4.

1 EFFECT ON MORPHOLOGY
4.1.1 Plant height (cm)
The data pertaining to progressive plant height influenced by different concentration
of PBZ at different growth intervals were statistically analyzed and presented in the
Table 4.1 and depicted diagrammatically as in Figure ….

The result shows that plant height at week 3, 5 and 7 DAT was influenced
significantly due to different concentration of PBZ .The plant height in general
increased by multifold between week 3 DAT (before application PBZ) and up to the
harvest stage.
Table 4.Error! No text of specified style in document..1: Effect of different
concentration of palcobutrazol on plant height. Bars indicate ± SE

Plant height (cm)

Treatment
Week 3 DAT Week 5 DAT Week 7 DAT
T1 15.10± 37.66± 42.06±
T2 19.82± 33.52± 50.00±
T3 16.98±Chart Title
35.80± 45.90±
60 T4 15.72± 33.92± 46.16±
50 T5 18.84± 29.70± 41.50±
T6 25.40± 38.18± 43.04±
40

30

20

10

0
Week 3 (Before PBZ Week 5 Week 7
Application)

0 mg/L 25 mg/L 50 mg/L 100 mg/L 150 mg/L 200 mg/L

Figure 4.1: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on plant

height. Bars indicate ± SE
The data presented in table shows that the highest plant height obtained on week 3 at
T6 (22.78± cm) and the lowest is T4 (14.58± cm). On week 5 at T6 (38.18± cm) and
the lowest is obtained by T5 (29.70± cm). On week 7 the height plant height obtained
at T2 (50.00± cm) and the lowest obtained at T5 (41.50± cm). Both on week 5 and 7
DAT, the T5 shows that application of PBZ reduce the plant height however there is
not statistically significant (P>0.05) in plant height at different concentration of PBZ.
However on week 3 before application PBZ there is significant different in plant
height. By relating to finds of Arora et al. (1989), who reported that increase in the
concentration of PBZ resulted in significant reduction in shoot length. Latimer el al.
(2001) also reported that an excessive reduction in growth of containerized
herbaceous perennials was formed due to high application rates of PBZ where higher
amount of PBZ application gave its higher effectiveness in anti-gibberellin production
than that of the lower ones.

Number of leaves
The data pertaining to progressive number of leaves influenced by different
concentration of PBZ at different growth intervals were statistically analyzed and
presented in the Table 4.2 and depicted diagrammatically as in Figure 4.2.

The result shows that number of leaves in general increased by multifold between
week 3 DAT and up to the harvest stage.
Table 4.2: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on number of leaves. Bars
indicate ± SE

Number of leaves
Treatment
Week 3 DAT Week 5 DAT Week 7 DAT
T1 25.00± 42.00± 56.00±
T2 23.00± 46.67± 61.33±
T3 24.33± 49.67± 60.33±
T4 29.33± 54.33± 72.67±
T5 28.00± 56.67± 66.33±
T6 25.06± 47.39± 68.67±
80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0
Week 3 (Before PBZ Week 5 Week 7
Application)

0 mg/L 25 mg/L 50 mg/L 100 mg/L 150 mg/L 200 mg/L

Figure 4.2: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on number of

leaves. Bars indicate ± SE

The data presented in Table 4.2 shows that the highest number of leaves obtained on
week 3 (before PBZ application) by T4 (29.33±) and the lowest is by T2 (23.00±). On
week 5 the highest at T5 (56.67±) and the lowest is obtained by T1 (42.00±). On week
7 the highest plant height obtained at T4 (72.67±) and the lowest obtained at T1
(56.00±). Both on week 5 and 7 DAT, the T1 (control) shows the lowest number of
leaves. Treatment of plant with PBZ has more number of leaves compared to control.
Generally application of PBZ increase the number of leaves. On week 5, T5 and T6
significantly increase the number of leaves compared to T1. Furthermore, there is not
statistically different on week 7 and week 3. This finding is similar to finding of
Mahmoud and Mohamed (2015), reported that application of PBZ increase the
number of leaves of eggplant. Mohammed et al. (2017) also reported that foliar
application of PBZ increased the number of leaves in Lagerstroemia indica plants.
The results obtained on height extension, leaf number, leaf size and internode length
are in line with the hypotheses that claim PBZ, as a plant growth retardant which
blocks three steps in the terpenoid pathway for the production of gibberellins with one
of the main roles is the stimulation of cell elongation27.

Number of branch
The data pertaining to progressive number of branch influenced by different
concentration of PBZ at different growth intervals were statistically analyzed and
presented in the Table 4.1 and depicted diagrammatically as in Figure ….

The number of branch in general increased by multifold between week 3 DAT and up
to the harvest stage.
Table 4.3: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on number of branch.
Bars indicate ± SE

Number of Branch
Treatment
Week 3 DAT Week 5 DAT Week 7 DAT
T1 0 12.00± 13.80±
T2 0 11.40± 13.60±
T3 0 11.40± 15.00±
T4 0 11.20± 15.20±
T5 0 10.60± 16.00±
T6 0 11.00± 15.20±

Chart Title
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Week 5 Week 7

0 mg/L 25 mg/L 50 mg/L 100 mg/L 150 mg/L 200 mg/L

Table 4.3: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on number of

branch. Bars indicate ± SE

The data presented in Table 4.3 shows that the highest number of branch obtained on
week 5 at T1 (12.00±) and the lowest is obtained by T5 (10.6±). On week 7 the
highest number of branch obtained at T5 (16.00±) and the lowest obtained at T2
(13.6±). In general on week 5 DAT, the number of branch at par between control and
treatment plants. On week 7 DAT, the number of branch T3 to T6 shows the highest
compared to control. There is not significant different on number of branch on both
week 5 and 7 DAT. This finding is similar to finding of Mahmoud and Mohamed
(2015), reported that application of PBZ increase the number of leaves of eggplant.
Mohammed et al. (2017) also reported that foliar application of PBZ increased the
number of leaves in Lagerstroemia indica plants. Blockage of the pathway inhibits
gibberellin production and this does not stop cell division to retard the elongation of
new cells, resulting the generation of similar number of leaves and branches but with
shorter internodes28,29.

Area of 5th leaf

The data pertaining to progressive leaf area of 5th leaf influenced by different
concentration of PBZ at different growth intervals were statistically analyzed and
presented in the Table 4.1 and depicted diagrammatically as in Figure ….

The leaf area in general increased by multifold between week 3 DAT and up to the
harvest stage. At week 3 DAT stage, it ranged from 49.64 to 101.40 cm2, at week 5
DAT it ranged 90.87 to 147.24 cm2 and at week 7 DAT it ranged 106.81 to 144.63
cm2.
Table 4.4: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on leaf area. Bars indicate
± SE

Leaf Area (cm2)

Treatment
Week 3 DAT Week 5 DAT Week 7 DAT
T1 60.38± 122.77± 115.82±
T2 73.45± 147.24± 126.41±
T3 49.84± 108.06± 123.11±
T4 57.69± 90.87± 144.63±
T5 101.40± 121.08± 121.13±
T6 68.33± 120.98± 106.81±

Chart Title
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Week 3 (Before PBZ Week 5 Week 7
Application)

0 mg/L 25 mg/L 50 mg/L 100 mg/L 150 mg/L 200 mg/L

Table 4.4: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on leaf area.

Bars indicate ± SE

The data presented in table.. shows that the largest leaf area obtained on week 3
(before PBZ application) is by T5 (101.40± cm2) and the smallest obtained by T3
(49.84± cm2). On week 5 at T5 (121.08± cm2) and the lowest is obtained by T4
(90.87± cm2). On week 7 the largest leaf area obtained at T4 (144.63± cm2) and the
lowest obtained at T6 (106.81± cm2). In general on week 5 and 7 DAT, the leaf area at
the highest of concentration PBZ shows the smallest area compared to control. There
is insignificant different in leaf area for all week. Previous study by Zhang et al.,
(2006) on soybean reported that application of PBZ will decrease the leaf area. Also
this finding similar to finds of Mohamed et al. (2017) whom reported that application
of PBZ by soil drenching and foliar spray reduce the leaf area on Lagerstroemia
indica. However, there is no significant different on leaf area of 5th leaf of brinjal. The
reduction in leaf area due to inhibition of PBZ on GA3 which will reduce cell
elongation with low production rate of cell division (Marshall et al. 2001)

Number of bud
The data pertaining to progressive number of bud influenced by different
concentration of PBZ at different growth intervals were statistically analyzed and
presented in the Table 4.1 and depicted diagrammatically as in Figure ….

The number of bud in general increased by multifold between week 3 DAT and up to
the harvest stage. At week 5 DAT it ranged 4.60 to 9.40 and at week 7 DAT it ranged
5.80 to 9.60.
Table 4.5: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on number of bud. Bars
indicate ± SE

Number of Bud
Treatment
Week 3 DAT Week 5 DAT Week 7 DAT
T1 0.00 5.20± 7.40±
T2 0.00 5.00± 5.80±
T3 0.00 4.60± 9.60±
T4 0.00 5.20± 7.60±
T5 0.00 4.80± 9.00±
T6 0.00 9.40± 6.80±

Chart Title
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Week 3 (Before PBZ Week 5 Week 7
Application)

0 mg/L 25 mg/L 50 mg/L 100 mg/L 150 mg/L 200 mg/L

Table 4.5: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on number of

bud. Bars indicate ± SE

The data presented in Table 4.5 shows that the highest number of bud obtained on
week 5 at T6 (9.40±) and the lowest is obtained by T3 (4.60±). On week 7 the highest
number of bud obtained at T3 (9.60±) and the lowest obtained at T2 (5.80±). In
general on week 5 and 7 DAT, the number of bud by applying PBZ showing
increasing in number compared to control. On week 5, there is significant different in
number of bud between T6 and T1. However on week 7 there is significant different
between the control and treatment. The increasing of buds number with application of
PBZ reported by Yayat et al. (2013) on Begonia rex-cultorum and also Mohamed et
al.(2017) on Lagerstroemia indica by soil drenching and foliar spray. Application of
PBZ independently can increase the number of buds due to amount of cytokinin
formed and allocation of photosintate utilization (Yayat et al. 2013). The study
conducted by Gardner et al. (1991), shows that transport of cytokinin hormone from
the roots will stimulate the formation of axillary buds. Syahid (2007) also reported,
the application of PBZ in tissue culture on ginger plant, raise the formation of new
buds although in small amount due to endogenous cytokinin content.

Chlorophyll content

The data pertaining to progressive of chlorophyll content influenced by different

concentration of PBZ at different growth intervals were statistically analyzed and
presented in the Table 4.6 and depicted diagrammatically as in Figure 4.6.

The chlorophyll content in general increased by multifold between week 3 DAT and
up to the harvest stage. At week 3 DAT, the chlorophyll content ranged 39.79 to
41.37, at week 5 DAT it ranged 36.42 to 46.75 and at week 7 DAT it ranged 41.55 to
51.57.
Table 4.6: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on chlorophyll content.
Bars indicate ± SE

Chlorophyll Content
Treatment
Week 3 DAT Week 5 DAT Week 7 DAT
T1 39.44± 39.07± 41.80±
T2 41.96± 42.23± 43.27±
T3 41.62± 41.84± 47.92±
T4 40.36± 42.61± 47.69±
T5 41.89± 46.39± 48.69±
T6 40.87± 41.66± 51.29±

Chart Title
60.00

50.00

40.00

30.00

20.00

10.00

0.00
Week 3 (Before PBZ Week 5 Week 7
Application)

0 mg/L 25 mg/L 50 mg/L 100 mg/L 150 mg/L 200 mg/L

Table 4.6: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on

chlorophyll content. Bars indicate ± SE
The data presented in table.. shows that the highest chlorophyll content obtained on
week 3 is at T5 (41.89±) and the lowest is obtained by T1 (39.44±). On week 5 at T5
(46.39±) and the lowest is obtained by T1 (39.07±). On week 7 the highest
chlorophyll content obtained at T6 (51.29±) and the lowest obtained at T1 (41.80±). In
general on week 5 and 7 DAT, the application of PBZ shows the highest chlorophyll
content compared to control (T1). The chlorophyll content keep increasing from T2 to
T6 with increasing concentration of PBZ. There is significant different between the
treatment and control. The different between T6 and T1 (control) is large and
statistically significant. This finding is similar to previous study conducted by
Tekalign and Hammes (….), that stated chlorophyll content in potato is higher when
treated with PBZ. Mohamed et al. (2017) also reported that application of PBZ on
Lagerstroemia indica by soil drenching and foliar spray increase the chlorophyll
content. The reasons why chlorophyll content increase by application of PBZ is
reported by Chenay (2015), chlorophyll content on plant that treated by PBZ is
general phenomenon that related to size and number of chloroplast.

Root length
The data pertaining to progressive root length influenced by different concentration of
PBZ at different growth intervals were statistically analyzed and presented in the
Table 4.1 and depicted diagrammatically as in Figure ….

The root length in general decrease with increasing of PBZ from T4 to T6 in ranged
53.7 cm to 80.10 cm
Table 4.7: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on root length. Bars
indicate ± SE

Treatment Root Length (cm)

T1 68.25±
T2 53.70±
T3 80.10±
T4 56.25±
 T5 60.95±
T6 67.95±

Chart Title
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
Week 7

0 mg/L 25 mg/L 50 mg/L 100 mg/L 150 mg/L 200 mg/L

Table 4.7: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on root

length. Bars indicate ± SE.

The data presented in table.. shows that the longest root length obtained on T3 (80.10±
cm) and the lowest is obtained by T5 (53.70± cm). In general the length of the root
decrease with increasing PBZ concentration T4 to T6. The length of control is 68.25±
cm and the shortest length is 53.70± (25 mg/L of PBZ). The length of T6 is about on
par with control. However, there is no significant in root length at different
concentration of PBZ. The previous study by Mahmoud and Mohamed (2015)
reported the root length of brinjal plant decrease by applying PBZ compared to
control. However, in contra according to Nivedithadevi et al. (2012) and Berova et al.
(2000) whom reported that root length of brinjal and soybean respectively increasing
by applying PBZ compared to control. Basra (2000) reported that PBZ can stimulate
or inhibit the root growth depending on plant species and concentration of PBZ.
According to Arteca (1996) and Davis (2004), auxin is major hormone that play role
in cell elongation which causes increase in root growth.
Fresh weight of root
The data pertaining to progressive fresh weight of root influenced by different
concentration of PBZ at different growth intervals were statistically analyzed and
presented in the Table 4.1 and depicted diagrammatically as in Figure ….

The fresh weight root weight in general increase with increasing of PBZ from T2 to
T3 in ranged 81.24 g to 103.68 g
Table 4.8: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on fresh weight of root.
Bars indicate ± SE

Treatment Fresh weight of root (g)

T1 81.24±
T2 91.24±
T3 103.68±
T4 86.11±
T5 82.18±
T6 76.72±
 Chart Title
120.00

100.00

80.00

60.00

40.00

20.00

0.00
Week 7

0 mg/L 25 mg/L 50 mg/L 100 mg/L 150 mg/L 200 mg/L

Table 4.8: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on number of

leaves. Bars indicate ± SE

The data presented in table.. shows that the heaviest root is obtained by T3 (103.68±
g) and the smallest obtained by T6 (76.72± g). Generally, the fresh weight is
increasing by decreasing PBZ concentration (T6-T3). The PBZ application (T2-T5)
produce more root weight compared to control. However, there is no significant
different in fresh weight of root at different concentration of PBZ. According to
Hedayatullah et al. (2017) that reported application of PBZ increasing the fresh weight
of root on olive plant. Wanderley et al. (….) reported that higher PBZ concentration
reduced number of shoots and flowers and killing new growth as high concentration
of PBZ would be toxic to plants. Hartmann et al. (2011) reported that GA3 hormone
will inhibit root growth. However the PBZ is GA3 inhibitor (Hedden, 1983) which will
increase the root growth when applying it.
Dry weight of root
The data pertaining to progressive fresh weight of root influenced by different
concentration of PBZ at different growth intervals were statistically analyzed and
presented in the Table 4.1 and depicted diagrammatically as in Figure ….

The dry weight of root in general increase with application of PBZ from T2 to T6
compared to control in ranged 10.75 g to 22.76 g
Table 4.9: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on dry weight of root.
Bars indicate ± SE.

Treatment Dry weight of root (g)

T1 Chart Title 10.75±
25 T2 15.33±
T3 22.76±
20 T4 14.40±
T5 19.35±
15 T6 15.00±

10

0
Week 7

0 mg/L 25 mg/L 50 mg/L 100 mg/L 150 mg/L 200 mg/L

The data presented in table.. shows that the heaviest root is obtained by T3 (22.76± g)
and the smallest obtained by T1 (10.75± g). Generally, the dry weight of root is high
when applying PBZ compared to control. However, there is insignificant different
(P>0.05) on dry root weight under different PBZ concentration. This result can be
related to finds of Hedayatullah et al. (2017) that reported application of PBZ
increasing the dry weight of root of olive plant. Martinez et al. (2003) stated that PBZ
treatment, increased the carbohydrates content of cuttings.
First and 50% day took for flowering
The data pertaining to progressive first and 50% days took for flowering influenced by
different concentration of PBZ at different growth intervals were statistically analyzed
and presented in the Table 4.1 and depicted diagrammatically as in Figure ….

The day took for first and 50 % flowering general decrease with increasing
concentration of PBZ.
Table 4.10: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on day took for first and
50 % flowering. Bars indicate ± SE.

Treatment Day took for first and 50% flowering (day)

T1 68.25±
T2 Chart Title66.25±
T3 66.50±
69
T4 67.25±
68 T5 64.50±
67
T6 64.50±

66

65

64

63

62
Week 7

0 mg/L 25 mg/L 50 mg/L 100 mg/L 150 mg/L 200 mg/L

The data presented in table.. shows that the longest day for flowering shows by T1
(68.25± days) followed by T4 (67.25± days). The fastest one is T6 and T5 (64.50±
day) followed by T2 (66.25± days) and T3 (66.50± days). Generally, the days for
flowering reduced when applying PBZ compared to control. The control took the
longest day for flowering. There is significant different (P<0.05) on days for first and
50% flowering. The T5 and T6 significantly produce early flower compared to
control. This finding is similar to Rai et al. (2003) that reported application of PBZ at
different concentration produce early flowering compared to control. The phenomena
of early flowering by applying PBZ can be explained with related to previous study
Upreti et al. (2013) that reported early flowering may involve relationship between
C:N ratio in plant tissue which they observed that increased in C:N ration and leaf
following PBZ application and thus drastically increase C:N ratio in at the bud break.
They also reported that C:N ratio in shoot of treated mango with PBZ positively
related to ABA and cytokinins prior to flora bud break.
Number of harvested fruit
The data is showing number of matured fruit that harvested influenced by different
concentration of PBZ after 2 month of transplanting. There were statistically analyzed
and presented in the Table 4.1 and depicted diagrammatically as in Figure ….

The number of harvested fruit generally increase with increasing concentration of

PBZ (T3-T6)
Table 4.11: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on number of harvested
fruit. Bars indicate ± SE

Treatment Number of harvested fruit

T1 1.00±
T2 2.60±
T3 1.60±
T4 1.80±
T5 2.00±
T6 2.80±
Chart Title
3

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
Week 7

0 mg/L 25 mg/L 50 mg/L 100 mg/L 150 mg/L 200 mg/L

The data presented in table.. shows that the highest number of fruit obtained at T6
(2.80±) followed by T2 (2.60±), T5 (2.00±) and T4 (1.80±). The lowest number of
harvested fruit is obtained by T1 (1.00±) and followed by T3 (1.60±). Generally, the
number of harvested fruit for PBZ application is higher compared to control one. The
number of harvested fruit increase from T3 to T6. This finding can be related to finds
of Rai et al. (2003) that reported fruits/plant significantly increased by higher
concentration of PBZ. Pang et al. (1999) also reported that superior effect of PBZ is to
increase number of fruit and fruit weight. The increasing number of fruit with
application of PBZ is may due to buildup of carbohydrate reserves prior to leaf
abscission or less competition between vegetative and reproductive organs as reported
in peach cv. Florida Price (George et al., 1995).
Yield
The data is showing yield in term of weight of brinjal influenced by different
concentration of PBZ after 2 month of transplanting. There were statistically analyzed
and presented in the Table 4.1 and depicted diagrammatically as in Figure ….
Table 4.12: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on yield. Bars indicate ±
SE

Treatment Yield (g)

T1 127.33±
T2 190.33±
T3 154.67±
T4 119.33±
T5 117.33±
T6 187.00±

Chart Title
3

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
Week 7

0 mg/L 25 mg/L 50 mg/L 100 mg/L 150 mg/L 200 mg/L

Table 4.12: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on yield.

Bars indicate ± SE
The data presented in table.. shows that the highest yield is obtained by T2 (190.33±
g) followed by T6 (187.00± g), T3 (154.67± g). The lowest yield is obtained by T5
(117.33± g) led by T4 (119.33± g) and T1 (127.33± g).. Generally, the yield is higher
when applying PBZ compared to control. There is significant different in yield of
brinjal plant. T2 and T6 significantly different compared to control (T1). This finding
is harmony to finds of Benjawan et al. (2007) that reported PBZ application increase
yield of okra pods. Negi and Sharma (2011) also reported fruit yield (kg/tree)
significantly high peach tree that treated with PBZ. PBZ has important property on
accumulation of carbohydrate thus speeds rapid growth of sinks which increase crop
yields (Katz et al. 2003 and Benjawan et al. 2006)
Fruit length
The data is showing fruit length influenced by different concentration of PBZ after 2
month of transplanting. There were statistically analyzed and presented in the Table
4.1 and depicted diagrammatically as in Figure ….
Table 4.12: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on fruit length. Bars
indicate ± SE

Treatment Fruit length (cm)

T1 17.80±
T2 14.61±
T3 16.79±
T4 14.27±
T5 12.23±
T6 13.22±

Chart Title
20.00
18.00
16.00
14.00
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
Week 7

0 mg/L 25 mg/L 50 mg/L 100 mg/L 150 mg/L 200 mg/L

Table 4.12: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on fruit

length. Bars indicate ± SE
The data presented in table.. shows that the highest fruit length is obtained by T1
(17.80± cm) followed by T3 (16.79± cm), T2 (14.61± cm) and T4 (14.27± cm). T5
(12.23± cm) shows the shortest fruit length and followed by T6 (13.22± cm). There is
no significant different in fruit length. In general, the fruit length is reduce when
applying PBZ compared to control one. This is harmony to finds of Rai et al. (2003)
reported fruit length of bottle gourd reduce with application of PBZ.
Fruit diameter
The data is showing fruit diameter influenced by different concentration of PBZ after
2 month of transplanting. There were statistically analyzed and presented in the Table
4.1 and depicted diagrammatically as in Figure ….
Table 4.12: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on fruit diameter. Bars
indicate ± SE

Treatment Fruit Diameter (cm)

T1 3.94±
T2 3.64±
T3 4.03±
T4 3.73±
T5 3.84±
T6 3.76±

Chart Title
4.1

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.4
Week 7

0 mg/L 25 mg/L 50 mg/L 100 mg/L 150 mg/L 200 mg/L

Table 4.12: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on fruit

diameter. Bars indicate ± SE
The data presented in table.. shows that the highest fruit diameter is obtained by
T3(4.03± cm) followed by T1 (3.94± cm), T5 (3.84± cm). The lowest diameter is
obtained by T2 (3.64± cm) and followed by T4 (3.73± cm) at par T6 (3.76± cm). Only
one treatment of PBZ (T3) which has high fruit diameter compared to control.
However, there is no significant different in the fruit diameter. This result may be
related to Benjawan et al. (2007) which they reported that chemical PBZ had no
significant effect on pod diameter of okra.
Fresh weight of shoot
The data pertaining to progressive fresh weight of shoot influenced by different
concentration of PBZ were statistically analyzed and presented in the Table 4.1 and
depicted diagrammatically as in Figure ….

The fresh weight root weight in general increase with increasing of PBZ from T2 to
T3 in ranged 81.24 g to 103.68 g
Table 4.13: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on fresh weight of shoot.
Bars indicate ± SE

Treatment Fresh weight of shoot (g)

T1 148.67±
T2 144.86±
T3 238.03±
T4 206.23±
T5 209.39±
T6 176.41±

Chart Title
250

200

150

100

50

0
Week 7

0 mg/L 25 mg/L 50 mg/L 100 mg/L 150 mg/L 200 mg/L

Table 4.13: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on fresh

weight of shoot. Bars indicate ± SE
The data presented in table.. shows that the heaviest shoot is obtained by T3 (238.03±
g) followed by T5 (209.39± g) and T4 (206.23± g). The lightest shoot is obtained by
T2 (144.86± g) followed by T1 (148.67± g) and T6 (176.41± g). Generally, the T3 to
T6 increased in shoot weight compared to control. Increase in PBZ concentration
reduce the fresh weight of shoot from T6 up to T3 Generally, the fresh weight is
increasing by decreasing PBZ concentration (T6-T3). However, there is no significant
different in fresh shoot weight. From the previous study that reported by Malgorzata
et al. (2002) and Bundit et al. (2017), the shoot fresh weight reduce in present of PBZ
in wheat and rice plant respectively. However, the shoot fresh weight will be
increased under salt stress that harmony by finding of Bundit et al. (2017) on rice
plant. Maybe in T3 to T6 treatment, there are salt stress due to fertilizer given to the
plant. It is possible that PBZ could reduce the adverse effect of salinity as previously
reported in cowpea13, and barley27,
Dry weight of shoot
The data pertaining to progressive dry weight of shoot influenced by different
concentration of PBZ were statistically analyzed and presented in the Table 4.1 and
depicted diagrammatically as in Figure ….
Table 4.13: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on dry weight of shoot.
Bars indicate ± SE

Treatment Dry weight of shoot (g)

T1 30.70±
T2 28.00±
T3 45.10±
T4 37.20±
T5 91.30±
T6 76.60±

Chart Title
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Week 7

0 mg/L 25 mg/L 50 mg/L 100 mg/L 150 mg/L 200 mg/L

Table 4.13: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on dry

weight of shoot. Bars indicate ± SE

The data presented in table.. shows that the heaviest shoot is obtained by T5 (91.30±
g) followed by T6 (76.60± g), T3 (45.10± g). The lightest dry shoot is obtained by T2
(28.00± g) followed by T1 (30.70± g) and T4 (37.20± g). According to Bundit et al.
(2017), dry weight of shoot will be decreased under normal condition with application
PBZ but will increase with salinity affect. This is shows by T2 which has low dry
weight compared to control (T1). T5 and T6 shows the highest weight and large
different compared to other and this could due to insufficient drying. There is
insignificant different in dry shoot weight at different PBZ concentration.

Total Soluble Solid (TSS)

The data pertaining to progressive TSS influenced by different concentration of PBZ
were statistically analyzed and presented in the Table 4.1 and depicted
diagrammatically as in Figure ….
Table 4.13: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on TSS. Bars indicate ±
SE

Treatment TSS (%)

T1 5.35±
T2 6.25±
T3 6.10±
T4 6.10±
T5 6.25±
T6 5.85±

Chart Title
6.4
6.2
6
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.2
5
4.8
Week 7

0 mg/L 25 mg/L 50 mg/L 100 mg/L 150 mg/L 200 mg/L

Table 4.13: Effect of different concentration of palcobutrazol on TSS.

Bars indicate ± SE

The data presented in table.. shows that the highest TSS content obtained by T5 and
T2 (6.25± %) followed by T3 and T4 (6.10± %) and T6 (5.85± %. The lowest TSS
content obtained by T1 (5.35± %). Generally, application of PBZ increase the TSS
content compared to control. The TSS content increase from T2 to T5 and drop at T6.
However the dropping is still higher than control. There is significant different in TSS
content with different concentration of PBZ. This result is harmony to finding of Rai
et al. (2003) and Ashraf et al. (2015) that reported TSS increase with increasing PBZ
concentration. The TSS increase due to reallocation of carbohydrates towards the
fruits (Rai et al. 2003). PBZ treatments can be related to assimilate partitioning of the
plant which assimilate unidirectional to the developing fruit due to suppression in
vegetative growth (Teferi et al. 2004) .