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    Milos Ivosevic
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    39 views8 pages

    Deaerator Control

    Uploaded by

    Milos Ivosevic

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    PERGAMON ‘Control Engineering Practice 6 (1998) 1541-1548 Scheduling control of a deaerator plant CX. Lu’, R.D. Bell’, N.W. Rees*** “Department of Systems and Control, School of Electrical Engineering, Dhe University of New South Wales, Sydney 2082 NSW, Australia "School of Mathematics, Physics. Computing and Electronics, Macguarie Unversity, Sydney, Australia Received 19 December 1997: accepted 81 July 1998 Abstract ‘The deaerator ofa power plant may experience severe two-phase steam/water problems especially during restart of the power plant following a unit trip. Unless suitable control strategies are adopted, cavitation in the suction area and choking in the deaerator can ‘occur. Cavitation can cause expensive damage to the feedwater pumps, while choking will interrupt the operation of the deaerator These all lead to failure of the restart, Some models and control schemes have been developed in recent years to study cavitation, A model that can predict the transient behaviour of the deaerator plant for possible cavitation and choking has been developed. In this paper. scheduling control for deaerator operation based on this model is proposed. This scheme utilises operational status and process variables to predict possible cavitation or choking, and then takes the necessary action to avoid the loss of head in the suction ‘rea and high velocity of steam in the deaerator equalisers. The simulation results show that the control scheme will ensure safe operation, even during restart of the power plant.) 1998 Elsevier Science Lid. All rights reserved. Keywords: Power station control; modelling; simulation; model-based control 1. Introduction The deaerator of a power plant is a large pressure vessel, located above the feedwater pumps, and normally operating in the saturated state. It may experience signifi cant pressure decay during two-phase transient situ- ations such as restarting the plant following a unit trip. The incident, due to the loss of net positive suction head (NPSH) during the two-phase process, is called ‘cavita- tion’. and often results in serious damage to feedwater pumps. A number of such events have occurred in the USA and Australia in recent years Many investigations have been carried out to try to tunderstand and solve the cavitation problem (Liao and Leung, 1972; Lu et al. 1992a, b). Models of the process have been developed by Thurston (1961), Ray (1978) and Rovnak, et al. (1991), These models all assume that the deaerator level is approximately constant. In Bell ct al. (1992) this assumption is relaxed, which leads to a model that better predicts the transient behaviour, and thus the onset of cavitation in the deaerator. “Corresponding author. Tel. +612 9385 4010; fax: + 612 9385, 5993: e-mail necesaunsweduau, There is another abnormal behaviour that occurs in a deaerator system with two tanks (see Fig, 1) during the transient, which is called ‘choking’. This is due to the equalising pipes between the upper deaerator tank and the lower storage tank. In case of severe pressure decay in the deaerator tank, the pressure differential along the equalisers will increase. Such pressure differential may choke the centre drop pipes, so the water in the deaerator cannot flow into the storage tank. Both ‘cavitation’ and ‘choking’ should be prevented during the operation of the deaerator. A deaerator system model with deaerator and storage tanks linked by equaliser pipes has been established. The model has six states. The behaviour of choking and cavitation can be predicted using six coupled non-linear differential equations. Several control schemes have been developed to avoid cavitation of the suction pipe between the storage tank and the feedpumps (Liao 1974; Adel Ben-Abdennour et al, 1993; Lu et al., 1995), An adequate control of 1 deaerator operation should be able to control the system, during normal or abnormal operating conditions. In particular, the control should ensure system stability in normal running with disturbanees such as the variation of extraction steam or condensate flow and temperature (0967-0661/98'S - see front matter « 1998 Elsevier Science Lu, All rights reserved PUI: $0967-0661(98)0015-4 1892 ©X Locet ah Control Engineering Proce 6 (1998) 1541. 1548 ‘On the other hand, when the power plant changes opera tional conditions to, for example, start up of restart, the control system should assure the supply Water requested when the extraction steam and condensate may not be available A control scheme is proposed (Fiz. 2) which uses knowledge- and model-based control to. monitor the operational status of the power plant. When plant opera- tion forces the deaerator into. transient conditions, the knowledge-based control detects the changes in the power-plant operation, and decides the availability of the water resourees for the deaerator, and the best mixture of the resources. Model-based control decides the amount of water that can go into the deaerator without choking or cavitation, Simulation results show that this control scheme will prevent choking and cavitation in the deaer- ator When severe operational conditions exist, such as hot restart of the plant. The simulations have been carried on Matlab" Simutink™ 2. Two-tank deaerator model The structure of the two-tank deaerator plant is shown in Fig. 1 The deaerator has three inputs: condensate water vy, from the condenser with enthalpy h,, extraction steam flow from the turbine w, with enthalpy fh, and make-up water 1s, from a reservoir tank with constant water en- thalpy h.. Central pipes and equaliser pipes link the

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