Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2. Storming:
- characterised by conflict and confrontation among the group members.
- members accept the group, but there would be conflict over the
leadership.
- members know the hierarchy and chain of command when the leader
within the group is determined.
- this stage is complete when the members are clear about the leader and the
hierarchy.
3. Norming:
-members settle, start cooperating and collaborating with each
other, develop close relationship among themselves, exhibit
cohesiveness and prefer to identify themselves with the group.
- members formulate common goals and expectations of the group.
4. Performing:
-group members exert all their energies towards functioning
and performing the tasks in order to attain the group goals.
5. Adjourning:
- attention is directed toward wrapping up activities.
- the group prepares for its disbandment.
but, this may cause worry to some due to loss of friendship and
effective leaders.
Groups @ the Work Place
• Work place is more prominent for the
formation and development of groups.
2. Task Group:
a temporary formal group, is created to solve specific pblms.
- they stay together till the task is complete and once the work is
completed they disband and return to their respective task grps.
Informal Group
grps are formed out of social interaction, social
needs, attitudes, likes and
dislikes, values, opinions, personality traits and
other psychological factors.
It is outside the officially prescribed
relationships, line of authority and
responsibilities of the org.
These grps are formed within the structure of the
org, but by the members themselves.
They are important in the org.s from the point of
view of their members and they have a great
utility to the org.
Theories of Group Formation
1. Propinquity theory: individuals affiliate with one another becz of spatial or geo-
graphical proximity. ex: in the org, emp.es working in the same area would more
probably form into groups than those who are not physically located together.
Sentiments
3. Balance Theory: Theodore Newcomb
“persons are attracted to one another on the basis of
similar attitudes towards commonly relevant objects and
goals. Once a relationship is formed, it strive to maintain a
systematical balance b/w the attraction and the common
attitudes. If an imbalance occurs, attempts are made to
restore the balance. If the balance cannot be restored, the
relationship dissolves.”
both propinquity and interaction play a role in the
balance theory.
there must be a balance in the relationship b/w the
grp members for the grp to be formed and for its survival.
4. Exchange Theory:
based on reward-cost outcomes of interaction b/w
pple.
to be attracted towards a grp, a person thinks in terms
of what he will get in exchange of interaction with the grp
members.
a minimum +ve level (reward > cost) of an outcome
must exist in order for attraction or affiliation to take place.
rewards gratify needs and costs incur
anxiety, frustrations, embarrassment, etc.
propinquity, interaction and balance theory all have
roles in the exchange theory.