Sdbl;? tema&m*guvnf; rsm;vdkuf ao;w,f? r½kd;rom;eJY
[efaqmifvn S yhf wfwwfvu kd w f muvnf; rajymygeJaY wmh? 'DMum;xJ vHv k 0D&,
d uvnf; r&Sw d t
hJ jyif ÓPf uvnf;
enf;ao;w,fav? uJ .... tJ'v D l oifq h rD mS qifp;D cRe;f udik f twwf wwfajrmufEikd yf ghrvm;}
]jrwfpmG bk&m; rdeMYfum;wJh t*Fgig;csux f uJ wpfcsucf suf eJjY iad ew,fq&kd ifuykd J tJ'v D l qifp;D cRe;f udik t f wwf
rwwfEikd af wmh ygbl;/ t*Fgig;csuv f ;kH eJrY sm; jiad evdu Yk awmh b,frmS qdzk , G &f m&Sd ygawmhrvJb&k m;}
]vlwpfa,mufuawmh ,Hv k nf; ,HMk unfw,f? use;f vnf; use;f rmw,f? [efaqmifvn S yhf wfjcif;vnf;
uif;w,f? vHv k 0D&, d vnf; Mu;D rm;wJt h jyif ÓPfvnf;xufjrufw,f? tJ'g qd&k ifa&m}
]tJ'gqd&k ifawmh t*Fgwpfcsucf suef jYJynfph &kH ifuykd J qifp;D cRe;f udik t f wwfrmS uRr;f usio f mG ;Edik yf gw,fb&k m;?
t*Fgig;csuv f ;kH eJo Y m jynfph v kH u Ykd awmh twdik ;f xuftvGeaf yghb&k m;}
]tJ'v D ykd gyJ rif;om; ....? &[ef;wpfyg;[m ,HMk unfrv I nf; &Srd ,f? use;f rma&;vnf; aumif;r,f?
[efaqmifvn S yhf wfjcif;vnf; uif;r,f? vHv k 0D&, d vnf; Mu;D r,f? ÓPfynmvnf; xufjrufr,fq&kd if igbk&m;&JU
tqH;k trtwdik ;f usiv hf Ykd tMumqH;k ckepfEpS ?f tjrefq;kH wpf&uftwGi;f rSm t&[wÅzv kd wf &m;xl; &Edik yf g w,f?
&[EÅmjzpfEikd yf gw,f}
]wpf&ufqdkwm tomxm;vdkufygOD;? t*Fgig;csufeJYjynfh pHkwJh &[ef;u igbk&m; qHk;rwJhtwdkif;
tm;xkwv f ukd rf ,fq&kd if ntm;xkwf reufw&m;&Ekid yf gw,f? reuftm;xkwf nw&m;&Edik yf gw,f}
t&Siq
ur®|mef;w&m; yGm;rsm;tm;xkww f yh J *k Kdv¾ af wG&UJ oEÅmef rSmjynhpf &k H r,fh t*Fg&yfawGuk d y"med,*Fw&m;vdaY k c:ygw,f/
y"m ed, = ur®|mef;tm;xkwo f ?l t*F = t*Fg? y"med,*F = ur®|mef; tm;xkwo f \ l t*Fg/
y"med,*Fw&m;ig;yg;udk ]a,m*D&UJ tm;ig;yg;} vdYk ac: Edik yf gw,f/ a,m*DreS &f if ,HMk unfrt I m;? use;f rmrItm;?
½d;k ajzmifh rItm;? &J&ifrh t I m;eJY odjrifrt I m;qdw k hJ tm;ig;yg;eJY jynfph &kH ygr,f/
],HMk unfrt I m;} qdw k muawmh jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sief YJ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ w&m;awmftay:rSma&m? ud, k &hf UJ yg&rD
"mwfct H ay:rSmyg tjynft h 0 ,HMk unfpw d cf sjcif;ygyJ/
]jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si[ f m trSew f &m;udk ud, k w f ikd vf nf;odjy;D olwpfyg;udv k nf;odatmif a[mEdik w f ,f?
jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ w&m;awmf[m vdu k ef musio h f ;k H oluk d trSew f u,f aumif;usK;d jyK Edik w f ,f? ighrmS w&m;awmfeY J xdu k w f efwh J
yg&rD"mwfcH aumif;aumif;&Sw d ,f} vdYk pdwcf svufcs ,HMk unfwo hJ rl o S m ur®|mef;tm; xkwrf I xda&mufEikd yf gw,f/
]use;f rmrItm;} qdw k muawmh tema&m*g Mu;D Mu;D us,f us,af &m? ao;ao;i,fi,fyg uif;&Si;f jy;D ud, k cf pH rG ;f tm;
awmifh wif;cdik rf maejcif;ygyJ/ 0rf;rD; rxufveG ;f ç rEkv HY eG ;f bJ tv,ftvwf jzpfae&ygr,f/ 0rf;rD;xufveG ;f &if
cPcPqmjy;D 0rf;rD; Ekv YH eG ;f &if tpmraMuwJt h wGuf w&m;tm;xkw&f mrSm pdwt f aESmifh t,Sujf zpfwwfygw,f/
]½k;d ajzmifrh t I m;} qdw k muawmh ur®|mef;w&m;tay:rSm a&m? ur®|mef;q&mtay:rSmyg [efaqmifvn S yfh wfrI
uif;&Si;f jcif;ygyJ/ w&m;udk w&m;eJw Y al tmif tm;rxkwb f J [efaqmifyef aqmif vltxifMu;D atmif vkyaf er,f?
ur®|mef;q&mudv k nf; trSet f wdik ;f w&m;ravQmufbJ r[kwrf [wf vkyZf mwfcif;jy;D avQmufr,fq&kd if tJ'aD ,m*D[m
]ÓPfpOf} eJaY 0;jy;D ]nmpOf} eJyY J nm;&ygvdrrhf ,f/
]&J&ifrh t I m;} qdw k muawmh ur®|mef;tvkyf aESmifah ES;ysuf jym;oGm;apr,fh tysi;f "mwftm½krH eS o f rQukd &J&&J if&h ifh
&ifqdkifwGef;vSefEdkifjcif;ygyJ/ ]0D&d,} udkajymwmyg/ b,ftajctaersKd;rSmr qdk udk,fvkyf&r,fhtvkyfudk
aemufqw k &f yfwefrY ypfbJ &J&&J if&h ifh MuKd ;yrf;tm;xkwEf ikd rf S ud, k v f &kd myef;wdik uf kd qduk af &mufEikd yf gw,f/
]odjrifrt I m;} qdw k muawmh ½kyw f &m;? emrfw&m;awG&UJ tjrrJ jywf jzpfysuaf jymif;vJaewJh oabmobm0awGuk d
wpfqifh Mum;tod? MupH nfpw d u f ;l todeYJ r[kwb f J ud, k af wGUrsuaf rSmuf todeYJ ydik yf ikd Ef ikd Ef ikd f xd;k xGi;f odjrifEikd jf cif;ygyJ/
ud, k ½f rI w S v f u kd w f h J tm½k&H UJ jzpfysuo f abmudk odjrifjcif;eJt Y wl rdrEd v S ;k H om;rSm ude;f 0yfaewJh avmb? a'gopwJh udavom
tpdik t f cJawGuv kd nf; azmufczJG suq f ;D ypfEikd pf rG ;f &S&d ygr,f/ edAmÁ efta&mufyaYkd y;Edik af vmufatmif odjrifrt I m;aumif;rS
w&m;xl;w&m;jrwf &Edik yf gw,f/
tm;ig;yg;eJjY ynfph w kH hJ a,m*Dy*k Kd¾ v[ f m 0dyóemusiphf Ofukd jrwfpmG bk&m;nTeMf um;wJh enf;vrf;twdik ;f
wpfoa0rwdr;f vdu k ef m jyKusizhf aYkd wmh vkt d yfygw,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m;u 'Dv½dk yI gqdk ud, k uf [dv k ½kd rI ,f? jrwfpmG bk&m;u
[dv k ½kd yI gqdk ud, k u f 'Dv½dk rI ,fq&kd if awmh tm;ig;yg;eJY jynfph v kH nf; w&m;r&Edik yf gbl;/
a,m*Dtm; ig;yg;eJv Y nf; jynfph rkH ,f? r[mowdy|mef a'oemawmfrmS nTeMf um;xm;wJeh nf;vrf;twdik ;f vnf;
wdwu d s usvu kd ef mr,fq&kd ifawmh r*fzv kd ef Ad mÁ ef[m ud, k &fh UJ vufwpfurf; rSmyJ &Sad erSmyg/ yg&rDtEkt&ifah y: rlwnfjy;D
taES;eJt Y jrefawmh uGmrSmaygh/
wu,fawmh 'Dtm;ig;yg;[m ur®|mef;w&m;yGm;rsm;tm; xkww f t hJ vkyrf mS om vdt k yfwmr[kwyf gbl;/
b0wd;k wufaMumif; aumif;jrwfwhJ b,ftvkyrf sK;d rSmrqdk r&Srd jzpf vdt k yfygw,f/ b,ftvkyyf v J yk vf yk ?f ,HMk unfr?S
use;f rmrS? ½k;d ajzmifrh ?S &J&ifrh S (0D&, d &Srd )S ? odjrifrS (tajrmftjrifÓPf&rdS )S tJ't D vkyf atmifjrif wd;k wufEikd yf gw,f/
a,m*Dtm;ig;yg;eJY 0dyóemw&m; tm;xkw&f if owd? orm"d? ynmpwJh olawmfaumif;w&m; tm;awG
xGuaf y:vmyg w,f/ xGuaf y:vmwJh olawmfaumif;w&m;tm;awG pHcsed rf D jynh0f oGm;wJh wpfaeY edAmÁ efcsr;f omudk
rsuaf rSmufjyK&rSmygyJ/ ]tm;&Srd S tm;xkwyf g? tm;xkwrf S tm;xGuyf gw,f} vdYk ..../
tyÜrma'e orÜma'x
«tifwmAsL;*sme,f?pufwifbm?5?2001»
t&Siq
t&Sibf &k m; . . .
rm&fewfqo kd nfrmS oD;jcm;wnf&adS om ewfwpfyg; r[kwb
f J cE¨mud,
k &f dS tm½kiH g;yg;udk ac:jcif;jzpfonf[k
xifyg onf/ [kwrf [kwf ajzMum;ay;awmfryl gbk&m;/
armifpv H iG ?f r*Fvm'Hjk rKd Ue,f/
'umpHviG af & ....

'umpHviG &f UJ ar;cGe;f udzk wfvu kd &f w,fq&kd ifyJ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ *kPaf wmfrsm;pGmxJu ]Zde*kPaf wmf} udk
csucf si;f owd &vdu k rf yd gw,f/ ]Zde} qdw k m ]rm&fig;yg;ukd atmifjrifawmfral om jrwfpmG bk&m;} vdYk t"dymÜ ,f&ygw,f/
]bke;f awmfajcmufyg;eJY jynfph akH wmfral om jrwfpmG bk&m;} vkdY trsm;pk odxm;MuwJh ]b*0g*kPaf wmf} &JU
wjcm;t"dygÜ ,fwpfcu k awmh ]rm&fig;yg;udk atmifjrifawmfral om jrwfpmG bk&m;} ygyJ/
rm&fqw kd m ]rm&} qdw k hJ ygVduae qif;oufvmwJh ygVd oufjrefrma0g[m&wpfcyk g/ ]rm&} qdw k m ]aojcif;?
aoapjcif;} vdYk t"dymÜ ,f&ygw,f/ aowwfwo hJ abm? aoatmifowfwwf wJo h abmudk rm& (rm&f) vdYk ac:ygw,f/
] towform;} vdyYk J qdyk gawmh/ vlukd owfwhJ rm&fukd ]vlowform;}? pdwu f kd owfwhJ rm&fukd ]pdwo f wform;} vdYk
ac:Edik yf gw,f/
vluv k d nf; owf? pdwu f vk d nf; owfwwfwh J rm&fu ig;yg;&Syd gw,f/ a'0ykwrÅ m&f? udavorm&f? tbdocFg&rm&f?
cE¨rm&feYJ rpöKrm&fwyYkd gyJ/ a'0ykwrÅ m&fu ]ouf&rdS m&f} jzpfjy;D usew f hJ rm&fav;yg;uawmh ]oufrrhJ m&f} jzpfygw,f/
]a'0ykwrÅ m&f} qkw d m tm;vH;k odMuwJh rm&fewfom;udk ajymwmyg/ (a'0ykwÅ = ewfom;/) pwkr[m&mZf?
wm0wðom? ,mrm? wkow d m? edrm® e&wD? y&edrw d® 0o0wÅv D Ykd ewfjynfajcmuf xyf&w dS t hJ xJrmS txufq;kH ewfjynfjzpfwhJ
y&edrw d® 0o0wÅeD wf jynfu jzpfygw,f/
]rm&fewfrif;} vdYk olu Y kd ]rif;} wyfjy;D ajymMuayr,fh olu y&edrw d® 0o0wÅeD wfjynfukd pd;k rd;k tkycf sKy&f wJh
t"duy"meewfrif; Mu;D r[kwyf gbl;/ t"dutMu;D qH;k ewfrif;u ]0o0wÅeD wfrif;} &,fvYkd oD;jcm;&Syd gw,f/
rm&fewfuawmh tJ'eD wfjynf&UJ ]pifjyKd if rif;} vdYk ajym&rSmaygh/ ]olyek Af v kd ?f "m;jyAdv k }f vdYk ajym&ifvnf; & ygw,f/
]vlq;kd *kP d ;f acgif;aqmif} .... tJav ....]ewfq;kd *kP d ;f acgif; aqmif} vdaYk jym&if ydrk eS rf ,fxifygw,f/
]tzsuo f rm;*dP k ;f csKyMf u;D } ayghaemf/
rm&fewfu oH;k q,fw h pfbu kH kd ol&Y UJ ykid ef ufvYkd owfrw S f xm;ovdk avmuDtm½ku H mr*kPcf sr;f omawGuv kd nf;
ol&Y UJ ud,k f ydik yf pön;f awGvY k d ,lqxm;ygw,f/ umr*kPMfuKduw f o h J wÅ0gawG udak wmh ol&Y UJ bufawmfom;? ol&Y UJ ygwD0ifawGvY k d
todtrSwjf yKxm;ygw,f/
olyY ikd ef ufjzpfwhJ oH;k q,fw h pfbrkH mS olt Y oif;0ifjzpfwhJ owÅ0gawGukd olyikd yf pön;f jzpfwhJ avmuDtm½kH
umr*kPcf sr;f om awGeYJ cHpm;arGUaysmaf eMuwmyJ oljrifcsiyf gw,f/ oHo&musif vnfaMumif;tvkyaf wG vkyw f mudyk J
olEpS jf cKd ujf y;D oHo&mvGwf ajrmufaMumif;tvkyaf wGvyk w f mudak wmh olv;kH 0rabmrusygbl;/
&[ef;yk*Kd¾vyf jJ zpfjzpf? vly*k Kd¾vyf jJ zpfjzpf? yk*Kd¾vw f pfa,muf a,muf oHo&mjywfaMumif;tvkyv f yk jf yqD w kd meJY
rm&fewfu tJ'yD *k Kd¾vf tJ't D vkyf rvkyEf ikd af tmif aESmif, h u S zf suq f ;D awmhwmygyJ/
ol&Y UJ aESmif, h u S rf aI tmifjrifomG ;&if tJ'yD *k Kd¾vf oHo&mu rvGwaf wmhygbl;/ oHo&mu rvGw&f if b0rsm;pGm
xyfumxyf um ao&ygOD;r,f/ tJ'v D kd ao&wm[m rm&fewfaMumifjh zpfvYkd aoatmifvyk &f ma&mufwhJ rm&fewfukd
]rm& = rm&f = owfjzwf ol? n§O;f yef;ESyd pf ufo}l vdaYk c:ygw,f/
]udavorm&f} qdw k muawmh wpfaxmifih g;&m udav omw&m;awGukd ajymwmyg/ avmb? a'go? rmefrme?
£óm? rpä&, d tp&Sw d hJ udavomw&m;awG[m olwu Ykd kd vufcx H m;ol &JUpdwu f kd ylavmifatmif? npfErG ;f atmif?
yifyef;qif;&Jatmif n§O;f yef;ESyd pf ufwwfwt hJ wGuaf Mumifah &m? olw&Ykd adS eorQ oHo&m u rvGwb f J wpfaownf;
aoae&OD;rSm jzpfwt hJ wGuaf Mumifh a&m udavomw&m;awGukd ]rm& = rm&f} vdYk ac:ygw,f/
]tbdocFg&rm&f} qdw k muawmh jyKvyk t f m;xkwx f m;wJh ukov kd u
f ?H tukov kd u f aH wGuk d ajymwmyg/ (tbdocFg&
= jyKvyk t f m;xkwrf /I ) ukov kd u f aH Mumifh aumif;wJo h *k wdb0a&mufr,f/ tukov kd u f aH Mumifh raumif;wJh 'k*w ¾ b d 0
t&Siq
a&mufr,f/ b,fb0 yJa&mufa&muf? a&muf&mb0rSm ao&rSmjzpfwt hJ wGuf b0topf xyfjzpfapwJh ukov kd u f ?H
tukov kd u f ?H uHreS o f rQukd ]rm& =rm&f} vdYk ac:ygw,f/
]cE¨rm&f} qdw k muawmh ½kycf E¨mud, k Mfu;D ygyJ/ b,f½yk cf E¨m ud, k yf jJzpfjzpf? cE¨mydik &f iS u f k d y#doaE¨'u k ?© tdek m'kua© wGeY J
n§O;f yef; ESyd pf ufwwfwt hJ jyif aemufq;kH rSm aojcif;'kue© YJ tem;owfay; wJt h wGuf ½kycf E¨mud, k Mf u;D udk ]rm& = rm&f}vdYk
ac:ygw,f/
]rpöKrm&f} qdw k muawmh aojcif;w&m;ygyJ/ aojcif;w&m;[m aocgeD;owÅ0gudk a&m*ga0'em'Pfev YJ nf;
ESyd pf ufwwf? ouf&o dS ufro hJ aH ,mZOfawGeYJ cGcJ mG &r,ft h a&;awG;jy;D ylaqG;wJh pdwq f if;&Jr'I Pfev YJ nf; ESyd pf ufwwf?
vm;&m*wdaumif;zdYk raocsmvdYk ylyefwhJ aMumuf&UHG rI'Pfev YJ nf; ESyd pf ufwwfvYkd aojcif;w&m;udk ]rm& = rm&f} vdYk
ac:ygw,f/ olu, kd w f ikd uf u kd aoatmif owfwwfvv Ykd nf; ]rm& = rm&f} vdYk ac:ygw,f/
tJ'D rm&fig;yg;xJu wpfyg;wnf;aom ouf&rdS m&f jzpfwhJ rm&fewf[m olaexdik &f m y&edrw d® 0o0wÅD
ewfjynfuae vljY ynf udk cPcPqif;qif;vmjy;D jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f adk &m? jrwfpmG bk&m; &Si&f UJ wynfo h m;orD;awGuykd g
enf;vrf;trsK;d rsK;d eJY taESmift h ,Suf ay;avh&ydS gw,f/
jrwfpmG bk&m;tavmif;awmf awmxGuw f n hJ u ....
]toifrif;om;? awmrxGuyf geJ?Y aemufcek pf&ufMum&if pMum&wem qdu k yf gvdrrhf ,f/ toifrif;om;
pMumrif;jzpfawmhrmS av? tckvkd qHyifav;awG rnf;eufjy;D i,f&nfi,faoG; awmufyaewJt h csed q f w kd m umr*kPf
pnf;pdraf wG jred jYrf ed MYu f ;D cHpm; &if; jird ah f e&r,ft h csed af v rif;om;&JU? w&m;tm;xkww f ,fqw k d m tdrk if;&Gww f jG y;D avmurSm
oH;k r&wJt h &G,u f srS vky&f r,ft h vkyf r[kwv f m;? aemufaMumif;jyefvn S yhf g? awmrxGuyf geJ}Y
vdYk rm&fewfu wm;jrpfcyhJ gw,f/ (rm&fewf0g'udk MuKd uf wJv h al wG avmurSm trsm;Mu;D &Srd ,f xifyg&JU/)
jrwfpmG bk&m; bk&m;jzpfwt hJ cgrSmvnf; ....
]t&Sib f &k m;? t&Sib f &k m;[m bk&m;jzpfzY d k yg&rDawG jznfh cJw h m? tck bk&m;jzpfjyaD v? odp&mtm;vH;k tukeo f w
d b hJ 0
a&mufjy?D awmfjyaD ygh? bmjzpfvY k d jrKdUwum &GmtESY H vSnjhyf ;D w&m;a[mae OD;rSmvJ? ud, k u h f pd ö ud, k th f usK;d jy;D jyyD ?J y&deAd mÁ efpw H m
taumif;qH;k aygh? tckyJ y&deAd mÁ efpv H ukd yf gawmh}
vdYk rm&fewfu owÅ0gawG olyY ikd ef ufxu J vGwx f u G of mG ; rSm pd;k &drw f phJ wd ef YJ wdu k wf eG ;f cJyh gw,f/
rm&fewf[m tawG;tac:aumif;wJh yk*Kv ¾d w f pfa,muf vnf; jzpfavawmh olaESmif, h u S jf yq D &k d if trsm;tm;jzifh
oabm w&m;awG? 'óeawGeYJ pdw"f mwfppfqifa&;vkyjf y;D aESmif, h uS w f m rsm;ygw,f/ wapäo&l aJ ,mifaqmifjy;D
ajcmufveS w Yf mrsK;d ? qifMurf;a,mifaqmif? a>rMurf;a,mifaqmifjy;D jyL;wl;jyw J J ajcmufveS w Yf mrsK;d vnf; &Sad v&JU/
jrwfpmG bk&m; bk&m;jzpfr,fh naewke;f uawmh vuf½;Hk tm;? vufeuftm;? ppfonfAv dk yf g tjct H &Htm;awG
tMu;D tus,o f ;kH jy;D tjyif;txef aESmif, h u S cf yhJ gw,f/ rkew f ikd ;f vufeuf? rd;k vufeuf? ausmufcrJ ;kd vufeuf?
"m;vSrH ;kd vufeuf? rD;us;D rd;k vuf euf? jymylr;kd vufeuf? oJyrl ;kd vufeuf? nGeyf rl ;kd vufeuf? tarSmif wdu k v f ufeuf?
vufeufMu;D ud;k rsK;d ? aemufq;kH tPkjrLAk;H xuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm jyif;xefwhJ rd;k MuKd ;pufvufeuf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;[m bk&m;jzpfwahJ eYrmS yJ aAm"dyifeYJ a&Tyv’if rSm rm&fig;yg;udk t<uif;rJh atmifjrifawmfrcl yhJ gw,f/
a'0ykwrÅ m&f udak wmh arwÅmwefc;k d ? yg&rDawmfwefc;k d eJaY tmifjrifawmfrcl yh J g w,f/ udavomrm&feY J tbdocFg&rm&fuak d wmh
t&[wÅr*fwefc;kd eJY atmifjrifcyhJ gw,f/ cE¨rm&feYJ rpöKrm&fuakd wmh taMumif;jzpfwhJ udavorm&feYJ tbdocFg&rm&fukd
atmifjrifjcif;tm;jzifh atmif jrifcyhJ gw,f/
rm&fig;yg;rSm udavorm&fukd atmifEikd zf u Ykd t"duyg/ udavomuif;ae&if rm&fewf&efvnf; aMumufp&m
rvdak wmhyg bl;/ udavomuif;ae&if ukov kd uf ?H tukov kd u f v H nf; rjzpf awmhygbl;/ uHrrS &S&d if b0vnf; xyfrjzpf
awmhvYkd cE¨mvnf; r&awmhygbl;/ cE¨mr&rSawmh aojcif;w&m;eJv Y nf; &ifqikd pf &m rvdak wmhb;l aygh/
aumif;wmvky&f if aESmif, h u S cf siw f m rm&fewf&UJ tusihf p½du k yf g/ tckacwfrmS olwpfyg;aumif;wmvkyw f mudk
aESmif, h u S [ f efw Y m;wJo h ?l ouFe;f ta&jcKH jy;D avmuD0Zd mÆ *E¨m&Dtvkyv f yk o f ?l ax&0g'ppfppfxrJ mS [d0k g'a&mxnf?h
'D0g'a&mxnfeh YJ tkwaf &ma&m ausmufa&ma&m jzpfatmifvyk o f ?l omoemjyKvyk if ef; wd;k wufatmifjrifru I kd
t&Siq
aESmifah ES;atmif vkyo f al wGukd ]rm&fewfawG} vdYk wifpm;jy;D ac:Edik yf gw,f/ rm&fewfawGvYkd rwifpm;csib f ;l qdk &ifvnf;
]rm&fewf&UJ ygwD0ifawG} vdYk >cif;csurf &Sd owfrw S Ef ikd yf gw,f/
OD;Zif;&JU ]tcspu f aH cayr,fh tESpu f seaf p&r,f} qdw k hJ aqmif;yg; tifwmAsL;*sme,frmS ygvmjy;D aemufyikd ;f
wcsKUd vli,f awGu ]tcspt f aMumif;av;awG xyfa&;ygOD;} vkYd awmif;qdv k m Muygw,f/ wpfenf; ....tcReef YJ
0dik ;f r ç vmMuygw,f/
tck rm&fewftaMumif;ajym&if; pum;pyfvYkd ]tcsp}f udk t"dymÜ ,fwpfrsK;d zGiyhf g&ap/ tcspq f w kd m wPSm?
wPSmqdw k m udavom? udavomqdw k m rm&f? 'Dawmh tcsp[ f mvnf; rm&f yJaygh/ rm&fq&kd if owfawmhr,fav/ (
arwÅmudk &nfneT ;f wJt h cspf udk rqdv k yk d gbl;/ tJ't D cspu f awmh wpfzufom;&JU aumif;usK;d udk vdv k m;wJph w
d o f ufoufygyJ/
tck[mu wG,w f maESmifzUJG wJt h cspf udk qdv k w kd myg/)
]tcspq f wkd m ESv;kH om;eJb Y 0udk owfjzwfzsuq f ;D ypfwwfwhJ rm&fewfwpfyg;ygyJ/ jzLpifoef&Y iS ;f at;csr;f
Munfvifwph J w d f "mwfawG? tueft Y owfrh J b0wd;k wufraI wGuk d aESmifah ES;&yfwefY csKyq f ;k H oGm;apwJt h &m[m tcspyf gyJ}vdY k
t"dymÜ ,f zGiq h f &k d if tcspf rSm aysm0f ifepfjrKyw f rd ;f rl;axG,pfcsiw f h J tcspMfu;D olawG pdwrf sm; qd;k avrvm;/ ]aeq,fpif;xuf
jyif;w,f? rif; rm&fewfrif;&JUorD;vm;} qdw k hJ oDcsi;f pmom;&,f? ]rif; ighukd owfw,f} qdw k hJ oDcsi;f pmom;&,fukd
oGm;&if;vm&if; Mum;zl;ovdv k ykd gyJ/
rm&fewf&UJ tEÅ&m,fxuf rm&fpw d f ( udavompdw)f &JU tEÅ&m,fu ydjk y;D aMumufp&maumif;wmrdYk rm&fewfukd
wGe;f vSeEf ikd zf x Ykd uf rm&fpw d uf kd wGe;f jzKEd ikd zf uYkd ydjk y;D ta&;Mu;D ygw,fvYkd ..../
tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/
«tifwmAsL;*sme,f?pufwifbm?19?2001»
vlrIa&;r[kwfwJU
ukodkvfa&;udpörSeforQ
bmudpöaMumifUyJyifUyifU
yifUol&Sd&if
ckepf&uf0gyefjyD;
c&D;<uaumif;ygw,f/
t&Sib
f &k m; . . .
0gwGif;rSm &[ef;omraPrsm; c&D;oGm;cGifh r&Sdbl;vkdY Mum;zl;ygw,fbk&m;/ 'gayrJh 0gwGif;MuD;
c&D;oGm;vmaeMuwJh &[ef;awmfrsm;udv
k nf; jrifawGaY e&ygí em;rvnfEikd yf gaom aMumifh oHo,&Si;f atmif
ajzMum;ay;awmfryl gbk&m;/
armifbek ;f jrif?h vomjrKd Ue,f/
'umbke;f jrifah & ....

'umbke;f jrif&h UJ ar;cGe;f udk zwfvu
k d &f w,fq&k d ifyJ 0gwGi;f oH;k vjzpfay:vmyHo
k rkid ;f aMumif;udk csucf si;f owd&vdu
k f
rdygw,f/ 0gqdpk &m 0gwGi;f oH;k v&,fvYkd jrwfpmG bk&m;ynwfcsurf xkwaf o; cifumvawGwek ;f u &[ef;awmfawG[m
aEGr;kd aqmif; Owko;kH yg; vH;k taMumif;ay:&if ay:ovdk c&D;oGm;vmavh&MdSuygw,f/&[ef;awmfrsm; tcdserf a&G;?
Owkra&G; c&D;oGm;vmaeMuwmudk vl0wfaMumifawGu uJ&h UJ ½Iwcf sMuygw,f/
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]'D&[ef;awGu bmjzpfvYkd Owko;kH yg;vH;k c&D;oGm;vmae Mu&wmvJ? rd;k wGi;f c&D;oGm;awmh pdr;f pdak ewJh jrufyifi,f?
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bk&m; ....bk&m; .... em;&Sv d o Ykd m Mum;&w,f .... r,HEk ikd pf &m ygyJvm; ....? 'Dpum;rsK;d
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oufowfvw G f pm;aeMuolawGuo kd m &nf&, G jf y;D rdeaYf wmfrMl uwmyg/
'umrsK;d OD;a& ....
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rdwaf qGtcsi;f csi;f awGUqHv k Ykd wpfa,mufew YJ pfa,muf ar;MuajymMuwJt h cgrSmyJjzpfjzpf ....
]bmoma&;taeeJY bmawGvyk jf zpfv}J
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]0gwGi;f oH;k vwdik ;f oufowfvw G pf m;ygw,f}
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rxm;bl;}vdYk qdv k ykd gw,f/
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vmwJh &[ef;awmf wpfyg;udk q&mawmfMu;D u ....
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t&Siq
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iJjh y;D oufowfvw G f bkO;f ay;awmfrMl uwmyg/
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tvkyf vkyEf ikd rf ,fr[kwv f m;/ use;f rmwJh cE¨mud, k ef YJ ukov kd t f vkyf vkyf &if ukov kd wf &m; wd;k yGm;jy;D tukov kd f
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tukov dk jf zpfw,fvYkd qdv k w kd mr[kwyf gbl;/
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&uftueft Y owfeYJ oufowfvw G pf m;aewJh vli,f 'umwpfa,mufukd ]oufowfvw G pf m;wm bm
tusK;d xl;vJ} vdYk ar;Munfah wmh ....
]oufowfvw G pf m;wm ig;yg;oDv vHw k ,f? ig ouf owfvw G pf m;aew,fqw kd hJ todejYJcifutp r½ku d f
jzpfawmhb;l ? pum;udv k nf; vdrn f mjy;D rajymjzpfawmhb;l ? txl;ojzifh t&uf? bD,mvH;k 0raomufjzpfawmhb;l ?
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tjrnf;awGeY J t&uf? bD,m aomufaeMuwJh oufowfvw G f t&uform;awGvnf; trsm;Mu;D &Syd gw,f/ oufowfvw G f
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wjcm;vl wpfa,muftwGuaf wmh tJ'v D kd jzpfcsirf jS zpfrmS yg/ oufowfvw G f pm;jy;D ig;yg;oDvrvHw k o hJ al wG
trsm;Mu;D &Syd gw,f/
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uk, d pf rG ;f Edik o f avmuf tcsed u f efo Y wfjy;D oufowfvw G pf m;wm obm0usygw,f/ (rpm;&bl;vdrYk qdyk gbl;uG,/f )
oufowfvw G pf m;pm;? rpm;pm; ukov kd pf w d af rG;Edik w f o hJ ?l ukov kd t f vkyf vkyjf zpfwo hJ al wGuawmh ]oufowfvw G rf }S
&,fvdYk a&G;cs,af cs;rsm; (*s;D rsm;) aep&mrvdb k J &&mtpm;tpmudk tqifoifo h vdk tukef pm;oH;k Edik yf gw,f/
bk&m;? &[EÅmawG? oDv? orm"d? ynmeJY jynfph w kH o hJ l awmfaumif;? oljrwfavmif;Mu;D awG tom;ig;
a&SmifMuOfawmf rrlMuwmudk Munfjhcif;tm;jzifh tom;ig; pm;½ko H ufoufeY J tuk odv k f rjzpfEik d b f ;l qdw k m xif&mS ;jy;D om;yg/
tom;ig; a&Smifwm olawmfaumif; tusiv hf , Ykd q l &if rdpmä 'd|d jzpfaMumif; ]tmr*E¨ okweÅ }f rSm jrwfpmG bk&m;
wdu k ½f ukd af [mMum;xm;ygw,f/
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t&Siq
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oifyh gw,f/
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owfxm; wm? igpm;zdYk &nf&, G jf y;D owfxm;wm} vdjYkrifc&hJ if? odrYk [kwf Mum;cJ&h if? odrYk [kwf ,Hrk mS ;oHo,jzpfc&hJ if tJ'D
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tukov dk jf zpfygw,f/
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tmywfoifjh y;D tukov dk jf zpfyg w,f/
tom;Mu;D q,frsK;d uawmh ]vl? acG;? jrif;? qif? usm;? usm;opf? jcaoF?h 0H? atmif;? a>r} wd&Yk UJ tom;awGygyJ/
tom;udo k m rpm;aumif;wmr[kwyf gbl;/ olw&Ykd UJ t½k;d ? ta&? taoG;? tarG; bmudrk S toH;k rjyKaumif;ygbl;/
(qifp, G yf w k ;D ? pyg;Mu;D onf;ajcaq; ponfwu Ykd kd &[ef;awmfrsm; vH;k 0 roH;k aumif;yg) toH;k jyK&if tmywfoifjh y;D
oH;k wdik ;f oH;k wdik ;f tukov kd w
f &m; wd;k yGm;ygw,f/
oufowfvw G yf J pm;pm;? MuKH &m&&myJpm;pm;? ta&;t Mu;D qH;k uawmh pdwaf umif;&Szd ?Ykd olawmfaumif;tvkyf
vkyEf ikd zf eYkd YJ b0oHo&m0#fqif;&Ju tjy;D wdik v f wG af jrmufzyYkd gyJ/ ]MuKd u&f ma&G; pm; vliY EGm;} rjzpfapbJ? ]oif&h mpm;ol
vlxY ufv}l jzpfapzdu Yk t"duygyJ ....'umrsK;d OD;a& ..../
tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/
«tifwmAsL;*sme,f?Ed0k ifbm?7ESi14? hf 2001»
t&Sib f &k m; ....

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r[kwf ajzMum; ay;awmfryl gbk&m;/
OD;at;ouf? oxHjk rKd U/
'umMu;D OD;at;oufa& ....
jy;D cJw
h hJ Zefe0g&Dv(9)&ufaeYu y&d,wÅpd moifwu kd wf pf ckrmS jyKvyk w f hJ OD;Zif;&JU arG;aeYtvSLyJuG kd ig;xyfurG ;f
tu,f'rD 'um&efatmif a&mufvmcJyh gw,f/ jrefrmh½yk &f iS o f rdik ;f rSm wpfO;D wnf;om&Sad o;wJh trsK;d om;Zmwfaqmif
tu,f'rDqik g;qk&iS f 'um&efatmifukd ....
]xrif;0ifpm;jy;D jyv D m;? 'um&efav;MuKd uw f hJ 0ufom; [if;vnf; ygw,fav} vdaYk jymawmh olu ....
]wynfah wmf tck 0ufom;a&Smifxm;w,fb&k m;? t&rf;0aevd}Yk
vdYk &,f&,farmarm jyefajymygw,f/
cgwdik ;f 0ufom;pm;aeus a&Tyg&rDausmif;'umMu;D OD;&Sed 0f if;udv k nf; ck&ufyikd ;f 0ufom;a&SmifaewmawGUvdYk
taMumif;&if;ar;Munfah wmh ....
]wynfah wmf cE¨mud, k x
f rJ mS tqD"mwfawG odyrf sm;aevdYk a&Smifwmygbk&m;? rpm;rjzpfwhJ tajctaersK;d
MuKH &ifawmh enf; enf;yg;yg; pm;ygw,f}
vdYk jyefajzygw,f/
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hJ wdik ;f vlawG&UJ tMuKd uf uvnf; trsK;d rsK;d uGjJ ym;aeygw,f/ wpfO;D eJw Y pfO;D
tMuKd ucf si;f rwlnMD uygbl;/ 0ufom;MuKd uw f v hJ l &So
d vdk 0ufom;rMuKd uw f hJ vlvnf; &Syd gw,f/ 0ufom;pm;½keH YJ
tukov kd jf zpfroGm;ovdk 0ufom;a&Smif½eHk v YJ nf; ukov kd &f roGm;ygbl;/
0ufom;rMuKd uv f Ykd 0ufom;a&Smifoal wG&o dS vdk 0ufom; MuKd u&f ufom;eJY cE¨mud, k ef YJ rwnfv
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t&Siq
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toH;k csvu kd w f mygyJ/
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