Sentence & Clause “4A. Adjective Clause (Memberi Keterangan Kata benda) [Adjective Clause ditandai dengan Relative Pronoun, yaitu Who: digunakan untuk orang dalam posisi subjek (human as subject). Whom: digunakan untuk orang dalam posisi objek (human as object). Which: digunakan untuk benda, baik dalam posisi subjek atau objek (non-human as subjectV/object). That: digunakan sebagai subtitusi who, whom, atau which. Whose: digunakan untuk kepemilikan. When: digunakan untuk waktu. Why: digunakan untuk sebab. Contoh: My English teacher is the man who is standing near the pillar. |The house where / live is being renovated. #B. Adverb Clause (Memberi Keterangan Main Clause) [Time : affer, as, as long as, as soon as, before, since, when, whenever, while. Place : where, wherever. Reason : because, since. Purpose : so that, in order that. Manner : as if, as though. Condition : if, in case, provided that, unless, otherwise. Result : so.. that, such that, therefore, thus, consequently. Contrast : although, though, even though, however, but, in spite of, despite. Contoh: |He is such a good teacher that | will never forget him. You will not make a success unless you work hard. #C. Noun Clause 1. Noun Clause as Subject ‘Single-Word Noun Noun Clause His house is big. Where he livesis big. Her story was very interesting | What she told us was very interesting. 2. Noun Clause as Object Single-Word Noun Noun Clause I don't know him. | don't know who he is. She is reading my letter. She is reading what / have written. Klausa ini dapat berasal dari: Asal Klausa Contoh Statement The world is round. Everyone knows that the world is round. 214 | Menguasai Matematika Dasar, Bahasa Indonesia, Bahasa Inggris: Sistem Kebut SemalamYes/No Question Is he feeling fine ? | don't whether/if he is feeling fine Information Question ‘Who are you talking to ? Who | am talking to is not your business. Adjective Clause dam Adverb Clause dapat direduksi menjadi phrase dengan menghilangkan beberapa bagian clause. Adverb Clause dapat direduksi jika ‘subjek dalam Adverb Clause dan Main Clause sama. a. Adjective Clause 1. Hilangkan Relative Pronoun dan to be dalam Adjective Clause. Clause:0 The child who is bitten by a dog is crying. Phrase: The child bitten by a dog is crying. 2. Jika tidak ada to be dalam Adjective Clause, maka verb diubah menjadi verb-ing. Clause: Anyone who has library card may check out books. Phrase: Anyone having library card may check out books. b. Adverb Clause 1. Hilangkan subjek dan to be dalam Adverb Clause. Clause: | was very sad while I was packing my suitcase. Phrase: Iwas very sad while packing my suitcase. 2. Jika tidak ada to be dalam Adverb Clause, maka verb diubah verb-ing. Clause: Before | left the class, | asked about the exam. Phrase: Before leaving the class, | asked about the exam. 3. Khusus untuk so that dan if clause diubah menjadi to infinitive phrase . Clause: | moved to the place by them so that | could surf everyday. Phrase: | moved to the place by the sea to surf everyday. Clause: We can stop at that place if we want to take a rest. Phrase: We can stop at that place to take a rest. (1 CONTOH SOAL DAN PEMBAHASAN Soal 1 Mike hoped his letter. A. would she answer C. why she answered E. she was answering B. that she would answer —_D. whether she would answer 2S _Jawal Kalimat di atas menghendaki suatu klausa yaitu noun clause. Noun clause setelah kata hope selalu diawali dengan kata ‘that’. Maka Mike hoped that she would answer his letter (Mike berharap bahwa dia akan membalas suratnya). Jawab:B Soal2 Iwan wanted to know A. from whom did Ari the news D. from whom Ari heard the news. B. the new Ari heard from whom E. Ari heard the news from whom C. who did Ari hear the news from? ‘Menguasai Matematika Dasar, Bahasa Indonesia, Bahasa Inggris: Sistem Kebut Semalam | 215.2S. Jawab: Kalimat di atas adalah embedded question (kalimat tanya tak langsung) yang polanya harus mengikuti susutan pola affirmative, bukan interogative. Karena polanya affirmative, kata bantu ‘did’ tidak dipergunakan lagi pada kalimat intinya. Maka kalimat yang tepat adalah Iwan wanted to know from whom Ari heard the news Jawab : D Soal 3 is not yet known. A. Can be involved in the trade of narcotics B. He is involved in the trade of narcotics C. Whether he is involved in the trade of narcotics D. When he is involved in the trade of narcotics E. Why is he involved in the trade of narcotics 2S. Jawab: Yang hilang dari kalimat di atas adalah subject. Subject dibentuk dari noun clause yang biasanya diawali dengan “what”, “that”, dan “whether” dalam pola affirmative (pernyataan): what/that/whether + S + (Aux) V +O Jawab :C Soal 5 Christine Hakim a good actress is that she can play the roles of different characters so well. A. That makes C. Whether making E. In order to make B. What makes D. This is made 23, Jawab: Yang hilang dari kalimat di atas adalah subject. Subject dibentuk dari noun clause yang biasanya diawali dengan “what”, “that”, dan “whether”. “what' = reason /alasan “that” =fakta “whether” = pilihan Dari konteks soal, ditanyakan apa alasan Christine hakim menjadi artis yang bagus. Maka noun clause yang menyatakan reason adalah “what makes”. What makes Christine Hakim a good actress is that she can play the roles of different characters so well. Jawab :B Soal 4 annoys her teacher very much. A. Why does Ina always come late D. Ina always comes late B. Whether Ina always comes late E. That Ina always comes late C. If Ina always comes late 2S_Jawab: Yang diperlukan oleh kalimat di atas adalah subject. Subject bisa dikembangkan menjadi noun clause yang berpola That + S + V (That Ina always comes late annoys her teacher very much.) Jawab : E 216 | Menguasai Matematika Dasar, Bahasa Indonesia, Bahasa Inggris: Sistem Kebut Semalam