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文章编号 :1008‐9209( 2011) 04‐0446‐07 DOI :10 .3785 / j .issn .1008‐9209 .2011 .04 .014
, 肖家欣 , 杨 慧 , 张绍铃
1 ,倡 1 ,2 , 倡 1 2
申燕
( 1 .安徽师范大学 生命科学学院 生物环境与生态安全安徽省高校省级重点实验室 ,安徽 芜湖 241000 ;
2 .南京农业大学 园艺学院 ,江苏 南京 210095 )
S HEN Yan1 , 倡 , XIAO Jia‐xin1 ,2 , 倡 , YANG Hui1 , Z HANG Shao‐ling2 ( 1 . A nhui Prov ince K e y
L aborator y o f Biotic Env ironment and Ecolo g ical Sa f ety , Colle ge o f L i f e Sciences , A nhui Normal
University , W uhu , A nhui 241000 , China ; 2 . College o f H orticulture , N an j ing A gricultural
Universit y , N an j ing 210095 , China)
Effects of magnesium deficiency on the physiological indices , magnesium distribution and leaf ultrastructure
of Citrus cultivars shiranuhi" and ponkan" . Journal of Zhejiang U niversity ( Agric畅 & Life Sci畅 ) ,
2011 ,37( 4) :446‐452
Abstract : By using sand culture , the changes of physiological and anatomical features and the characteristics of
magnesium ( Mg ) distribution of Citrus cultivars shiranuhi" [ Citrus reticulata × ( C . reticulata × C .
sinenesis) ] and ponkan" ( C . reticulata) seedlings were studied in the Mg‐deficient conditions . The results
showed : 1 ) The deficiency of Mg decreased significantly the plant biomass , root viability , leaf chlorophyll
contents and superoxidase dismutase ( SOD ) activities of both cultivars , especially for shiranuhi" . Mg
收稿日期 : 2010‐11‐23
基金项目 :高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目 ( 20103424120002 ) ;安徽省自然科学基金资助项目 ( 070411004 ) ;中国
博士后科学基金资助项目 ( 20080430172 ) .
作者简介 :申燕 ( 1976 — ) ,女 ,安徽含山人 ,硕士研究生 ,主要从事植物生理和生态方面的研究 . E‐mail :leonshenyan @ 163 .com .
通信作者 :肖家欣 ,男 ,博士 ,副教授 ,硕士生导师 ,主要从事植 物生理和 分子生物学 方面的研究 . E‐mail :xjx0930 @ 163 .com .
倡 共同第一作者 .
第4期 申燕 ,等 : 镁缺乏对 不知火"和 椪柑"生理指标 、镁分布及叶片超微结构的影响 447
deficiency increased significantly peroxidase ( POD ) activities , malondialdehyde ( MDA ) contents and relative
conductivity of both plant leaves . Furthermore , MDA contents and relative conductivity in shiranuhi" were
significantly higher than those in ponkan" . In addition , leaf catalase ( CAT ) activity of shiranuhi" in Mg‐
deficient condition increased significantly , but it wasn t observed on ponkan" . 2 ) Mg contents of both
cultivars leaves increased with increasing Mg concentration in solution , and they decreased obviously with the
leaf aged . Furthermore , Mg contents of shiranuhi" were significantly higher than that of ponkan" under Mg‐
deficient condition . 3 ) Ultrastructural observation of leaf structure and chloroplast showed that the organelle of
shiranuhi" was damaged seriously under Mg‐deficient condition , which was revealed by the vague thylakoid
lamella with less number , drastic increase of starch grain volume , and the blurred membranes of chloroplast and
mitochondria . As to ponkan" , distortion , plasmolysis and less grana lamella of chloroplast were observed , but
the starch grain and plastoglobuli numbers were increased . Thus , it is suggested that the influences of Mg
deficiency on physiological and anatomical features were more obvious in shiranuhi" than in ponkan" .
Key words : magnesium deficiency ; shiranuhi [ Citrus reticulate × ( C . reticulata × C . sinenesis ) ] ; ponkan
( Citrus reticulata Blanco) ; physiological index ; magnesium distribution ; ultrastructure
镁是植物生长发育所必需的中量矿质元 一步解释镁缺乏胁迫对柑橘生长发育的影响及
素 ,也是生产上普遍较缺乏的矿质营养之一 .有 其机制 ,以期为柑橘栽培中缺镁症状的及时诊
关缺镁对植物生理生化指标的影响已有较多报 断和平衡施肥提供科学依据 .
道 [ 1‐4 ]
,如缺镁引起菜豆植株体内保护酶系统活
性的提高 ,有利于减轻外源除草剂对其造成的 1 材料与方法
伤害 [ 5]
.此外 ,在植物缺镁症状出现之前 ,其叶
片叶绿体超微结构的变化往往已经很明显 [
6‐7 ]
. 1畅 1 试验设计
柑橘因缺镁造成叶主脉 2 侧出现肋骨状黄色区 以 2 年生的枳砧 不知火" 和 椪柑 " 幼苗为
域 ( 但叶尖至基部仍保持绿色 ) ,其特有的叶脉 试验试材 ,选取砧木粗度( 直径 0畅9 cm) 及高度
间失绿黄化的缺镁症状 ,对其细胞内部结构如 ( 35 cm) 相对一致且生长良好的嫁接苗 ,重剪地
叶绿体造成的影响并不十分清楚 . 上部 ( 保留接穗茎 3 ~ 4 cm) 和主根 ( 保留主根3 ~
不 知 火 " 杂 柑 [ Citrus reticulata × ( C . 5 cm) ,洗净附土后于 4 月 1 日移栽至盛有 10 L
reticulata × C . sinenesis ) ] 是以 清见橘橙"与 左右的石英砂与珍珠岩 [ V ( 石英砂 ) ∶V ( 珍珠
中野 3 号椪柑"杂交育成的后代 ,因其晚熟 、果 岩) = 1∶1] 的不透光塑料盆钵中 ,前期仅供应蒸
实品质极优 ,现已成为我国目前大力推广的优 馏水进行练苗 ,待萌发出新叶时 ( 4 月 28 日 ) 用
良柑橘新品种 .然而 ,近年来该柑橘品种在柑橘 无镁的 1/ 4 Hoagland 和 Aron 全浓度营养液浇
产区表现出明显的缺素黄化症状 ,严重影响到 灌 ,每 2 d 浇灌 1 次 ,待新叶长出 7 ~ 8 片时( 5 月
柑橘产量和品质的形成 .而在相同土壤与栽培 30 日) 采用 1/ 2 Hoagland 和 Aron 微量元素 ( 全
管理条件下 , 与 不知火 " 在遗传上有亲缘关系 浓度 ) 配 方 .完 全 营 养 液 配 方 为 :Ca ( NO3 ) 2 爛
的 椪柑"等其他柑橘品种并无异常黄化表现 . 4H2 O 4 mmol 爛 L - 1 , KNO3 6 mmol 爛 L - 1 ,
前期研究 [ ] 表明 ,田间 不知火 " 叶片黄化症状 NH4 H2 PO4 1 mmol 爛 L , MgSO4 爛 7H2 O 2
8 -1
注 :同列数据后的不同小写字母表示在 P < 0畅 05 水平差异有统计学意义 .
柱状图上的不同小写字母表示同一部位各处理间在 P < 0畅 05 水平差异有统计学意义 .
图 1 镁缺乏对 不知火"和 椪柑"植株各部位干质量的影响
Fig .1 Effects of M g deficiency on dry mass of different parts of shiranuhi" and ponkan"
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