FLEA 27010 REVIEW a ‘SANITARY AND PLUMBING SYSTEMS Ses = UTILITIESIntroduction PLUMBING (<) Is the art and technique of installing pipes, _ fixtures & other apparatuses in buildings & for bringing the supply, liquids, substances é/or ingredients & removing them; @ ) from the Latin plumbum for lead as pipes were once made from lead. ©) refers to a system of pipes and fixtures installed in a building for the distribution Of potable water and the removal of 5% Z waterborne wastes. (ep (08) Ee on [ee ae]Introduction - history TICE OF PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES Birth of plumbing profession traced back to the 17" century ‘aS Spaniards established Walled City known as Intramuros ‘as a model community. , In 1902, the PLUMBING TRADE was duly recognized by the g govemment. ister Plumber John F. Hass became the 1* Chief of Division ‘of Plumbing Construction and Construction. A plumbing code ‘based on the Plumbing Code of the US was incorporated into the Building Code for the City of Manila. | In 1935 the National Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines (NAMPAP) was organized and registered with the SEC. (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Introduction - history TICE OF PLUMBING IN THE PHILIPPINES City Ordinance 2411 known as “The Plumbing Code for the City of Manila" was enacted with the consultation of NAMPAP In 1954, the 3° Congress of the Republic of the Philippines ‘approved after the third reading House Bill No. 962. This ‘became Republic Act No. 1378. On June 28, 1955, R.A. 1378 known as the “Plumbing Code of the Philippines was signed by President Ramon Magsaysay. In December 21, 1999 pursuant t Section 4 of R.A. 1378, Joseph Ejercito Estrada approved the Revised Plumbing Code of 1999. (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Plumbing System - Fundamentals JMBING SYSTEM System includes all potable water supply and distribution ‘pipes, all plumbing fixtures and traps; all sanitary and Storm drainage systems; vent pipes, roof drains, leaders ‘and downspouts; and all building drains and sewers, ‘including their respective joints and connections; ‘devices, receptacles, and appurtenances within the ‘property; water lines in the premises; potable, tap, hot ‘and chilled water piping; potable water treating or using ‘equipment; fuel gas piping; water heaters and vents for ‘same. | a8 . , laid“ ricTure 9 SS (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Plumbing System - Fundamentals B NG io TEM ReeEHIENTS BUTION SYSTEM (ep (08) Ee on [ee ae]Plumbing System - Fundamentals USE —— = Pressure, ee Plumbing I Piping = Networks : rues COLLECTION | Gravity, | 4 Piping Networks I “TREATMENT | DISPOSAL Sewage Plants, © Sanitary and patel) || Storm Sewers "Purification a (ep (08) Ee on [ee ae]———~ WATER SUPPLY -— ia “DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMWater Supply and Distribution System TION S$ water from the water source, street main or a p to the building and to various points in the ng at which water is used. ) GOLD WATER SUPPLY ©) HOT WATER SUPPLY an important part in the plumbing system Providing waier is one of the most critical utility requirement niversal Solvent" (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Water Supply and Distribution System 3 MAJOR STAGES The natural water cycle EVAPORATION CONDENSATION (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Water Supply and Distribution System Collected from roofs of buildings and special water sheds and Stored in cisterns or ponds. ADVANTAGE © Water is soft & pure and is suitable for the hot water supply system DISADVANTAGE © Only a source during the wet season © Storage becomes a breeding place for mosquitoes Re (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae] © Roofs may not be cleanWater Supply and Distribution System ES OF WATER WATER in of the rainwater which has percolated into the earth to underground deposits called aquifers (water- bearing soil lation). From springs and wells and is the principal source of water for use in most rural areas. ADVANTAGE © Usually has an abundant supply; © requires less treatment because of natural filtering. DISADVANTAGE © May have organic matter & chemical elements usually treatment is suggested. SR ae (py 74 — (00) K< fos | a0Water Supply and Distribution System ES OF WATER NATURAL SURFACE WATER ‘Amixture of surface run-off and ground water. Surface sources includes rivers, lakes, ponds and impounding reservoirs. ADVANTAGE _© Usually easy to acquire and in large quantities. ® Used for irrigation, industrial purposes and, when treated, for community water supply. DISADVANTAGE _ © Contains a large amounts of bacteria, organic, & inorganic substances; Purification & treatment is necessary. ~ SS Es (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Water Supply and Distribution System OF WATER TRANSPORTATIONAL USES =) COOLING MEDIUM “ORNAMENTAL ELEMENT (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae] Ie) PROTECTIVE USESWater Supply and Distribution System YSICAL PROPETIES OF WATER (© SURFACE TENSION The ability to stick itself together and pull itself together EAT ABSOPTION/CAPACITY The ability to absorb heat without becoming warmer The ability to climb up a surface against the pull of gravity 3) DISSOLVING ABILITY ‘Known as the “Universal Solvent” ee Tews (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae](ep (08) Ee on [ee ae] Water Supply and Distribution System CORRECTION Contains carbon dioxide Corrosion of non-ferrous Passing the wate! through a bed of crushed marble or a ground pipes ; limestone to se e f achieve alkalinity. clogging 0 or adding sodium steel pipes silicate.) |2. Hardness | Presence of *Clogging of Boiling magnesium and | pipes eintroduction of calcium salts elmpaired water softeners laundry and made up of cooking Zeolite Silt or mud in «Discoloration Filtration surface orin *Bad taste SeeWater Supply and Distribution System R QUALITY PROBLEM AND THEIR CORRECTION P oT Va CORRECTION L 2 | Presence of * Discoloration of} Chlorination or U Iron and fixtures ozonation and file manganese and laundry filtration M 3} 5. Pollution Contamination | «Disease Chlorination by organic | matter or sewage iN) iC)Water Supply and Distribution System [ATER TREATMENT AND PURIFICATION 1s any method that will remove one or more materials that make the water unsuitable for a given use fatér is Sprayed into the air to release any trapped gases and absorb additional oxygen for better taste. (ep (08) Ee on [ee ae]Water Supply and Distribution System |EOAGULATION - FLOCCULATION "Process by which small sediment particles which do not settle well combine “together to form larger particles which can be removed by sedimentation “COAGULATION chemical process in which the coagulant reacts | with the sediment to make it capable of combining into larger particles. FLOGCULATION physical process in which the sediment particles collide with each other and stick together. eeagulant tora pracy nat praca Inept orearties seagaant . \) ‘nated (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Water Supply and Distribution System ‘Water is passed through basins so sediments can settle through a Period of time INTERMITTENT CONTINUOUS SEDIMENTATION (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Water Supply and Distribution System Water is passed through layers of sand and gravel in concrete basins in order remove the finer suspended particles. — SAND GRAVEL HO OUTLET TION) CHLORINATION . ed of introducing a controlled amount of chlorine to the water in “order to attain a desired degree of disinfection. (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Water Supply and Distribution System P 5 U M 3) | iN) ic}Water Supply and Distribution System Wells are holes in the earth from which a fluid may be withdrawn using manual or mechanical means such as draw bucket, pump, etc. GENERAL TYPES OF WELL © SHALLOW WELL © DEEP WELL $ OF WELL DING TO METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION) _ © tanbe constructed with hand tools or power tools ‘= depth of about 15 meters (50 ft) @ can have the greatest diameter that a space may allow (py 74 — (00) K< fos | a0i 0 > n g ° F a el u Bt) n a [=] E Lal ed [ey B n I ® E = (oy) Pp (0) ee)Water Supply and Distribution System A siee! drive-well point is fitted on one end of the pipe section ‘and driven into the earth. The point may be driven into the ground to a depth of up to 15 meters (50 ft). (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Water Supply and Distribution System WELLS These are dug with earth augers are usually less than 30 meters ft) deep. The diameter ranges from 2 to 30 inches. The well lined with metal, vitrified tile or concrete. P 5 U M 3) | iN) ic}Water Supply and Distribution System WELLS more elaborate equipment depending on the geology of drilling oil and can reach up to 1000 meters in depth. (py 74 — (00) K< fos | a0Water Supply and Distribution System ED WELLS ‘extreme water pressure so as not to affect existing foundation in the vicinity. It makes Use of a suction pump above, _ While casing acts as the pump riser. P 5 U M 3) | iN) ic}Water Supply and Distribution System is a device used to move fluids, such as liquids or slurries. iP displaces a volume by physical or mechanical action. TION OF PUMPS ‘Pump having a plunger that move back and forth within a cylinder ‘equipped with check valves. The cylinder is best located near or below _ the ground level. (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Water Supply and Distribution System It contains an impeller mounted on a rotating shaft. The rotating impeller increases the water velocity while forcing the water into a Gasing thus converting the water's velocity into higher pressure. (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Water Supply and Distribution System ‘A turbine pump has a vertical turbine located below groundwater levels and a driving motor located at ground (py 74 — (00) K< fos | a0Water Supply and Distribution System Is basically a centrifugal pump complete with electric motors which are positioned underwater in a suitable bored hole that delivers the Water to the surface (ep (08) Ee on [ee ae]Water Supply and Distribution System (EJECTOR) PUMP) Jet pumps are centrifugal pumps typically used for drawing water P 5 U M 3) | iN) iC)Water Supply and Distribution System Is a positive displacement reciprocating pump in which a plunger is ‘Griven backwards and forwards, or up and down by a mechanical working head. Water is sucked into a sealed vacuum by use of a piston. P 5 U M 3) | iN) ic}Water Supply and Distribution System ‘Sump pumps are used in applications where excess water must be pumped away from a particular area. a pump used to remove water that has accumulated in a water collecting sump pit, P 5 U M 3) | iN) ic}Water Supply and Distribution System -R STORAGE FOR DOMESTIC USE {HEAD TANK/ GRAVITY SUPPLY TANK / a not have any pressure concerns ‘telies on gravity to supply water to fixtures below. Use in overhead feed system P 5 U M 3) | iN) ic}Water Supply and Distribution System Used in the air pressure system and “often used with a pump. use of pressure relieve valve to PLOAT VALE. / aetamung an Sutomatic Svat (py 74 — (00) K< fos | a0Water Supply and Distribution System __ Range Boiler © Small hot water tank (0-60 cm diameter; 180cm max length) _= Made of galvanized steel sheet, _ Copper or stainless steel _» Standard working pressure limit is 85 to 150 psi Storage Boiler © Large hot water tank (60-130 em in diameter; 5m max length) _ + Made of heavy duty material ‘sheets applied with rust proof paint _» Standard working pressure limit is 65 to 100 psi. (1D = 300m. to 60 om. L Not ore than 180 om (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Water Supply and Distribution System Control of the water system Start or shut down a system Regulate pressure = Gheck backflow Control the direction of water ES OF VALVES GATE VALVE (Full-way Valve) Used mainly to completely close c completely open the water line (dc ‘not control flow of water). Wedge Shape or Tapered Disc Valve [1 ‘Double Disc vaive (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Water Supply and Distribution System Controls the flow of water with a Movable spindle. Can reduce water ‘Pressure (throttling). Stypes Ie Plug Type Disc Valve “Conventional Disc Valve ray | Composition Disc Vaive (py 74 — (00) K< fos | a0Water Supply and Distribution System < VALVE Main function is to prevent reversal of flow (backflow) in the line. Wertical Check Vaive (py 74 — (00) K< fos | a0 12) Horizontal Check valveWater Supply and Distribution System Used to make a 90° turn ina line. Located at the lower end of the pump. Used “mainly to prevent loss of priming of the pumps. VALVE (py 74 — (00) K< fos | a0 — sang ee ‘Used on water systems, heating systems, = compressed air lines & other pipe lines with excess’ ressure. — se anjaWater Supply and Distribution System j “Operates by the compression of a soft Z ‘packing upon a metal sheet. { COCK et Operates with a round tapering plug LT ‘ground to fit a metal sheet. ath it made for the threaded attachment of a hose. (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Water Supply and Distribution System DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM Water service pipe, water distribution pipes, and the necessary ecting pipes, fittings, control valves and all appurtenances in or to the structure or premises. OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM E E PIPE ‘The pipe from the water main or other source of potable water supply ‘to the water distribution system of the building served. I R METER ‘Device used to measure in liters or gallons the amount of water that “passes through the water service. FRIBUTION PIPE’ SUPPLY PIPE ‘A pipe Within the structure or on the premises which conveys water ‘trom the water service pipe or meter to the point of utilization. (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Water Supply and Distribution System “A water Supply pipe that extends one full story or more to convey _ Water to branches or to a group of fixtures. E BRANCH ‘The water supply pipe between the fixture supply pipe & the water distributing pipe. SUPPLY “AWater supply pipe connecting the fixture with the fixture branch. (py 74 — (00) K< fos | a0Water Supply and Distribution System 'WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM r ‘OF WATER DISTRIBUTION _ DIRECT (UPFEED) INDIRECT ~Down feed or Gravity System ~Hydro pneumatic System ( Air Pressure System) ED) iS provided by the city water companies using normal re-from public water main (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Water Supply and Distribution System is pumped into a large top of the building and ‘buted to the fixtures by P 5 U M 3) | iN) ic}Water Supply and Distribution System pressure supplied water supply is not enough ssed air is used to and push water into ‘system P 5 U M 3) | iN) ic}P 5 U M 3) | iN) iC) Water Supply and Distribution System Upfeed System L Eliminates extra cost of pumps & |. Pressure from water main is tanks. inadequate to supply tall buildings. Water supply is affected during peak load hour. Air Pressure System 1 With compact pumping unit. |. Water supply is affected by loss of Sanitary due to air tight water | pressure inside the tank in case of chamber. power interruption. economical (smaller pipe diam) less initial construction & maintenance cost Oxygen inthe compressed air serves | as purifying agent, i Adaptable air pressure. i Air pressure serves zones of about 10 | stores intervals. i(ep (08) Ee on [ee ae] Water Supply and Distribution System Water is hot affected by peak load hour Not affected by power interruptions. Time needed to replace broken parts does not affect water supply. DISADVANTAGES Water is subject to contamination. High maintenance cost. Occupies valuable space Requires stronger foundation and other structure to carry additional load of tank and water.P 5 U M 3) | iN) ic} Water Supply and Distribution System 3 OF THE HOT WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS continuing network of 0 provide constant of water rises on its own & need any pump for is immediately form the fixture any time d economical circulating ‘of unused hot water pipe is installed at the eriser & the diminishing ‘passes through the lower ‘of the buildingWater Supply and Distribution System OF THE HOT WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS nfeed and Gravity Return System water tises.on to (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae] mafthe buildingWater Supply and Distribution System OF THE HoT WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS Circuit System P 5 U M 3) | iN) ic}FLEA iu10 REVIEW DY anv DRAINAGE Sy SiEMs SERSSanitary Drainage System @neral Rules in designing Phe Sanitary system: a) The pipes should take the shortest possible route to the house sewer or the terminating point of the Sanitary system , ro) Control components such as clean-outs, traps, and vents, should be located strategically so as to ensure efficient circulation Subsystems of the Mitary System: Waste Collection System — Ventilation System (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Sanitary Drainage System Waste Pipe eys only wastewater or liquid waste free of fecal matter. ‘ Vent Pipe ‘ised for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system and ing the negative pressure exerted on trap seals. a fitting or device designed and constructed to provide, when Properly vented, a liquid seal which prevents the backflow of foul "air or methane gas without materially affecting the flow of ‘sewage or wastewater through it. Stack the Vertical main of a system of soil, waste or vent pipings extending through one or more stories and extended threat ‘ Branch © any part of the piping system other than a main, riser or s' (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Sanitary Drainage System j | House/ Building Drain part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system which eives the discharges from the soil, waste and other drainage ‘Pipes inside of a building and conveys it to the house sewer outside of the building. | House/Building Sewer ds from the house drain at a point 0.60 meters from the dutside face of the foundation wall of a building to the junction with ‘the street sewer or to any point of discharge, and conveys Be tieeeof one building site. (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Sanitary Drainage System IN DIRECTION OF SANITARY use 45° wye branches, combination wye- 1/8 bend branches, or other approved fittings of equivalent sweep (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae](ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae] Sanitary Drainage System Horizontal to vertical change in direction ‘use 45° or 60° wye branches, combination wye -1/8 bend branches, sanitary tee or sanitary tapped tee branches, or other approved fittings of equivalent sweeps. No fitting having more than one inlet at the same level shall be used (i.e., sanitary cross) Double sanitary tees may be used when the barrel of the fitting is at least two pipe (2) sizes larger than the largest inlet, (pipe sizes recognized for this purpose are 51, 64, 76, 89, 102, 114, 127, & 152 mm dia.)Sanitary Drainage System MINIMUM SLOPE OF SANITARY DRAINAGE LINES Minimum slope or pitch of horizontal drainage pipe — 2% or ~ 20mm/m (4” per foot). ception: Where it is impracticable due to depth of street | S@wer, adverse structural features and irregular building plans, ‘Pipes 102 mm dia or larger may have a slope of not less than 1% of 10mm/m (1/8” per foot), approved by the Administrative ri (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Sanitary Drainage System © Used for lavatories, kitchen sinks, laundry tubs, & urinals © Materials commonly used for the P-trap: nickel, chrome plated brass, Galvanized malleable copper, & PVC. P-Trap e © Water seal is about twice the size of The common P-trap © Used for extreme conditions resealing quality is greater (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Sanitary Drainage System | The Stand Trap ® Used for fixtures such as slop sinks that are usually built low in the ground, leaving very little space for a foundation & a trap ® Serves asa water seal & structural support for the fixture |The Running Trap © Used within the line of the house drain (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Sanitary Drainage System |The Drum Trap © Has a large diameter (around 0.16 m) © Used for fixtures that discharge large amount of water (bathtubs, shower or floor drains) (py 74 — (00) K< fos | a0Sanitary Drainage System MPGUIREMENTS: Traps REQUIRED © ach plumbing fixture, except those with integral traps, shall be ely trapped with an approved-type waterseal trap. one trap shall be permitted on a trap arm (portion of a fixture drain ena trap and the vent) ‘trap, centrally located, may serve three single compartment sinks laundry tubs or lavatories, adjacent to each other and in the same (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Sanitary Drainage System Bee OF TRAPS: ‘trap shall be the same size as the trap arm to which it is ected. fixture trap shall have a trap seal of water of not less than mm and not more than 102 mm (except where a deeper seal ind necessary by the Administrative Authority for special tions. (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Sanitary Drainage System DISTANCE TO VENT Note: In no case shall the 32 mm 076m trap distance be less than 2 T times the diameter of the eos: | Gian | trap arm. 51 mm 152m | 76 mm 102 mm & larger 1.83 m 3.05 m t eloped length of the trap arm (measured from the top of ring to inner edge of vent ) of a water closet or similar See, e shall not exceed 1.8 m. For trap arm 76 mm dia or larger, a cleanout is required for a inge of direction of greater than 22 % °. (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Sanitary Drainage System QUIREMENTS: | Clean-outs REQUIRED S @ upper terminal of every horizontal sewer or waste line ach run of piping more than 15 meters (50 feet) in total onal clean-out shall be provided on a horizontal line with an gate offset angle exceeding 135° e the building near the connection between the building and the building sewer or installed outside the building at, lower end of the building drain and extended to grade. 4 oA = (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Sanitary Drainage System | | Clean-outs NOT REQUIRED a horizontal drain less than 1.5 m in length unless such line is Fving sinks or urinals. short horizontal drainage pipe installed at a slope of 72 deg or from the vertical line (or at an angle of 1/5 bend) (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Sanitary Drainage System VENTILATION of the drainage pipe installation intended to maintain a ed atmospheric pressure inside the system Pipe- a pipe or opening used for ensuring the tion of air in a plumbing system and for relieving the ive pressure exerted on trap seals. (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae](ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae] Sanitary Drainage System VENTS | | Main Soil & Waste Vent the ‘backbone’ of the entire sanitary system Connected to the Main Soil & Waste Stack The portion where waste does not travel through Continues to the roof; the portion Penetrating the roof is called the Vent Stack Through Roof (VSTR)(ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae] Sanitary Drainage System | Main Vent the principal artery of the venting system to which vent branches are connected. a.k.a. ‘Collecting Vent Line’ serves as support to the Main Soil & Waste VentSanitary Drainage System | Individual Vent or Back Vent eo ' = a pipe installed to vent a fixture trap, that connects with the vent system above the fixture served or terminates in the open air. (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae](ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae] Sanitary Drainage System Unit, Common, or Dual Vent © anarrangement of venting so installed that one vent pipe serve two (2) traps.Sanitary Drainage | |[Relief Vent Saar © avertical vent line that provides additional circulation of air between the drainage and vent systems or to act as an auxiliary vent on a specially designed system such as a “yoke vent” connection between the soil and vent stacks. (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Sanitary Drainage System Yoke or By-pass Vent a pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste stack below the floor and below horizontal connection to an adjacent vent stack at a point above the floor and higher than the highest spill level of fixtures for preventing pressure changes in the stacks. (ep (08) Ee on [ee ae]Sanitary Drainage System Circuit Vent @ group vent pipe which starts in front of the extreme (highest) fixture connection on a horizontal branch and connects to the vent stack. © aka. Loop Vent’ (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae] © Serves a battery of fixturesSanitary Drainage System © avertical vent connection on a horizontal soil or waste pipe branch at a point downstream Lavatory] of the last fixture connection and turning to a horizontal line above the highest overflow level of the highest fixture connected there Used in spaces without partitions (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae] ~ BLEEDER conntenion: WASTE STACKSanitary Drainage System [wet Vent portion of a vent pipe through which wastewater also (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Sanitary Drainage System Local Vent '» apipe or shaft to convey foul air from a plumbing fixture or aroom to the outer air. Dry Vent -* avent that does not carry liquid or water-borne wastes. (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Sanitary Drainage System Stack Vent = the extension of a soil or waste stack _ above the highest horizontal drain connected to the stack. Vent Stack © the vertical vent pipe installed primarily for providing circulation of air to and from any part of the soil, waste of the drainage system. The uppermost end above the roof has traditionally been referred to as Vent Stack Through Roof (VSTR). (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Sanitary Drainage System EQUIREMENTS: | Vents REQUIRED e trap shall be protected against siphonage and back-pressure ugh venting. [Vents NOT REQUIRED 8 primary settling tank interceptor which discharges through a ital indirect waste pipe into a secondary interceptor. The indary interceptor shall be properly trapped and vented. Serving sinks in an island bar counter. Such sink shall arge by means of an approved indirect waste pipe into a. Se z sink or other approved type receptor. (ep) 25 lee) Es Yon (me auSanitary Drainage System meek y SYSTEM PROBLEMS: Trap Seal Loss = Direct effect of the Minus & Plus Pressure inside the system due to inadequate ventilation of traps = Attributed to the following conditions: fs Siphonage- direct and momentum (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Sanitary Drainage System ig Back Pressure "> Evaporation- caused by extreme temperatures, idleness "© Wind Effects- strong winds blow the trap seal — Retardation of flow i - Due to the effect of atmospheric pressure and/or gravity in ee = Deterioration of the Materials SS - Due to the formation of acids (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Sanitary Drainage System Indirect Waste Pipe a pipe that does not connect directly with the 4inage system but conveys liquid wastes by discharging into a plumbing fixture, interceptor or feceptacle directly connected to the drainage system. P 5 U M 3) | iN) ic}Sanitary Drainage System PHASE- the final stage of the plumbing process; where sed water and water-carried wastes are brought to various posal outlets © the discharge of sewage from a building sewer, 9' solids from the liquid, digest organic matter and digested solids through a period of detention, and allow clarified liquids to discharge for final disposal L. = solid organic matter that are denser than water and at the bottom of the septic tank (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Sanitary Drainage System Bacteria in septic tank HPO encourage decomposition: )efobic bacteria-relies on oxygen to survive F |) Se serebic bacteria-can survive in places without oxygen (py 74 — (00) K< fos | a0Sanitary Drainage System DIGESTION CHAMBER \Snxooe O2Z-OWOZCrvSanitary Drainage System COMPARTMENTS: ‘have a minimum of 2 compartments: ©) ompertment: not less than 2/3 capacity of the total Capacity of tank; not less than 2 cum liquid capacity; shall be at least 0.9 m width and 1.5 m long; Liquid depth not less than 0.6 m nor more than 1.8m. 9) oo tery compartment: maximum capacity of 1/3 total Capacity of tank; minimum of 1 cum liquid capacity ic tanks having over 6 cum capacity, the secondary collect the sludge and make it easily accessible from the manhole MANHOLES: So at least two (2) manholes, 508 mm in min dimension; one, ‘a inlet, other over outlet. Wherever first compartment ‘exceeds 3.7 m in length, an additional manhole required over the\: __ baffle wall. (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Sanitary Drainage System SIZES OF PIPE INLET & OUTLET & THEIR VERTICAL LEGS: — Inlet and Outlet pipes - diameter size not less than the sewer al legs of inlet and outlet pipes — diameter size not less than e sewer pipe nor less than 104.6 mm. LENGTH AND LOCATION OF INLET & OUTLET: ca extend 101.6 mm above and at least 304.8 mm below the surface of the inlet pipe shall be at a level not less than 50.8 mm e the invert of the outlet pipe. (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]Sanitary Drainage System AIR SPACE: walls shall extend 228.6 mm above liquid depth. ‘of septic tank shall be at least 50.8 mm above the back “openings. | PARTITION (between compartments): oS )inverted fitting equivalent in size to the tank inlet, but inno Jess than 104.6 mm in diameter, shall be installed in the inlet partment side of the baffle with the bottom of the fitting laced midway in the depth of the liquid. Wooden baffles are hibited. | STRUCTURE: (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae] ll be capable of supporting an earth load of not s than 14.4 kPaSanitary Drainage System | capacity: o Capacity of septic tanks is determined by the number of poms or apartment units in dwelling occupancies; by the id Waste/sewage design flow rate for various building jupancies; or by the number of fixture units of all plumbing ires; whichever is greater. Capacity of any one septic tank and its drainage system shall be limited by the soil structure classification in its drainage LOCATION: Should not be located underneath the house least 15 meters from the water distribution system (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae](ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae] Sanitary Drainage System LASSIFICATION OF SEWERS: |_| Combination Public Sewers o Oldest variety arries both storm & sanitary wastes Storm Sewers o | Sanitary Sewers 2 ies regular sanitary wastes only Terminates in a modern sewage disposal plant for Built at a depth of 3 meters (tributaries)i ek a DRAINAGE SySorEMs SERSStorm Drainage System 3 Major Systems of Collecting Storm Water: |The Independent System & a.k.a. ‘the Separate System’ Brings collected water directly to the water reservoirs (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae](ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae] Storm Drainage System The Combined System oe o Combines storm water with sanitary wastesStorm Drainage System | The Natural System oS Without using any roof gutters or downspouts Also when rainwater is collected in cisterns Drain Locations OVERHEAD (py 74 — (00) K< fos | a0(ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae] Storm Drainage System Roofing Elements to Collect Rainwater: || The Gutter 6 © Usually located along the entire perimeter of the roof The Downspout a © Located every 8 to 10 meters & at every corner of the roof (but, to avoid clogging of pipes, itis bestto locate them every 4to 6m)Storm Drainage System O2Z—-WZCr UV The Strainer or Roof Drain © Drain designed to receive water collecting on the surface of a roof and to discharge it into a downspout. Designed to prevent clogging. The Shoe a © Atthe bottom of the roof leader to direct rain- water towards the nearest catch basin ~ Le BoStorm Drainage System The Catch Basin 8 Downspouts should terminate in a catch basin (can serve more than one d out) ‘Delivers Water to the sewers in the street via gravity ‘Area-Drain-Catch-Basin: also collects surface water (ep) rs le) 4 Yor (ee ae]= w > cfr) oe o Es can ea ir