Altair Engineering, Inc.

Confidential and Proprietary

 Flux™ 2018 Release Notes

Reference Date: January 31th, 2018

Version: Flux 2018

Introduction The Release Note document gives some useful information on the release of
version 2018 of Flux. It is a technical document in addition to the New
features document installed with Flux at the following path
C:\Program Files\Altair\2018\flux\Flux\DocExamples\UserGuide\English\
01_New_Features_2018.pdf

The Release Note describes the version at the time of its release. It gives the
essential information, the limitations, the main improvements, the main fixes,
and the main dysfunctions identified, as well as complementary elements of
support.

Contents This document contains the following topics:

Topic See Page

List of new Features of Flux 2018 2
Essential Information 10
Improvements and main fixes 11
Limitations and warnings 15
About external software – supported version 17
About protection and installation 18
Focus on the new Bertotti model modified 20

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List of new Features of Flux 2018

Introduction This is the list of new features of Flux 2018 version:

Environment New features dealing with Environment:

New features Comment
Installation via Anywhere is the installer used by the HyperWorks suite.
InstallAnywhere This feature prepares for the addition of and integration of Flux in the
Altair HyperWorks suite
Special characters New special characters are allowed in the Flux installation directory, in
authorized : space, the names of Flux projects, import/export files,… in the names of
brackets and directories containing the Flux projects, the import/export files, …
square brackets These new special characters are:
. the space " "
. the opening parenthesis "("
. the closing parenthesis ")"
. the opening square bracket "["
. the closing square bracket "]"
Flux Starting New interface for introduction of Flux for new user to show:
Guide - Some examples (pdf and video)
- The modeling process of Flux (video)
- The environment (Supervisor, Flux…) (video) …

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Supervisor option By default, a refresh of the tree view is done every 5 second, to update all
« Minimal tree modification of folder and their content on your local computer. However,
view refresh » if you work on a shared network disc, this automatic refresh could
introduce a slowness of the supervisor. To solve this problem, we have
implemented a new option in the supervisor : Minimal tree view refresh
If you select it, the refresh will be done only on the selected working
directory. It should solve the problem of slowness.
So if you work on a network disc and/or if you have problem of slowness
of the supervisor, try to select this option and give us your feedback.

« How to .. » The “best practices” are called now “How to”…

document I still exists old format “Best pratices”, but its will be converted in “How
to…” for next versions.
The aim of “How to…”is to give advices on specific applications.
These documents are available
 in the supervisor (click on and click on Pdf documentation.)
 and in https://connect.altair.com
« How to… » Description
Flux-Optistruct This specific document gives the optimal workflow to follow in HyperMesh,
coupling Flux and OptiStruct to make the NVH analysis on a motor.
New command line option -executeBatchSpyAndExit. To make Flux™
Launch Flux via
execute a python script with no graphical refresh and ensure to exit even
command line
when an error occurs.
Mesh import The steps and advices to export the mesh from SimLab and then to import it
Simlab in Flux are described.
Mesh import The steps and advices to export the mesh from HyperMesh and then to import
HyperMesh it in Flux are described.
Using Flux™ 2018 with PBS enables computing multiple solutions in
Using Flux with
parallel. Each solution can be sequential, parallelized or distributed,
PBS
depending on the solver used.

Continued on next page

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 Flux PEEC New features dealing with Flux PEEC (only available under Altair’s
HyperWorksUnit (HWU) licensing):
New features Comment
Flux PEEC InCa3D, which was previously delivered to customers as a standalone
software, is now a module of Flux in addition to the historic ones: 2D,
3D and Skew. The new module is called PEEC and it can be easily
launched from the Flux supervisor.
All the functionalities of the InCa3D previous version (named 3.1) are
preserved and included in the new Flux PEEC module.

Export of Flux PEEC was historically able to compute Lorentz forces acting on
Lorentz/Laplace metallic conductors and display results as arrows and color shaded
forces maps, as well as provide some “average” values in numerical formats.
Flux 2018 version extends this functionality and opens the doors to a
coupled magnetic-structural simulation workflow for power connection
systems. In fact, the DC component (also called average component) of
the Lorentz/Laplace force densities can be computed by Flux PEEC on
an imported list of points and then exported to be read by structural-
simulation tools. DEX format, already implemented inside other Flux
modules, is used for such exchanging files.
Multiphysics To include temperature effects in AC steady-state magnetic simulations
analysis for Flux performed with Flux PEEC, co-simulation with Flux 3D (permanent
PEEC thermal application) is now available by means of a dedicated
multiphysics context. Flux PEEC provides loss densities to Flux 3D
which computes temperatures. They are taken into account by Flux
PEEC which modifies resistivity of materials accordingly and stops the
process once the convergence is reached.

Continued on next page

Altair Engineering, Inc. Confidential and Proprietary 4

 Physics New features dealing with Physics:

New features Comment

New Bertotti A new iron losses model has been implemented, called “Modified Bertotti”
Model to calculate iron losses on a laminated region. This model comes from the
old Bertotti model.
There are no more assumptions for the exponents of the Bertotti model
since the version 11.2 of Flux. In this case, the model is not coherent
between AC steady state and transient applications. This new model attends
to correct it.
More details in page Focus on the new Bertotti model modified

New region The laminated magnetic region was available only in, magneto static and
Laminated in transient magnetic. Now in Flux 2018, this region is also available in
SSACM steady state AC magnetic.

AV formulation The AV formulation (vector potential) has been implemented in Static,

Steady State and Transient 3D magnetic applications.
Contrarily to T-Phi formulation, the AV formulation needn’t electric or
magnetic cut.


  
   A     
  
   
cur l  0  r  cur l A     grad (V )   cur l (T0 )  cur l  0  r  rot A j  cur l ( ( Br ))
 t 

Continued on next page

Altair Engineering, Inc. Confidential and Proprietary 5

 Solver New features dealing with Solver:
New features Comment
Parallel Up to date optimized
Computing version of MUMPS
(OPENMP and available for Flux allowing
MPI with parallel computing on
MUMPS) personal computers and
clusters. As this feature
only affects linear system
resolution, parallel
efficiency strongly
depends on the project size
and the non-linear
convergence. Best results
will be obtained with few non-linear
iterations involving large linear
systems to be solved.
Parallel computing on several nodes,
using MUMPS distributed, will
significantly reduce the computation
time if the linear system to solve is
large enough (size > 4 million degrees
of freedom).
On smaller linear systems (300 000 < size < 4 million degrees of freedom),
parallel computing on a single node, using MUMPS local can be preferred.
On Flux 2D and small linear system, parallel computing may not be
efficient and sequential computation is advised.
PBS integration Using Flux™ 2018 with
(Parallel PBS enables computing
Computing and multiple solutions in
batch mode) parallel. Each solution can
be sequential, parallelized
or distributed, depending
on the solver used.
An Appdef for PBS is
available on demand.

Continued on next page

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 Co-simulation / New features dealing with Flux co-simulation and coupling:
coupling

New features Comment

More flexibility in Many improvements have been done in
the HM/SimLab Flux concerning the HyperMesh and
import SimLab mesh import feature.
The main improvements are:
 Possibility to launch the command
“complete infinite box” after a mesh
import
 Improvements on the coil management
(for the orientation, solving and
postprocessing, etc.)
 Improvements on rotative mechanical set
management, for rotative machines mainly
(automatic nodes projection on the sliding surface)
 Improvements on the graphical picking postprocessing commands (point
computation, path, etc.)
 Possibility to import surface and volume mesh elements. It allows mainly
to import a shell and its surrounding air box.

Improvements on  The format of Nastran import has been improved to be compatible with
Vibro-acoustics OptiStruct
analysis  Possibility to export temporal forces
 Management of motor multi-speed analysis
 Postprocessing enhancements (Nodal force evolution depending on
time/frequency, forces resultant arrows)

Export for  Static magnetic forces export for mechanical constraints analysis
mechanical  Laplace forces export for conductors deforming simulations
analysis The test has been exclusively done with OptiStruct

Altair Engineering, Inc. Confidential and Proprietary 7

New Multiphysics This new I/O context allows generalizing methods of weak couplings
context (Beta between another software and Flux.
version) The context allows :
 defining a support (starting from Flux entities or by mesh import)
 defining methods of computing to collect data on this support for steps of
the scenario. (this definition could be done before the solving)
 easy visualization of the collected data
 exporting data to another software (OptiStruct/Nastran/AcuSolve) or in a
tabulated file (columns are defined by the user)

In Flux 2018, this context is available only in advanced mode and is a

beta version. We propose this context to have a feedback. We will
consolidate it in the next version.
Because this is a beta version, it may lead to the generation of Flux files
and python files that will not be compatible with next version.
Potentially some structures (so python command) will be change.

Altair Engineering, Inc. Confidential and Proprietary 8

Essential Information

Essential Essential information about the Flux version Flux2018:

information
Essential information
For Flux 2018 the user has the possibility to be protected:
• either by Legacy protection: FlexNet protection (only Windows)
• either by "HWU" protection (Windows and Linux)
This double possibility of protection will continue for some versions.
In order to use the version HWU, you need:
 HW license file Version 18.0
 License Manager-LMX Version 13.3
Flux 2018 is available for Windows and Linux OS:
 Window 7, Windows 10
 Red Hat and CentOS 6.6/7.2
 SLES 11 SP3, SLES 12 SP1
For the Legacy licensing system, the Flux installer for Windows was created using the NSIS
software (same as for the previous versions).
See Flux "Legacy Licensing" installation guide for Windows
There is no longer any Linux legacy version.
Information for legacy users:
As part of your warranty, leasing or maintenance contract, you can download Flux 2018 from
AltairConnect (after to have created an account)
https://connect.altair.com/CP/downloads.html?suite=Flux
Flux 2018 takes into account a lot of user feedback, and more than 100 issues have been solved
in this version.
Distributed computing with MPI is available in Flux for Windows and Linux and can be used
with PBS. However, qualification on Windows cluster connected with Infiniband has not
been done and Linux clusters is highly recommended for parallel computing.
The new feature “Flux starting guide” is only available in Windows (not in Linux).
The merge of InCa3D in Flux (called Flux PEEC) is done only in Windows. So Flux PEEC is
not available in Linux version.
It is now possible to install Flux in Windows or Linux without admin right with limited
functionalities.
It is no longer possible to use the library « jxl » for Excel export for legal reasons. To replace
it, please use “poi 3.12”
Minimum memory necessary :
 For Flux 2D : 8Go of RAM
 For Flux 3D, Skew and PEEC : 12 Go of RAM
SPEED import is not available with Flux 2018 version. Please use a previous Flux version to
import your SPEED file.

Altair Engineering, Inc. Confidential and Proprietary 9

Improvements and main fixes

Issue This new version consolidates the previous version. The main improvements
corrections and corrections are listed in the table below. For this version, the consequent
number of fixed issues is around 100 issues.

Improvements Some improvements are listed on the table below.

ID Short description of the problem

FX-9912 Flux display an erro message when I try to import a step file?
Simple assembly makes Flux crash with an Solidworks CAD
FX-9859
import.
Impossible to import and solve a rotating machine from nastran
FX-9736
import
FX-9526 impossible to import in 3D a 2D project
Modeler: It was not possible to delete objects after import of the
CAD import FX-9480
attached CAD file
FX-9130 Can not import a STEP file in Flux 12.2 RC2?
FX-8689 Problem of simplification during a CAD import
Impossible to mesh this geometry because of small faces created
FX-7944
during the import CAD.
FX-7646 Import A PCB in the coordinate system created by default
FX-10091 Flux2D exports don't work for this case
FX-9917 No exist line taken into account in the geometry
FX-9860 Impossible to orient a line with geometric discretization
Geometry
No error message when you create a symmetry with offset with an
FX-9539
infinity box
FX-9320 Flux don't take into acount of Inch unit when we create the Overlay
Overlay
FX-9024 Assign volume region in the overlay PM is not correct
FX-9704 Impossible to convert this geometry into Modeler object
In this project in the modeler bug when we try to rotate the
FX-9343
import_object_1
modeler Unexpected behavior of a Flux geometry build with the modeler
FX-10310
when we change a parameter
In modeler, when building geometry, intermediate faces are created
FX-10302
and not deleted (leading to problem when meshing)
FX-9842 in 2D sketcher, impossible to duplicate a specific geometry
sketcher The reference plane coordSys cannot be aligned at the referenced
FX-9832
local CS

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 On failure of meshing flux process hangs

This is with related to Flux and HyperStudy connection. It is

FX-9882 observed that if HyperStudy changes Flux parameter in such a way
that mesh generation fails then Flux 3D hangs. One can see Flux is
Mesh throwing exception but HyperStudy's Flux jython script don't
receive it.
impossible to mesh lines, probably due to skewed faces with
FX-9802
periodicity
FX-10187 Impossible to mesh after deletion of a line in the sketcher
FX-9925 When I try to orient the mesh of line Flux display an error message
Mesh Import impossible to open solved project when it's mesh import from HM
FX-9962
or Simlab
FX-10398 Problem to import this Simlab meshing
FX-9884 Spatial magnet gives wrong results in Flux 12.3.1
Problem with a electric cut on this project. The problem concern the
FX-9839
orientation of line.
Physics Problem with spatial parameter to defined temperature of radiative
FX-9538
region to infinite
FX-9537 Wrong AV formulation used with circuit
FX-10430 Problem with FTS initialisation
Error when exporting out of Flux 12.3 into Optistruct in Optistruct
FX-9970
and Nastran formats.
FX-9805 ZMLONG with nastran import gives incorrect geometry
FX-9709 import nastran doesn't manage 2nd order
FX-9708 import nastran doesn't take "SET" into account
FX-9533 Error with nastran import of meshed coil
Vibro-acoustic coupling with OptiStruct
Actually in Flux, there is no coupling Flux and OS. It can be done
with the coupling to Nastran method but using Patrick macro to
modify the exported bulk file to .FEM file, this one can be read by
Nastran OptiStruct.
FX-8840
But this coupling is only available for rotating machines. It will be
interesting to adapt the LMS method to OptiStruct, by this way we
can make vibro-acoustic study to the transformers for example.
It will be interesting also, to adapt the LMS method to export
Laplace forces to OptiStruct, but also to LMS and dat file
FX-10173 Export for AcuSolve, problem with the Nastran file
The file exported from Vibroacoustic environnement with ".NAS"
FX-10029
extension is wrong due to "TABLED2"
export for AcuSolve : crash when we export losses in .NAS
FX-10505
acusolve file format.

Altair Engineering, Inc. Confidential and Proprietary 11

 FX-9753 Impossible to launch distributed computing with CDE
Distribution
FX-9523 CDE connection issue of flux12.2 and flux12.3 beta1
scenario definition gives an error
a definition of scenario with gamma from -101 to 0 with a "list of
FX-9991
steps" including -50 value gives an error.
It doesn’t make any sense apparently.
FX-9956 Problem during solving of 3D project
FX-9804 Impossible to solve this MH project with electric cuts
FX-9783 In data table export, manage non solved or failed steps
Impossible to solve a project with periodicity driven by geometric
FX-9765
parameter and 2nd order element meshing
Solving FX-9705 Error message during solving with surface impedance
Flux continues the solving of the problem despite the system does
FX-9482
not converge.
FX-9375 Strange behavior of this MH-TT project during the solving
In this project bug when we activate the option FE method with
FX-7896
facet J0
FX-10460 Punctual coil region does not solve in 2D with circuit context
Flux display an error message when I try to solve the Flux project
FX-10202 with three mechanical sets (two rotors: imposed speed and coupled
load and one stator).
With this project difference between results in magnetostatic and
FX-9733
transient magnetic
FX-9510 Flux display a negative value of temperature.
FX-9304 different result on IM motor between 2D, 3D and 3D extruded
FX-8696 Bad movement of magnet in 3D
Wrong computation of Br and B in case of spatial magnet with X, Y
FX-8557
dependance
Results In this project the option computation of the T0 by mechanical sets
FX-8451
change abnormally the value of the force
FX-7662 Bug MH-TT 2D: impossible get thermal result
electric Field distribution
FX-10343 we are unable to plot isovalues (electric field ) on the domain and
no_vaccum
On a specific 3D project, Volumic integral of Laplace Forces are
FX-10124
wrong.
FX-10248 Impossible to open a project solved previously
FX-10135 Batch solver- Stop button does not work
Miscellaneous
FX-10521 Error displaying the full device when there are too many "parts"
Slowness of the supervisor due to the fact that Flux is launched on
FX-10213
network disc

Altair Engineering, Inc. Confidential and Proprietary 12

 FX-9919 I get a negative value of Joule losses
with Jiles-Atherton model and PUC file, results are wrong with IF
FX-9718
material
Losses
FX-8717 Different value of joule losses between a 2Daxi and a 3D project
Wrong computation of resistance for parametric solving with coil
FX-8529
conductor with losses
When I run the macro "RunEfficiencyMap.PFM" Flux display an
FX-9850
error message
Macro
FX-10296 Problem with BertottiIronLossesVsSlipAcIm macro
FX-10295 It is not possible to load the macro power balance voltage sources
With this project difference between results in magnetostatic and
FX-9733
transient magnetic
FX-9510 Flux display a negative value of temperature.
FX-9304 different result on IM motor between 2D, 3D and 3D extruded
FX-8696 Bad movement of magnet in 3D
Wrong computation of Br and B in case of spatial magnet with X, Y
FX-8557
dependance
Results In this project the option computation of the T0 by mechanical sets
FX-8451
change abnormally the value of the force
FX-7662 Bug MH-TT 2D: impossible get thermal result
electric Field distribution
FX-10343 we are unable to plot isovalues (electric field ) on the domain and
no_vaccum
On a specific 3D project, Volumic integral of Laplace Forces are
FX-10124
wrong.

Altair Engineering, Inc. Confidential and Proprietary 13

Limitations and warnings

General The list of principal limitations (and warnings) of the 2018 version is
limitations presented in the table below.

General limitations
The number of characters in the Flux formula (formula editor) is limited to 80.
The number of circuit component is limited to 10000 (circuit)
The names of Flux folders and Flux projects should not contain accents, blank character,
specific characters such as '%', ...
Flux accepts the following characters:
"+-./0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvw&xyz~ []()"

Limitations The list of principal limitations of (and warnings) new features of the 2018
version is presented in the table below.

New feature Limitations and warnings

Flux starting
guide
 The interface is not available on Linux machine
InCa3D merge
Flux PEEC not available on Linux machine
with Flux
Only the alphanumeric characters and the underscore are allowed in the Flux
New allowed internal entities names (such as parameters names, curves names, …).
characters The generation of coupling component (Activate, Simulink …) should be
done in a path without space.
 Limitations:
 Only one import is allowed
 In case of 2nd order mesh import, the “complete infinite box” algorithm
renumber the 2nd order nodes. This limitation is to take into account for
coupling.
HyperMesh  The “complete infinite box” algorithm works after mesh import with
and SimLab MeshGems mesher (mesher by default), but it does not work with Delaunay
mesh import mesher
 Limitations linked to the method:
 It is impossible to parameterize a mesh imported with geometrical
parameters
 It is impossible to enter in the Modeler context (also after deleting the mesh)

Continued on next page

Altair Engineering, Inc. Confidential and Proprietary 14

 New feature Limitations and warnings
New model is available in 2D and 3D for the three magnetics applications:
New Bertotti Magneto-static, Steady State and Transient application.
model The modified model is not usable in Skew. For this dimension, user keep the
possibility to use the previous iron model losses.
 Slight increase of memory requirements depending on the number of threads
used (around 10 to 20% per thread).
 The parallel computing technology does not allow distinguishing a real core
from a virtual one. For Flux, it is better not to exceed the number of real cores
during the settings of the number of cores.
 Performances depend on the machine because threads are managed by the
Parallel
operating system.
computing
 Performances cannot be predicted precisely because many factors impact
them (machine, problem size, computation type, operating system…)
 Other programs running at the same time on the computation node can reduce
parallel efficiency.
 Use all the available resources will not necessary give best performances. One
must adapt used resources with the project to solve.
 The solving scenario used in the cosimulation can’t be piloted by a parameter
Multiphysics which is not the frequency (geometric or physical parameter)
analysis for  In FluxPEEC, the re-meshing option can’t be used during the cosimulation
Flux PEEC process
 Only the “supplied conductors” application is concerned by the cosimulation
AV The AV formulation is compatible with an electrical circuit but not with
Formulation mechanical set, and not with surface impedance.

Altair Engineering, Inc. Confidential and Proprietary 15

About external software – supported version

External The use of external programs can be achieved with the versions listed in the
programs table below.
Flux OS
Flux External Supported Supported
Win64 Lin64
functionalities software version OS

Version 2014b  
Flux 12.0

Version 2015b  
Flux 12.1
Flux-Simulink Matlab -
64 bits 
coupling Simulink Version 2016b Flux 12.2
Flux 12.3

Flux 2018

Version 2017a 
& 2017b Flux 12.3 
Flux 2018
Distribution 32 bits (can be installed in
computing CDE Version 2.2 a 64 bits to exchange with  
Flux and Got-It)

External Altair Here the list of Altair external programs coupled with Flux 2018.
programs

Compatible version
Functionalities Altair software
with Flux 2018
Export to .. OptiStruct
(Vibroacoustics and mechanical analysis)
Export to.. AcuSolve
(Thermal analysis)
2017 version and more
Co-simulation Activate
Mesh import HyperMesh
Mesh import SimLab
Optimization HyperStudy

Altair Engineering, Inc. Confidential and Proprietary 16

About protection and installation

Introduction There are 2 different Flux installers:

 One for the HWU licensing system (a new installer InstallAnywhere)
 One for the Legacy licensing system

About FlexNet For Legacy users, the new functionalities contained in the version 2018 don’t
protection need new features.

About HWU Since the 12.2 version, it is possible to use the HyperWorks Units as
protection protection system

The HWUs count is split into 2 parts:

 GUI = description of geometry+ mesh + physics + postprocessing of
results
 Solver = computation of the model

All the applications are covered.

HWU for For Flux 3D/Skew/PEEC, the HWU licensing system is the same as all
Flux 3D/ Skew / HyperWorks solvers:
PEEC  GUI = 21 HWUs
 Solver = 25 HWUs

HWU for For 2D users exclusively, the offer has been adapted. There is no GUI /
Flux 2D Solver distinction. By default, the user has access to all applications and with
15 HWUs.

Documentation The setup specific to the documentation is integrated on the main setup of
installation Flux. Since Flux 11.2, documents and examples are automatically installed
with the main setup of Flux.

About The Computing Distribution Engine tool (CDE) allowing distributing

installation - computations, is installed automatically with the main setup of Flux.
CDE

Continued on next page

Altair Engineering, Inc. Confidential and Proprietary 17

 Graphic cards It is necessary for the proper functioning of our software that the driver of the
graphics card is as up-to-date as possible. In our experience a "Windows
Update" is not sufficient, it is essential to install the latest driver supplied by
the manufacturer of the card.
Eg for NVIDIA: http://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx?lang=en-us

Altair Engineering, Inc. Confidential and Proprietary 18

Focus on the new Bertotti model modified

Introduction This page explains how the user can use the new model called “Modified
Bertotti” to calculate iron losses on a laminated region. This model comes
from the old Bertotti model.
There are no more assumptions for the exponents of the Bertotti model since
the version 11.2 of Flux. In this case, the model is not coherent between AC
steady state and transient applications. This new model attends to correct it.

New model is available in 2D and 3D for the three magnetics applications:

Magneto-static, Steady State and Transient application.
Limitation
The modified model is not usable in Skew. For this dimension, user keep the
possibility to use the previous iron model losses.

Before Flux 2018 After Flux 2018

 By freeing exponent (Flux 11.2),
the results of Bertotti model could  In steady state, the exponents on B
Difference be wrong when exponents were and f are the same,
between Bertotti setting different from legacy  results between steady state and
model and model, transient applications should be the
Modified  Consequently, it could be hard to same,
Bertotti model
compare iron losses between steady  A mathematic model rather than
state application and transient something physical….
application with sinusoidal
function

Continued on next page

Altair Engineering, Inc. Confidential and Proprietary 19

 Before Flux 2018 After Flux 2018

 k .B
h
h
max
.fh
 1
k1 .Bmax f
Hysterisis losses

  2 .d 2 c c 
k2  Bmax f 
2
Steady state  . Bmax . f 
equation  6 
Classic losses

8, 76.k .B e
e
max . f e  k3 .  Bmax f 
3

Lossesin exces

k h .Bmaxh . f h
Losses by hysteresis
  k .B
1
1
max
f 
2
  .d 2 dB  c   dB 
   k2 . g ( 2 ) 
 12 dt  dt 

Classic l osses

 dB 3 
Magnetic
e
transient
 
equation
 8, 76.ke .
dB
  k3 . g ( 3 ) 
 dt   dt 
Losses in excess

1
With g ( )  
2


(2* ) 1 4* cos  d
0

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How to use the Before solving, the new iron losses model can be defined as a material property.
new model? The iron losses are calculated after solving with the menu Iron losses on regions.
Using this command, iron losses can be calculated only on magnetic laminated
regions.
In post-processing, the menu to calculate Bertotti iron losses remains.

Before solving : material properties (standard mode)

Figure 1 Path is: 'Physic / Material / New' / User select 'Iron Losses' Tab

After solving  The Bertotti iron losses menu stays available.

 For the new Modified Bertotti model, commands are the following:
Menu o Iron losses on regions (model defined in the materia),
Computation  o Iron losses on regions (model to define)
Iron losses
computation The difference between these two commands is the iron losses model used for
the computation. The “Iron losses on regions” (model defined in the material)
menu uses the model of the material of the region while the menu “Iron losses
on regions (model to define)’ requires defining a model of iron losses (which
may be different from that of the material).

Figure 2. Steady state application

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 As the previous Bertotti model, results from Modified Bertotti model are
separated in 3 components (see fig. 3 below).
The result is the total iron losses and its decomposition in three terms.

Note that, unlike Bertotti model, the term of classical and excess losses have no
longer a physical meaning. Reader can find more detailed information on
results, in volume 3, physical application, chapter 5.2.5 “Analysis of the
results: the post processing quantities”, page 208.

Presentation

Figure 3 Results is the total iron losses

In order to calculate the magnetic losses by the formula of modified Bertotti

model, we have to define the coefficients {k1 k2 k3} and the exponents {α1 α2
α3}.
Necessary
coefficients To determine the coefficients {k1 k2 k3} and exponents {α1 α2 α3}, we have to
refer to the data provided by the manufacturers of laminations. Generally, the
manufacturers provide the value of iron losses for different values of the
magnetic flux density at a given frequency.

An Excel sheet permitting to determine coefficients and exponents of modified

Bertotti model from manufacturer’s loss measurements is available. This tool
Determination has been stored on our space disk, during the installation, at the following path:
of coefficients C:\Program
Files\Altair\2018\flux\Flux\DocExamples\Tools\BertottiLossesCoefficients

(If Flux is installed the path proposed by default C:\Program Files\Altair\2018)

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