eget Hist Archaeobot (2001) 10:33-60 Vegetation History and Archaeobotany © Springer-Verag 2001 Literature on archaeological remains of cultivated plants (1999/2000) Helmut Krolt Institut ir Ur- und Frabgeschichte, Christian-Albrecht-Universitit, D-24098 Kiel, Geemany Received November 22, 2000 / Accepted November 27, 2000 Abstraet. Publications oa archaeological remains of culti- vated plants have been collected, mainly from 1999, with some earlier and some from 2000. A list is given of the finds according co taxon, country, site, and age. Key words: Bibliography logy Cultivated plants ~ Archaeo- Introduction This review lists information on archaeological remains of, cultivated plants. The information is never complete. No- menclature follows Schultze-Motel J (1986) Rudolf Mansfeld, Verzeichnis londwirtschoftlicher und gartne- rischer Kulturpflancen (ohne Zierpflanzen), Berlin, 2nd edition, The author continues collecting this information on cultivated plants, and would be glad to receive relevant offprints, to be send to the address given above, for inclu- sion of their details in future bibliographies. = This is a rigorously shortened version of the collected material Many taxa of uncertain character - wild, collected or do- mesticated (such as Corplus aveilana, Fragaria vesca, Sambucus spp.) - ere omitted, In principle, the author col= ects information on taxa listed in Mansfelds Kultur- pflancenverzeichnis. For further information, please con tact the author (hkroll@ufg.uni-kiel.de). The finds (L.) Delile Egypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ca, 1323 [245] Aegilops sp. . Slovakia: review late Neolithic/Chalcolithie [76], Spain: several sites in western Catalonia, B.C. 2nd-Ist millen. [1] Aframomum melegueta (Roscoe) K. Schum. Germany: Corvey, A.D. 12th-I3th cont. [265]; Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent. [129]; Luneburg, A.D. 14th-17th cent. [256]. Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269] Allium cepa L. Egypt: Kellis, A.D. 4th cent, [238] Allium sativum L. Egypt: Kellis, A.D. 4th cent. [238] Allfium sp. cult Germany: Kéin, Roman [112]. Amaranthus lividus L. Germany: Koln, Roman (112: Carolingian [109} Meerbusch-Baderich, A.D. 10th-I3th cent. [110]. Hungary: middle Bronze Age fortified sottlements (74) Amaranthus sp Slovakia! review late Neolithie/Chaleotihie [76] Spain: Cova des Catritx (Menorca), lats Bronze Age (234) Amygdalus communis | Egypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ca. 1323 [245]; Kellis, A.D. 4th cent. [238] France: review all phases [155]. Germany: Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent. [129]. Greece: Franchthi Cave, upper Paleolithic to Neolithic [82]; Makri, middle‘late Neolithic [244] aly: Pompeii, A.D. 79 [41] Netherlands: Groningen, inte Middle Ages/modern times [269] Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 (31) Anethum graveolens L. Review early Neolithic evideace in central Europe [33]: AD. 4th-8th cent. southwestern Germany [211]; eastern central Europe A.D. 1090 [128] Belgium: Pommeraul, Gallo-Roman [136], Czech Republic: Tabor, A.D. 15th-17th cent. [190]. Egypt: Kellis, A.D, 4th cent, [238],” Germany: Dieburg, Roman [70]; Koln, Roman [112]; Carolingian [109]; Meerbusch-Baderich, A.D. 10th-13th cent, [110]: Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent, [129]; Reutlingen, A.D. [th cent. [212]; Lineburg. A.D. 4th-17th cent. [256]; Stralsund, AD. 16the17th cent, [257] Great Britain: Salisbury, A.D. 13th cent. (90). Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269] Poland: Wolin, early Middle Ages [136]; Krakow, AD. 16th cent. [240]. Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [31]; Schaffhausen, A.D. Ilth-12th cent. [26]; Basel, A.D. 13th cent. [106}. Anthems tinctoria L. Germany: Reutlingen, A.D. 14th cent. [212], Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages’modern times [269]. Poland: Wolin, early Middle Ages [136] Apium graveotens L. Review early Neolithic evidence in central Europe [133]; eastern central Europe A.D. 1000 [128], Belgium: Pommerceul, Gallo-Roman [138], Czech Republic: Tabor, A.D. 15th-17th cent. 190] Egypt: Kellis, A.D. 4th cent, [238] Germany: some sites at the river Neckar, pre-Roman ron Age [235]: Dieburg, Roman [70]; Koln, Ro- man {112}; Carolingian [109]; Elisenhof, early Middle Ages [16]; Mcerbusch-Baderich, A.D. 10th-13th cent. [110]; Corvey, A.D. 12th-13th cent, [265]; Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent, [129], Great Britain: Witham, B.C. late Ist cent. [177]; Salis- bury, A.D. 13th cent, [90] Italy: Scafati, A.D. 79 [40] Netherlands: Groningen, A.D. 1st-2nd cent, [248]; late Middle Ages/modera times [269} Poland: Wolin, early Middle Ages [136]; Krakéw, A.D. 16th cent. [240]. Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [31]; Schaffhausen, A.D. 1th-12th cent, [26]; Basel, A.D. 13th cent, (106) Arbutus unedo L France: review all phases [155] Italy: Seafati, A.D. 79 [40] Spain: Cuevas Redil, Neolithic (charcoal) (8). Armeniaca vulgaris L. Review late Neolithic/Chalcolithie (Ukraine, Mol- davis) [76] France: review all phases [155]. Egypt: Kellis, A.D. 4th cent, [238] Artemisia anmua L. Turkey: Kumtepe; ‘Troy, Bronze/lron Age (203; 204] Ariemisia vulgaris L. Poland: Jakuszowiee, Roman Iron Age [142: 241]. Atriplex hortensis L. Germany: Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent. (129); Limneburg, A.D. 14th-17th cent, [256]. Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269] Aver fut Relationships in Avena [225]; keyword Hoyer [209] France: Mont Beuvray, B.C. 20 (258, Germany: Altenwalde; Hesel, Bronze‘lron Age [15]; Buschdorf, La Tene [259]; Nida, A.D. 2nd-3rd cent. [122]; Koln, Roman (112); Trier, late Roman [116]; Sievern-Lainyenacker, early Romaa Iron Age [15]; Joldclund, A.D. 4th-sth cent, [254]; Olden ‘burg, A.D. 13th-18th cent. [129]; towns, villages in Baden-Wairtemberg, house construction materials, late Middle Ages/modern times [58] Great Britain: Witham, B.C. late Ist cent. [177] Hungary: middle Bronze Age fortified settlements (741 Netherlands: Westwoud, middle‘late Bronze Age [34]; Oss-Ussen, Iron Age [10]: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269] Poland: Wasosz Gémny, early Roman Iron Aye [18] Switzerland: eastern Swiss Alps, Bronze/Izon Age [97]; Develier-Courtétle, carly Middle Ages [30] Avena sativa L. Relationships in Avena [225]; implications for domes- tication [85]; keyword /afer [209] Belgium: Gallo-Roman sites [138] Germany: review Lausitz (Lusatia) Iron Age to Middle ‘Ages (modern times) [96]; Borg, late Hallstatt pe- riod [261]; Passau, Roman [93]; Sievern-Langen- acker, early Roman Iron Age [15]; Joldelund, A.D. 4th-Sth cent, [254]; Meerbusch-Buderich, A.D. Othe13th cent. [110]; Corvey, A.D. 8th-9th/T2th- 13th cent. [265]; Pasewalk, A.D. late 13th cent. (92]; Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent. [129]; Reutlingen, A.D. 14th cent. [212]; Stralsund, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [257} Netherlands: Heeten, A.D. 4th cent, [139]; Gouda- ostpolder, A.D. 12th cent. [13]; Groningen, late Middle Agesimodem times [269] Poland: Wasosz Gémy, early Roman fron Age [18] Jakuszowice, Roman Iron Age [142; 241]: Wolin, early Middle Ages [136] Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [132]; Develior- Courtételle, early Middle Ages [30]; Basel, A.D, 13th cent, (106]; Thun, A.D. 13th cent. [29] Ukraine: review Bronze Age [192]; Pastyrs'koe Gorodishche, (early?) Slavonie [195]. ; keyword Hafer [209] Slovakia: review late Neolithic/Chaleolithie [76] Avena strigosa Schred, Implications for domestication [85] Germany: Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent. [129],Avena sp. Relationships in 4vena[225}; implications for domes- tication [85]; spec‘es determination of dehusked carbonized grains [ 821; review eastern central Eu: rope A.D. 1000 [128]: keyword Hafer [209] Austria: St. Veit-Klinglberg, early Bronze Age [73] Belgium: Pommercul, Gallo-Roman [138] Bulgaria: Kovachevo, early Neolithic [153]. Denmark: settlement history Slesvig, Neolithie/Bronze ‘Age [55]; Sonderborg, Roman Iron Age [207]; Kobenhavn, A.D, 12th cent. [207] Egypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ca. 1323 [245]. France: review late Bronzefearly Iron Age [252]; Villeneuve-la-Guyard, late Bronze Age [252]; Le Briangonnais, Bronze Age [218]; Chassenard, early Iron Age [252]; Caen, middle to late La Tene [222]: Mosles, B.C. 4th cent. [151]; Mont Beuvray, laic La Téne/Gallo-Roman [253]; B.C. 20 [258]: Dury ‘Le Moulin’, Roman; A.D. 9th-1 th cent. [11]. Germany: Mardorf, Urnficld period [123]; Alten- walde; Hesel; Hamburg-Marmstorf, Bronze/lron Age [15]: Borg, late Hallstatt [261]: Blschdorf, La Tene [259]; Schmiden, B.C. 2nd cent. [108]; Garstedt, pre-Roman Iron Age [134]; Buendorf, Lemke, pre-Roman Iron Age; Midlum, late pre-Ro- rman Iron Age; Hamburg-Macmstorf, tura B. CVA, D.; Sievern-Langetacker, early Roman Iron Age; Loxstedt-Litrsttieke, Roman Iron Age/Migration period [15]: Jokdelund, A.D. 4theSth cent. [254] Lauehheim, A.D. éth-8th cent. [211]; Pasewalk, A.D. late 13th cent. [92]; Oldenburg, A.D. 13th- 18th cent, [129]: Reutlingen, A.D. bth cent. [212] Stralsund, A.D.'16th-I7th cent. [257]; towns, vi lages in Baden-WCrttemberg, house Construction materials, late Middle Ages/modern times [58] Great Britain: Balbridie, Neolithic [171]: Tolpuddle Ball, Neolithic to Middle Ages [89]; Norwich southern bypass, late Bronze/lron Age [179] Danebury environs. late Bronze Age to Roman [36]: St. Albans, A.D. Ist cent, [178]; Silchester Roman [102]; Withim, late Roman [177]; Carlisle, Roman; Middle Ages’ [95]; Salisbury, A.D. 13th cent. [99] ece: Makri, middlejlate Neolithic [244] Luxemburg: Lamadeleine, B.C. Ist cent. 124]. Netherlands: Westwoud, middie/late Bronze Age [34]; Oss-Ussen, Iron Age [10]; Wijnaldum, A.D. st nillen. (8 periods) 191]; Gouda-Oostpolder, A.D. 12th cent. [13] Russia: review area between Prut_and Dniester, Neolithic, Linear Pottery culture (135) Slovakia: review late Neolithie/Chaleolithic [76]; Liptovska Sielnica-Liptovské Mara, middle La Tene [79] Spain: several sites in western Catslonia, B.C. 2nd-Ist millen, [1]; Cova des Carritx (Menorca), late Bronze Age [234]; El Castellar de Berrueco, Iron ‘Age [46]; Soti de Bureba, B.C. 7th-2nd cent. 182]; sites in the Bbro deka, B.C. Sth to 2nd cent. [43] Switzerland: eastern Swiss Alps, Bronze/lron Age [97]; Basel, A.D. 15th cent [106] ‘Turkey: Kumtepe: Troy, Bronze/lron Age [203; 204]. Ukraine: roview Neolittie, Chalcolithie [192]. 35 Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile Egypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ca, 1323 [245] Beta vulgaris L. Germany: Dieburg, Roman [70]; Kn, Roman [112]; review A.D. 4ih-8th cent. in the’ southwest (as Runkeirabe) [211]; Meetbusch-Biiderich, A.D. Loth-13th cent. [110]; Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent, [129]; Loneburg, A.D. L4th-17th cent, [256] ‘Netherlands: Groningen, A.D. 1st-2nd cent. [248] Spain: Cova des Carritx (Menorca), laie Bronze Age (as B. sp.) [234] Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [31]. Turkey: Kumtepe; Troy, Bronze/Iron Age 203; 204). Brachiaria sp. Egypt: Nabta Playa, early Neolithic (250). Brassica oleracea \. Germany: review A.D. éth-Sth cent. inthe southwest (as Kohl) PU]: Loneburg, A.D. 14tb-17th cent 236]; Stralsund, A.D. 16th-17th cent, 257]. Brassica rapa L. Review eastern central Europe A.D. 1000 [128]. Germany: Meerbusch-Buderich, A.D. 10ti-13th cent [110}; Stralsund, A.D. Loth-17th cent, 257] Great Britain: Danebury environs, late Bronze Age; pre-Roman Iron Age [36] Italy: Seafati, A.D, 79 [40] Netherlands: Westwoud, middle/late Bronze Age [34]; Oss-Ussen, Iron Age [10]; Wijnaldum, A.D. 1st millen. (8 periods) [191]; Groningen, Middle Ages [247]; Kampen, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [25] Poland: Wolin, early Middle Ages (136) Switzerland: La Newveville, A.D. 14th cent. [27] Brassica sp. Austria: St. Veit-Klinglberg, early Bronze Aze {73] Fgypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ca. 1323 [245]. Germany: K8In, Roman [112]; Carolingian [109]; Joldélund, A.D. dth-Sth cent, [254], Pasewalk, ‘AD. late 13th cent. [92] Great Britain: Danebury environs, pre-Roman Iron Age [36]; St. Albans, A.D. Ist cent. [178]; Silchester, Roman [102] Netherlands: Gouda-Oostpolder, A.D, 12th cent. [13]. Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [31]; Basel, A.D. 13th cent. [106] ‘Turkey: Kumtepe; Troy, Bronze‘lron Age [203; 204] Buxus sempervirens L. Germany: K6ln, Roman [112]. Calendula officinalis \. Turkey: Kumtepe; Troy, Bronze/Tron Age [203; 204], Camassia quamash (Pursh) Greene Ethnobotany in North America (as Quamassia q.) (227) Camelina alyssum (Mill. Thell Poland: Wrzesnica, early Middle Ages (ina bundle of flax) [137].36 Cametina sativa (L.) Crantz ‘Austria: Stillied, ate Bronze Age [117] Belgium: Gallo-Roman sites [138]. Denmark: settlement history Slesvig, Neolithie’Bronze ‘Age [35]: Djursland, late Neolithic to Bronze Age $7]; Sonderborg, Roman Iron Age [207] France! review late Bronzelearly Iron Age [252]; sites in central Gaul, late Bronze Age to final La Tene {158} sites in northern France, late Hallstatt to fi- nal La Tene [160]; Chassenard, carly tron Age (2521 Geimany: Mardorf, early Dronze Age; Urnfield period [123]; Buschdorf, La-Téne (259); some sites by the river Neckar, pre-Roman Iron Age [235]; Dieburg, Roman [70]; Joldelund, A.D. 4th-Sth cent. [254]; Pasewalk, A.D. late 13th cent. [92] Netherlands: Oss-Ussen, Iron Age [10]; Wijnaldum, A.D. [stmillen, (8 periods) [191] Poland: Wolin, early Middle Ages (136). Slovakia: review late Neolithic/Chaicolithie (76); Zemianske Podradie, late Bronze Age [77]. Switzerland: SchafThausen, A.D. | Ith-12th eent. [26] Turkey: Kumtepe; Troy, Bronzeilron Age (203; 204] Cannabis sativa | Keyword Hanf [210]; review eastern central Europe ‘A.D. 1000 [128] Germany: review Lausitz, early Middle Ages (modern times) [96]: Metelen, A.D. 10th cent. [220]; Meerbuseh-Baderich, A.D. [0th-13th cent. [110] Corvey, A.D. 12th-13th cent, [265]; Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18tb cent. [129] sat Britain: Salisbury. A.D. 13th cent. (90] Italy: Seafati, A.D. 79 [40|; Ventimiglia, late Roman (fibres and tissue) (5) Netherlands: Gouda-Oostpolder. A.D. 12th cent. [13]; Groningen, late Middle Ages‘modern times [269] Poland: Wolin, early Middle Ages [136]; Krakow, A.D. 16th cent, [240]. Russia: review area between Prut and Dniester, Neolithic, Linear Pottery culture [135] Switzerland: Develier-Courtételle, early Middle Ages 130; La Newvevitle, A.D. 14th cent. [27] Ukraine: review Neolithic; Bronze Age [192]; late Bronze Age, Sabetinoyskaya culture [193]. Pastirskoye Gorodishehye, (early?) Slavonic [195] Capparis spinosa L. Belgium: Bruges, Middle Ages [43] Egypt: Nabia Playa, early Neolithic (as C. sp.) [250] Israel: Hayonim terrace, Natufian [35 Spain: Cova des Carritx (Menorca), late Bronze Age 234]. Carthamus tinctorius L. Egypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ca, 1323 [245]. Carum carvi L. Ethnobotany in the (Austrisn) Alps [148]: review east= ern central Europe A.D. 1000 [128]. Germany: Meerbusch-Biderich, A.D. 10th-13th cent. [110]: Reutlingen, A.D. lth cent. [212]: Lanes burg, A.D. 14th-17th cent. [256]: Stralsund, A.D. 16th+17th cent. [257]. Poland: Krakow, A.D. 16th cent. [240] Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [31]; Ba cent. [106] el, A.D. 13th Caryoca nuciferum L ‘Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269], Castanea sativa P. Miller Holocene history in the eastern Mediterranean [24] France: review all phases [155]; Chassenon, late Ro- ‘man (charcoal) [198] Germany: Meerousch-Buderich, A.D. 10th-I3th cent. [110] Great Britain: Silchester, Roman (charcoal) [236]. Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269] Spain: Cova des Carritx (Menorca), late Bronze Age [234]. Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [31] Cedrus libani A. Rich. Egypt: use of cedar sawdust in embalming a late period rummy [6], Celtis australis | France: review all phases [155] Spain: Cova des Carritx (Menorca), late Bronze Age (234). Celtis sp. Nigeria: Kursakata, 1920-2860 B. P. (C, inegrifolia) [183], Cerasus avium {L.) Moench Review amulets Roman/Migration period [199]; east- rn central Europe A.D. 1000 [128]; keyword Kirsohe [215}. Czech Republic: Tabor, A.D. 1Sth-17th cent. (190} France: review all phases (155) Germany: Schmiden, B.C, 2nd cent. [108]; Buschdorf, Roman [260]; Dieburg, Roman [70]; KOln, Roman [112]: Carolingian [109]; Corvey. A.D.’ 8th-9th cent. [265]; Meerbusch-Baderich, A.D. 10th-13th cent, [110]; Oldenburg, A.D. 13¢h-18th cent, [129]; Reutlingen, A.D. lath cent. 212}, Stralsund, A.D, 16th-17th cent (257] Great Britain: Salisbury, A.D. 13th cent. [90] Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269] Poland: Wolin, early Middle Ages [136] Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [31]: SchafThausen, A.D. 1 1th-12th cent. [26] Cerasus fruticosa (Pall.) Voronoy Keyword Kirsche [215] Poland: Wroclaw, Middle Ages [119]. Cerasus vulgaris P. Miller Review amulets Roman/Migration period [199]; east-em central Europe A.D, Kirsche (215], Belgium: Pommerceul, Gallo-Roman [138] Czech Republic: Tabor, A.D, 15th-17th cent. [190]. France: review all phases [155]. Germany: Corvey, A.D. 8th-9th cent. [265]; Meerbusch-Buderich, A.D. 10the13th cent. [110]; Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent. [129]; Stralsund, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [257| Netherlands: Kampen, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [25]; Groningen, late Middle Ages‘modern times [269) Poland: Wolin, early Middle Ages [136]. ‘Switzerland: review A.D, 1000 [31]. 1000 [128]; keyword Coratonia siliqua L. France: review all phases (1 55]. Istacl: Hayonim terrace, Natufian [35] aly: Pompeii, A.D. 79 [41] Cicer arietinum L. (incl. C. reticulatum Ladizinsky) ‘As an original crop of the Fertile Crescent [141]; re- view Near Fast, B.C. 7th millen, [105]; B.C, 6th-Ist millen, {270}. Egypt: grave of Tutankamun, B.C. ea, 1323 [245]. Greece: Agios Mamas, Chalkidike, A.D. 12th-I4th nt, [125]. italy: Pompeii, A.D. 79 [41] Slovakia: review late Neolithic/Chalcolithie [76). Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [132] Turkey: Kumtepe; Troy, Bronze/Iron Age [203; 204]. Cichorium intybus L. Germany: Meerbusch-Blderich, A.D. 10th-13th ceat [110]; Reutiingen, .D. 14th cent. (as Cychorium) (212). Poland: Wasosz Gorny, early Roman Iron Age [18]; Wolin, early Middle Ages {136} Citrullus tanatus (Uhunb.) Matsumura et Nakai Fgypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ca, 1323 [245]: Kellis, A.D, 4th cent. [238], France: review all phases (155). Clarus medica L. Egypt: Kellis, A.D. 4th cent. [238] France: review all phases [155]. Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Vul Germany: Joldelund, A.D. 4th-Sth cent Pasewalk, A.D, late 13th cent. [92] [254]; Cocos nucifera L Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269] Coffea arabica L. Germany: Bremen, A.D. late 18th cent. [200] Coriandrum sativum L Czech Republic: Tabor, A.D. 15th-17th cent, [190], Egypt: grave of Tutanthamun, B.C. ea, 1323 [245]: Kellis, A.D. 4th cent, [238], 7 France: Dury ‘Le Moulin',A.D. 9th-11th ceat. [11]. Germany: Dieburg, Roman {70}; Koln, Reman [112]; Carolingian [109]; review A.D. 4th-8th cent. in the southwest [211]; Corvey, A.D. 12th-13th cent (265); Oldenburg, A.D. "13th-18th cent. [129]: Laneburg, A.D. Téth-17th cent. [256]; Stralsund, AD. 16th-17th cent. [257] Great Britain: Salisbury, A.D. 13th cent. [0] Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269]; Kampen, A.D. 16th-17th cent, [2 Poland: Wolin, carly Middle Ages {136]. Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [31] Cornus mas L Ethnobotany inthe (Austrian) Alps [148]; review east em central Europe A.D. 1000 [128] Bulgaria: Kovachevo, early Neolithic [153]; Tell Kapitan Dimitrevo, early/late Neolithis (152) France: review all phases [155] Germany: review A.D. 4th-8th cent, in the southwest [211]; Meerbusch-Baderich, A.D. 10th-13th cent, 19} Grecee: Maki, middle/late Neolithic 244} Hungary: middle Bronze Age fortified settlements 17) Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modem times [269]; Kampen, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [23] Russia: review atea between Prut and Dniester, ‘Neolithic, Linear Pttery culture [135] lovakia: review late Neolihic/Chalcoithc (76) Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [ Uleraine: late Bronze Age, Sabatinoyskaya culture 1193]. Cucumis melo L, France: review all phases [155] Germany: Dieburg, Roman [70] Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269] Cucumis sativus L Review easter central Europe A.D. 1000 [128] Czech Republic: Tabor, A.D. 1Sth-17th cent. [190] Egypt: Kellis, A.D, 4th cent. [238] France: review all phases [155] Germany: Lineburg, A.D. 14th-17th cent. (256) Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269] Poland: Krakow, A.D. 16th cent, [240] Switzerland: Schafhausen, A.D. 1th-12th cent. Cucurbita pepo L Germany: Luneburg, A.D. 14th-17th cent. (256). Netherlands: Groningen. late Middle Ages/modern times [269] Review United States of America [64]. Cupressus sempervirens L., Egypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ca, 1323 [245] Italy: Seafati, A.D. 79 [40] Spain: Cova des Cirritx (Menorca), late Bronze Age Pay38 Cydonia oblonga P, Miller Review eastern central Europe A.D. 1000 [128]. France: review all phases [155] Germany: Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent. [129], Cynara scolymus L Egypt: Kellis, A.D. 4th cent, [238] Cyperus escutentas L. egypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ca. 1323 [243], Cyperus longus L. ‘Turkey: Kumtepe; Troy, BronzevIron Age [203; 204], Cyperus papyras L gypt: grave of Tusankhamun, B.C. ca. 1323 [245] Grotee: plants depicted on wail paiatings, Bronze Age 1224] Cyperus rotundus L. Egypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ca. 1323 [245] Daucus carota L. Review eastern central Europe A.D. 1000 [128] Belgium: Pommercel, Gallo-Roman [138] Germany: Mardort, Urnfield period [123]; some sites bby the river Neckar, pre-Roman Iron Age [235]; Schmiden, B.C. 2nd cent. [108]; Koln, Roman [112k; Carolingian {109}; Joldelund, A.D. 4th-Sth cent. [254]; Lauchheim, A.D. 6th-8ih cent. [211]; Corvey. A.D. 8th-9th ‘cent, [265]: Meerbasch: Biiderich, A.D. 10th-13th cent. [110]; Reutlingen, A.D. lth cent. [212]: Laneburg, A.D. 1th-17th cent. [256], Hungary: middle Bronze Age fortified settlements (7p Italy: Scafati, A.D. 79 [40], ‘Netherlands: Westwoud, middle/late Bronze Age [34]; Oss-Ussen, Iron Age [10]; Heeteu, A.D. 4th cent 139]; Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269] Poland: Wolin, early Middle Ages [136]; Krakow, A.D. 16th cent, [240]. iwerland: review A.D. 1000 [311; Develier- Courtételle, early Middle Ages [30]; Schaffhausen, A.D. [Ith-12th cent, [26]; Thun, A.D. 13th cent, 29}; La Neuveville, A.D. 14th cent. [27] Purkey: Kumtepe; Troy, Bronze/lron Age [203; 204]. 8 Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb. Germany: Schmiden, B.C. 2nd cent. [108]; Meerbusch- Baderich, A.D. 10th-13th cent. [110] Netherlands: Westwoud, middle/late Bronze Age [34]; Heeten, A.D. 4th cent, [139]; Groningen, late Mid- dle Ages/modern times [269] Dioscorea sp. Bdinobotany in South America (as bitter cassava) (227). Dipsacus sativus (L.) Honckeny (inel, D. fullonum L., syn D. sylvestris Huds.) Germany: K8In, Roman [112] ‘Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269] Switzerland: Develier-Courtételle, carly Middle Ages (30) Echinochloa colona (L.) Link. Egypt: Nabta Playa, early Neolithic [250]. Elagis guineensis Jacq, In western/central Africa, late Holocene [232] Elettaria cardamomum Maton Germany: Liineburg, A.D. 14th-17th cent. [256] Eruca sativa Mill Review eastern central Europe A.D. 1000 [128] Fagopyrum esculentum Moench ‘Czech Republic: Tabor, A.D. 15th-17th cent. [190] Denmark: Om Kloster, A.D. jate 1Sth cent. [207] Germany: review Lausitz, Middle Ages (modern times) [96]; Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent. [129]; Stralsund, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [257] Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269]; Kampen, A.D. 16th-1 7th cent. [25 Poland: Wolin, carly Middle Ages [136]: Krakow, ‘A.D. 16th cent, (240) Ficus cartea L. ‘Czech Republic: Tabor, A.D. 15th-17th cent, [190] Egypt: Kellis, A.D. 4th cent, [238] France: review all phases [155] Germany: some sites by the river Neckar, pre-Roman Iron Age [235]; Dieburg, Roman [70]; Koln, Ro- man [112]; Joldelund, A.D, 4th-Sth cent. (a younger contamination) [254]; review A.D. 4th-8th cent. in ‘the southwest [211]; Meerbusch-Biderich, A.D. 10th-13th cent. [110]; Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent, {129}; Reuilingen, A.D. 14th cent. [212]: Stralsund, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [257]. Great Britain: Salisbury, A.D. 13th cent. [90]. Greece: Maki, middle“late Neolithic [244]; plants de- picted on wall paintings, Bronze Age [224]; Agios Mamas, Chalkidike, A.D. 12th-14th cent. [125]. Italy: Pompeii, A.D. 79 [41]; Seafati, A.D. 79 [40} Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages’modern times [269]; Kampen, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [25]. Poland: Krakow, A.D. 16th cent. (240) Spain: Cova des Carritx (Menorca), late Bronze Age [234]; several sites in western Catalonia, B.C. 2nd- Ist millen, [1]: sites in the Ebro delta, 3.C. Sih to 2nd cent, [45]. Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [31]; Schatthausen, A.D. 1 1th-12th cent. [26]. e; Troy, Bronze/lron Age |203; 204] ave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ca, 1323 [245] oti de Bureba, B.C. Tth-2nd cent. [182]. Foentculum vulgare Mill. Germany: Meerbusch-Buderich, A.D. 10th-13th cent [110]; Reutlingen, A.D. 1dth cent. [212]; Lune- burg, A.D. Lath-17th cent. [256]; Stralsund, A.D. 6th-1 7th cent. [257]Great Britain: Salisbury, A.D. 13th cent. [90] Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages‘modern times [269] Poland: Krakéw, A.D. 16th cent. [240], Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [31]; Schaffhausen, A.D. lth-12th cent, [26]; Basel, A.D. 13th cent, {106} Fomes fometarius (I..) Fr. Italy: Tisenjoch, B.C, 3350-3120 [196]. Grewia sp. Egypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ca. 1323 [245 Helianthus annuus L. Review United States of America [64] Helianthus ruberosus L. Ethnobotany in North America (227) Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch ‘Near East: review B.C. 7th millen. [105], Israel: Hayonim terrace, Natufian (35) Turkey: Kumtepe; Troy, Bronze/lron Age [203; 204] Hordeum vulgare L. (inel. H. distichum (L.) Alef: H.sp.) Domestication rate in wild wheats and barley under primitive cultivation [88]: as an original crop of the Fertile Crescent [141]; implications for domestica- tion [85]: review Near East B.C. 7th millen. [105] B.C. 6theLst millen. [270]; food plants of the ‘Tyrolean Alps, Neolithic [187]: eastern central Eu rope A.D. 1000 [128]. Austria: St. Veit-Klinglberg, early Bronze Age [73]: Stillfried, late Bronze Age [117]. Belgium: Pommeroeul, Gallo-Roman [138] Bulgaria: Kovachevo, early Neolithic [153]: Tell Kapitan Dimitrievo, early/late Neolithic [152] Denmark: settlement history Slesvig, Neolithic/Bronze ‘Age [55]; Sonderborg, Roman Iron Age [207]; Drengsted, Lerdal, Hvidhojgard, A.D. mid Ist millen. [165]; iron producing sites, A.D. 1st-8th cent. [164]: Kobenhavn, A.D. 12th cent. [207]; Om Kloster, A.D. late 15th cent. (2071 Bgypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ca. 1323 [245]; Kellis, A.D. 4th cent. [238] France: Hébécrevon, Middle Neolithic, Cerny culture [49]; Roeux, middie Bronze Age [157]: review late Bronzelearly Iron Age [252]; Villeneuve-la- Guyard, late Bronze Age [252]; sites in central Gaul, late Bronze Age to final La Téne [158]; Le Briangonnais, Bronze Age [218]; Montagnieu, mide dle Hallstatt (252), Rosoy, fal Hallstat [252} sites in northern France, late Hallstatt to final La Tene [160]; Chassenard, carly Iron Age [252]; Caen, middle to late La Tene [222]; Mosles, B.C. Ath cent, [151]; Mont Beuvray, B.C. 20 [258]; late La Tene/Gallo-Roman [253]: Dury ‘Le Moulin’, Roman; A.D. 9th-l Ith cent. [11] Germany:" Mardorf, Neolithic; early Bronze Age: Unnfield period [123]; review Lausitz, (late) Bronze Age to Middle Ages (modera times) [96]; 39 Bischdorf, middle Bronze Age; La Téne; Roman [259; 260]; Altenwalde; Appeln; Hesel; Hamburg- Marmstort, Bronze/lron Age [15]; Borg, late Hallstatt [261}; some sites by the river Neckar, pre- Roman Iron Aye [235]; Garstedt, pre-Roman Iron ‘Age [134]; Buendorf, Lemke, pre-Roman Iron Age [15]; Schmiden, B.C. 2nd cent. [108]: Midlum, late pre-Roman Iron Age: Hamburg-Marmstorf, turn B. CJA. D.; Sievern-Langenacker, early Roman Iron Age: Loxstedt-Littsticke, Roman Iron Age/Migra- tion period [15]: Scharmbeck, A.D. Ist’2nd cent. [134]; Koln, Roman [112]; Carolingian [109]; Passau, Roman [93]; Nida, A.D. 2nd-3rd cent. [122]; Schndorf, late Roman [262]: Trier, late Ro- man [116]; Schiffdorf-Laven, Migration period imprints in sherds) [15]: Joldetund, A.D. 4th-Sth cent. [254]; Lauchheim, A.D. 6th-8th cent. {21 1]; Corvey, A.D. 12th-13th cent. [265]; Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent. [129]; Pasewaik, A.D. late 13th cent, [92]; Stralsund, A.D. l6th-17th cent [257]; towns, Villages in Baden-Warttemberg, house construction materials, late Middle Ages modern times [58] Great Britain: Balbridie, Neolithic [171]; Windmill Hill, Neolithic [57]; Norwich southern bypass, Neolithic to Middle Ages [179]; Tolpuddle Ball, Neolithic to Middle Ages [89]; Shorneote Quarry lace Bronze Age [53]; Danebury environs, pre- man Tron Age: Roman [36]: St. Albans, A.D. Ist cent, 1178]; Witham, B.C. late Ist cent. [177], Silchester, Roman [102]; Carlisle, Roman; Middle Ages [95]; Salisbury, A.D. 13th cent, [90] Thurvaston, A.D. 13th-I4th cent, [169]. Groece: Franchthi Cave, upper Paleolithic to Neolithic [82]; Makri, middle/Iste Neolithic [244]; Agios Mamas, Chaikidike, A.D. 12th-14th cent. {125} Hungary: middle Bronze Age fortified settlements 4] Italy: Pompeii, A.D. 79 [41}. Luxemburg: Lamadeleine, B.C. Ist cent. [124]. Netherlands: Noordwijk, early Bronze Westwoud, middle/late Bronze Age [34]; Oss- Ussen, Iron Age [10]; Wijnaldam, A.D. Ist millen (8 periods) [191]: Groningen, AD. Ist-2nd cent, [248]; late Middle Ages/modern times 1269]; Heeten, A.D. 4th cent, [139]; Gouda-Oostpolder, A.D. 12th cent, [13]: Kampen, A.D. 16th-17ih eent [25], ‘Norway: Rennesoy, Neolithiciearly Bronze Age [231] Poland: some sites in the Kujawy region, early ‘Neolithic [19]; southern Kujawy, Neolithic Lengyel culture [181]; lakuszowiee, Halistatt [142]; Roman Iron Age [142; 241]; Wasosz Gory. early Roman Iron Age [18]; Wolin, early Middle Ages [136] Russia: review ‘area between Prut_and Dniester, ‘Neolithic, Linear Pottery culture [135] Slovakia: review Neolithic/Chalcolithic (39); late Neolithie/Chaleolithic (76]; Véelince, Bronze Age, Otomani culture [78]; Zemianske Podhradie, late Bronze Age [77]: Liptovska Sielnica-Liptovska Mara, middle La Tene [79] pain: several sites in western Catalonia, B.C. 2nd-Ist tmillen. [1]; Cova des Carritx (Menorca), lateBronze Age [234]; El Castellar de Berrueco, fron Age [46]: Soti de Bureba, B.C, 7th-2nd cent, [182]; sites in the Ebro delta, B.C. Sth to 2nd cent. [45]; Melque, B.C. 9th - A.D. 13th cent. [4] Switzerland: eastern Swiss Alps, Bronze/lron Age [97]; Alle, Roman [28]; Develier-Courtételle, early Middle Ages (30); review A.D, 1000 [132]; Basel, A\D, 13th cent. [106]; Thun, A:D. 13th cent. [29] ‘Turkey: Kumtepe; Troy, Bronze/lron Age [203; 204] Ukraine: review Neolithic; Chalcolithie; Bronze Age [192]; late Bronze Age, Sabatinovskaya culture [193]; Scythian, B.C. Tth-3rd cent. [194]; Pastirs'koye Gorodishchye, (carly?) Slavonic [199] Hordeum vulgare ‘nudum’ ‘Near East: review B.C. 7th millen, [103]; review east- ern central Europe A.D. 1000 [128]. Denmark: settlement history Slesvig, Neolithie/Bronze ‘Age [55]; Djursland, late Neolithic to Bronze Axe [87]; Sonderborg, Roman Iron Age [207] France: review early Neolithic, cardial ceramic cul- ture, in southern France [154]; late Bronze/early Jron Age [252I: sites in central Gaul, late Bronze Age to final La Téne [158]: sites’ in northern Franee, late Hallstatt to final La Tene [160] Germany: Altenwalde, Bronze/iron Age; Lemke, pre- Roman iron Age: Midlum, late pre-Roman Iron Age; Hamburg-Marmstorf, tum B. C/A. Du; Sievern-Langenacker, carly Roman Iron Age [15] review Lausitz, Iron Age [96]; some sites by the river Neckar, pre-Roman Iron Age [235]; Joldelund, A.D. 4th-Sth cent. [254]: Oldenburg AD. 13th-18th cent. [12] Great Britain: Windmill Hill, Neolithic [57]; Norwich southern bypass, Neolithic to Iron Age [179J; re- view Wales, B,C, 2nd millen, [173] Greece: Agios Mamas, Chalkidike, A.D. cent. [125] Italy: Tisenjoch, B.C. 3350-3 120 [187]. Netherlands: Noordwijk, early Bronze Age [86], Norway: Rennesay, Neolithic/early Bronze Age [231 Russia: review area between Prut_and Dniester, Neolithic, Linear Pottery culture [135] Slovakia: review Neolithic/Chalcolithic (39]; tate Neolithie/Chaleolithic [76]: Veelince, Bronze Age, Otomani culture [78]; Zemianske Podhradie, late Bronze Age [77]; Liptovské Sielnica-Liptovské Mara, middle La Tene [79]. Spain: several sites in western Catalonia, B.C, 2nd-Ist mitten, [1] Turkey: Kumtepe; Troy, BronzeTron Age [203; 2041 Ukraine: review Neolithic; Chaleolithic; Bronze Age [192]; late Bronze Age, Sabatinovskaya culture [193] Seythian, B.C. 7th-3rd cent. [194] 12th-L4th Humulus lupuius L. Bthnobotany in the (Austrian) Alps {148}, Czech Republic: Tabor, A.D. 15th-17th cent, [190]. Denmark: Kebenhava, A.D. 12th cent. [207] Germany: some sites by the river Neckar, pre-Roman Iron Age [235]; Joldelund, A.D. 4th-Sth cent [254]; review A.D. 4th-8th cent. in the southwest 211}: Koln, Carolingian [109]; Corvey, A.D. 8th- Sth cent. [265]: Meerbusch-Biiderich, A.D. 10th- 13th cent. [110]; Pasewalk, A.D. late 13th cent [92]; Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent. [129]; Laneburg, A.D. 14th-17th cent. [256] middle Bronze Age fortified settlements Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269]; Kampen, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [25] Poland: Wolin, early Middle Ages [136]; Krakow. A.D. 16th cent. (240] Sweden: Stockholm, modera times [84]. Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [31]; Develier- Courtételle, carly Middle Ages [30]; La Neuveville, A.D. L4th cent. [27] Hyssopus officinalis L. Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269], Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. Ethnobotany in South America [227] Isatis tinctoria L. Early history in the Old World [175]. Germany: some sites by the river Neckar, pre-Roman Iron Age [235]; Schmiden, B.C. 2nd cent, [108] Juglans regia | Holocene history in the eastern Mediterranean [24]; review amulets Roman/Migration period [199]; eastern central Europe A.D. 1000 [128] Czech Republic: Tabor, A.D. ISth-17th cent. [190] Denmark: Om Kloster, A.D. late 15th cent, [207] Egypt: Kellis, A.D. 4th cent. [238] France: review all phases [135], Germany: Bischderf, Roman [260]; Dieburg, Roman {70}: Koln, Roman (112); review A.D. th-Bta cent. in the southwest [211]; Corvey, A.D. 8th-Oth/I2th- 13th cont, [265]; Mecrbusch-Buderich, 10th-13th cent. [110]; Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent. [129]; Reutlingen, A.D. 14th cent. [212] aly: Pompeii, A.D. 79 [41]; Seafati, A.D. 79 [40] Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269]; Kampen, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [25]. Poland: Wolin, early Middle Ages [136] Switzerland: Alle, Roman {28}; Basel, A.D. 13th cent [105]; La Neuveville, A.D. 1th cent. [27] Lactuca sativa L. Germany: Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent, [129] Lactuca serriota L. Great Britain: Salisbury, A.D, 13th cent. [90]. Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley France: review all phases (155). Germany: Dieburg, Roman [70]; Mcerbusch-Baiderich, A.D. 10th-13th cent. {110}. ‘Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 {31}. United States of America, review [64]Lathyrus cicera | As a cultivated pulse crop [33], France: sites in central Gaul, late Bronze Age to final La Tene [158]; Monagnieu, middle Hallstatt [252] Greece: Franehthi Cave, upper Paleolithic to Neolithic {82}. Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [132] Lathyrus hirsutus 1 As a cultivated pulse crop (33. Egypt: grave of Tutanktamun, B.C. ca. 1323 [245]. Turkey: Kumtepe; Troy, Bronze/Tran Aue (203: 204] Lathyrus ochrus (L.) DC As a cultivated pulse crop [33]. ‘Near East; cultivation today [105]. Lathyrus sativus L. (ine). 1. sativus’) ‘Asa cultivated pulse erop [33]: review Near East B.C. 7eh millen. [105]; BC. 6th-Ist millen. [270] Bulgaria: Kovachevo, early Neolithie [153]; Tell Kopitan Dimitrievo,early/late Neolithic [152] Egypt: grave of Tutankramun, B.C. ca. 1323 [245 | France: sites in northem France, late Hallstatt to final La Tene (as gesse) [1601 Greece: Makri, middle/late Neolithic [244] Hungary: middle Bronze Age fortified settlements (4 Russia: review area between Prot and Dniester, Neolithic, Linear Pottery culture [135]. Slovakia: review late Neolithic/Chaleolithie [76]. Spain: several sites in western Catalonia, B.C. 2nd-Ist nillen [1] Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [132]. Turkey: Kumtepe; Troy, Bronze/Iron Age [203: 204] Ukraine: review Chalcolithie (as L. sp.): Bronze Age (192} Lens culinaris Medik. (incl. L. orientalis [Boiss.] Schmalh., £. nigricans [M.-Bieb.] Godr.; £. sp.) AAs an original erop of the Fertile Crescent [141]; as @ cultivated pulse crop [33]; review Near East B.C. 7th millen. [105]; BC. 6th-Ist millen. (270); food plants of the Tyrolean Alps, Neolithic [187]; east- em central Europe A.D. 1000 [128]; keyword Hidsenfrichte [214]. Austria: Stillfried, late Bronze Age [117] Belgium: Gallo-Roman sites [138]. Bulgaria: Kovachevo, early Neolithic [153]; ‘Yell Kapitan Dimitrievo, early/late Neolithic [1 Egypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ca, 1323 [245]. France: Le Briangonnais, Bronze Age [218]; review late Bronze‘early Irn Age (25 Gaul, late Bronze Age to final La Tene [158]; Chassenard, early Iron Age [252]; Montagnieu, middle Hallstatt [252]; sites in northern France, late Hallstatt to final La ‘Tene [160]; Rosoy, final Hallstatt [252]; Dury ‘Le Moulin,A.D, 9th-11th cant. [11] Germany: Mardort, early Bronze Age; Urnfield period [123]; review Lausiva (late) Bronze Age to Middle Ages (modern times) [96]; Borg, late Hallstatt 41 [261]; some sites by the river Neckar, pre-Roman Iron Age [235]; KOln, Roman [112]; Nida, A.D. 2nd-3rd cent, [122]; Sehndort, late Raman 1262]; Lauchheim, A-D. 6th-8th cent. [21 I]; Carvey, A.D, 12th-13th cent. [265]; Pasewalk, A.D. late 13th cent. [92]. Greece: Franchthi Cave, upper Palacolithic 1 Neolithic [82]; Makri, middle‘late Neolithic (244) Hungary: middle Bronze Age fortified settlements [74] Luxemburg: Lamadeleine, B.C. 1st cent. [124] Poland: Fakuszowice, Roman Iron Age [142; 241]; Wolin, early Middle Ages [136]. Slovakia: review Neolithic/Chaleolithic [39]; late ‘Neolithic/Chalcolithic [76]: Zemianske Podhradie, late Bronze Age [77]; Liptovské SicInica-Liptovska Mara, middle La Tene (79] Spain: several sites in western Catalonia, B.C. 2nd-1st millen. [1]; sites in the Ebro delta, B.C. Sth to 2nd cent. [45] Switzerland: eastern Swiss Alps. Bronze/lron Age [97]; review A.D. 1000 [132]; Basel, A.D. 13th cent. [106] Turkey: Kumtepe: Troy. Bronze/lron Age [203; 204] Ukraine: review Neolithic; Bronze Age [192]; Pastirskoye Gorodishehye, (early?) Slavonic L195} Lepidium sativum L, Egypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. a, 1323 [245] Germany: Corvey, A.D. 8th-9th cent. (265. Linum usitatssioum L, nel, Linum sp.) Identification criteria {230}; as an original crop of the Fertile Crescent (141]; review B.C. 6th-1st millen {270}; castern central Europe A.D. 1000 [128}. Belgium: Gallo-Roman sites [138] Bulgaria: Teil Kapitan Dimitrievo, early/lae Neolithic 152] Denmark: settlement history Slesvig, Neolihie’Bronze Ace [53] Egypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ea, 1323 [245] France: Montagnieu, middle Hallstatt [252]; sites in northern France, late Hallstatt to final La Tene [160]; Dury ‘Le Moulin’, A.D. 9th-I Ith eent. [11 Germany: Buendorf, pre-Roman Iron Age [15]; some sites by the river Neckar, pre-Roman Iron Age [235}; review Lausitz, Iron Age to Middle Ages (modern times) [96]; Hamburg-Marmstorf, turn B. CJA.D. [15]; Kdln, Roman [112]; Carolingian [109]; Nida, A.D. 2nde3rd cent, [122]; Loxstedt- Litisticke, Roman Iron Age/Migration period [15] Joldelund, A.D. 4th-Sth cent, (254); Lauchheim, ‘AD, 6th-8th cent. [211]; Corvey, A.D. 8th-Sth! 12th-13th cent. [265]; Meerbusch-Buderich, A.D. 10th-13th cent. [110]; Pasewalk, A.D. late 13th cent. [92]; Oldenburg, A.D. 13the1 8th cent. [129} Reutlingen, A.D. 14th cent. [212]; Stralsund, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [257]: rural and indastrial flax processing in Lower Saxony, A.D. 18th-20th cent [159],Sreat Britain: Balbridic, Neolithic [171]; Salisbury, "A.D. 13th cent. {90}: Thurvaston, A.D. 13th-14th cers. [169] Greece: Makri, middle/late Neolithic [244] Hungary: middle Bronze Age fortified settlements Cay Netherlands: Westwoud, middle/late Bronze Age [34] Oss-Ussen, Iron Age [10]; Groningen, A.D. Ist-2nd cent. [248]; late Middle Ages/modern times [269]; Heeten, A.D. 4th cent. [139]; Wijnaldum, early Middle Ages (191): Gouds-Oostpolder, A.D. 12th cent, [13]: Kampen, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [25] Poland: some sites in the Kujawy region, early ‘Neolithic [19]; southern Kujawy, Neolithic Lengyel culture [181]; Wasosz Gérny, early Roman lon Age [18]; Jakuszowice, Roman Iron Age [142; 241}: Wolin, early Middle Ayes (136); Wrzesnica, early Middle Ages [137]; Krakow, A.D. 16th cent (240) Slovakia: review Neolthie/Chalcolithie [39]: late ‘Neolithic/Chalcolithic [761 Spain: several sites in western Catalonia, B.C. 2nd-Ist rillen, [1]; Melque, A.D. 9th-13th cent, [4]. Switzerland: eastern Swiss Alps, Bronze/lron Ave [97]; Develier-Courtérelle, early Middle Ages [30], Schaffhausen, A.D. Mth-12th cent. [26]; Thun, A.D. 13th cent. [29]; La Newveville, A.D. 14th cent. [27]. Turkey: Kumtcpe; Troy, Bronzefron Age [203; 204] Ukiaine: review Bronze Age [192]; late Bronze Age, Sabatinovskaya culture [193] Lupinus sp. Egypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ca. 1323 [245] Malus domestica Borkh. (incl. M. pumila Miller) Czech Republic: Tabor, A.D. [Sth-17th cent, [190] Egypt: Kellis, A.D. 4th cent. [238]. France: review all phases [155] Germany: Koln, Roman [112]: Carolingian [109} “Meerbusch-Buderich, A.D. 10th-13th cent. [1 10} Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent, [129]; Stralsund, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [257] Netherlands: Groningen, laie Middle Ages/modern times [260]: Kampen, A.D. 16th-17¢h cent. [25] Malus sylvestris (L.) P. Miller Czech Republic: review Moravia, Chalcolithie/Bronze ‘Age [189], France: review all phases [155] Germany: Ashausen, pre-Roman/Roman Iron Age (as M, communis) [134]; Dieburg, Roman [70] Great Britain; Windmill Hill, Neolithic [57] Hungary: middle Bronze Age fortified settlements (ray Ireland: Tankardstown, Neolithie (171), Slovakia: review late Neolithic/Chalcolithic [76] Matus sp. Review eastern central Europe A.D. 1000 [128]. Denmark: Om Kloster, A.D. late 15th cent. [207] France: Dury ‘Le Moulin’, A.D. 9th-1 Ith cent, [TI]. Germany: some sites by the river Neckar, pre-Roman Iron Age [235]: Sehmiden, B.C. 2nd cent, [108]; Reutlingen, A.D. [th cent. [212] Great Britain: Norwich southern bypass, Neolithic to Bronze Age [179]; St. Albans, A.D. L178; Salisbury, A.D. 13th cent. [90] Netherlands: Wijnaldum, A.D. Ist millen. (8 periods) [191], Poland: Krak6w, A.D. 16th cent. [240]. Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [31]; Schaffhausen, A.D, Lth-12th cent. [26]. Manihot esculenta Crantz Ethnobotany in South America [227] Marrubjum vulgare L. Italy: Scafati, A.D. 79 [40], ‘Switzerland: La Neuveville, A.D. L4th cent. [27] Matricaria recutita L ‘Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269] Medicago falcata L. Switzerland: Thun, A.D. 13th cent. [29], Medicago minima (L.) Bartal. Hungary: middle Bronze Age fortified settlements [74], Medicago turbinata (L.) All. Turkey: Kumtepe; Troy, Bronze/ron Age [203; 204] Medicago sp. Turkey: Kumtepe; Troy, Bronze/tron Age [203; 204], Melilorus alba Medic. Poland: Jakuszowice, Roman Iron Age (142; 241] Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. Germany A.D. 2nd-3rd cent, [122]. Mentha pulegium L. Germany: Meerbusch-Buderich, A.D. 101 [uo] 13th cent, Mespilus yermanica \. France: review all phases [155]. Germany: Meerbusch-Buderich, A.D. 10th-13th cent [110}; Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent. [129], Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269]; Kampen, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [25] Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [31]; Schaffhausen, A.D. 11th-12th cent. [26], Mimusops laurifolia (Forssk.) Priis Egypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ea, 1323 [245]. Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori pt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ea, 1323 [245]. Morus alba L. Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269]Morus nigra L, France: review all phases [155] Germany: Koln, Carolingian [109]; Oldenburg, A.D. 13uh-18th cent. [129] Greece: plants depicted on wall paintings, Bronze Age (224). Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269]: Kampen, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [25] Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 (31 Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Poland: Wolin, early Middle Ages (as 4. sp.) [136] Myrica gale L. Denmark: Kabenhavn, A.D. 12th cent, [207] Germany: Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent Laneburg, A.D. L4th-17th cent. [256]. Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269]; Kampen, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [25] [129] Myrtus communis L. Egypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ca. 1323 [245] Greece: plants depicted on wall paintings, Bronze Age [224] Italy: Scafati, A.D. 79 [40] Nasturtium officinale L. Germany: Schmiden, 8.C. 2nd cent. [108]; Meerbusch- Biderich, A.D. 10-h-13th cent. [110]. Nepeta cataria L. Germany: Schi man [112]. Netherlands: Heeten, A.D. 4th cent. [139] len, B.C. 2nd cent. [108]; Kiln, Ro- Nigella sativa L. Egypt grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ca, 1523 [245] Olea europaea L. (incl. var. sylvestris Brot.) Egypt: grave of Tutanshamun, B.C. ca. 1323 [245] Kellis, A.D. 4th cent, [238]. France: review all pheses (155) Germany: Dicburg, Roman [70]; Koln, Roman [112] Greece: plants depicted on wall paintings, Bronze Age [224] Tialy: Pompeii, A.D. 79 [41] Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269] Spain: Vanguard Cave, Mousterian [67]; Cuevas Redil Neolithie (charenal) [8]; Cova’ des Carritx (Menorca), late Bronze Age [234]; Melque, A.D. 9th- 13th cent. [45 243] Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [31]. ‘Turkey: Kurntepe: Troy, Bronze/lron Age [203; 204}. Origanum vulgare L. Germany: Nida, A.D. 2nd-3rd cent. [122| Poland: Wasos Gérny. early Roman Iron Age [18] Wolin, early Middle Ages [136] Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [31]; La Neuveville, A.D. 1th cent. [27] Turkey: Kumtepe; Troy, Bronze/Iron Age [203; 204], 4 Oryza sativa L. Implications for domestication [85] China: Longgiuzhang, Neolithic (pollen, phytoliths) (94) Germany: Oldenburg, A.D. 1Sth-18th Stralsund, A.D. 16th-I7th cent. [257] Netherlands” Groningen, late Middle Ayes/modern times [269]; Kampen, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [25] 1129]; Oryza sp. Harvesting wild grass seeds; implications for domesti- cation [85] Kursakata, 1921 2860 B. P. [185] Padus avium P, Miller Ethnobotany in the (Austrian) Alps [148]: review east- cern central Europe A.D. 1000 128]. Belgium: Pommerceu!, Gallo-Roman [138]. Czech Republic: Tabor, A.D. 15the17th cent. [190]. Germany: Hombroich; Neuss, early Holocene [113], ‘Switzerland: Basel, A-D. 13th cent. [106]. Panicum miliaceum | Implications for domestication [85]; review Mesopota- ‘mia, B.C. 6th-1st millen. [270]: eastem central Eu- rope A.D. 1000 [128] Austria: Stillfried, late Bronze Age Magdalensberg, Roman [52] Belgium: Gallo-Roman sites [138] Czech Republic: Tabor, A.D. 15th-17th cent, [190] Denmark: settlement history Slesvig, Neolithic/Bronze Age [55]: Djursland, late Neolithic to Bronze Age [87]; Sonderborg, Roman Iron Age [207] France: review late Bronzevearly Iron Age [252]; sites in central Gaul, late Bronze Age to final La Tene [158]; Villeneuve-la-Guyard, late Bronze Age $2]: Chassenard, early Iron Age [252]; fontagnieu, middie Hallstatt [252]; sites in north- late Hallstatt to final La Tene [160]; Rosoy, final ITallstatt [252]: Mont Beuvray, B.C 20 [258]; late La Tene/Gallo-Roman [253] many: Mardorf, early Bronze Age; Urafield period [123]; review Lausitz, (late) Bronze Age to Middle Ages (modern times) [96]: Altenwalde; Appeln, Bronze/lron Age [15]; some sites by the river Neckar, pre-Roman fron Age [235]; Schmiden, B.C. 2nd cent. [108]; Dieburg, Roman [70]: Koln Roman [112]; Passau, Roman [93]; Sehndorf, late um; Roman [262]; Scharmbeck, A.D. Ist/2nd cent [134]: Joldelund, A.D. dtheSth cent. [254]. Meerbusch-Buderich, A.D, 10th-13th cent. [L10]; Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent. [129]; Stralsund, A.D, 16theI7th cent, [257] Greece: Agios Mamas, Chalkidike, A.D, 12th-14th cent, [125] Hungary: middle Bronze Age fortified settlements vay. Luxemburg: Lamadeleine, B.C. Ist cent. [124] Netherlands: Oss-Ussen, Iron Age [10]: Heeten, A.D. 4th cent. [139]; Groningen, late Midd e Ages/mod- em times [269]; Kampen, A.D. 16th-17th cent. ps).4a Poland: some sites in the Kujawy region, early Neolithic [19]; Jakuszowice, Hallstatt [142]: Ro: man Tron Aue [142; 241]; Wasosz Gémny, early Ro- man Iron Age [18]; Wolin, early Middle Ages [136]; Wrzesnica, early Middle Ages [137]; Krakow, A.D. 16th cent. [240]. Russia: review area between Prot and Dniester, Neolithic, Linear Pottery culture [135]. Slovakia: review Neolithie/Chalcolithic (39); late Neolithic/Chalcolithic [76]; Véelinee, Bronze Age, Otomani culture [78]; Zemianske Podbradie, late Bronze Age [77]: Liptovska Sielnica-Liptovska Mara, middle La Tene [79} Spain: several sites in western Catalonia, B.C. 2nd-Ist millen. [1]; B.C. Soti de Bureba, B.C. 7th 2nd cent. [182]; sites in the Ebro delta, B.C. Sth to 2nd cent. [45] ‘Switzerland: Alle, Roman [28]; Develier-Courtételle, early Middle Ages [30]; review A.D. 1000 [132]: Schaffhausen, A.D. 11th-12th cent. [26] Turkey: Kumtepe: Troy, Bronze‘lron Age [203; 204], Ukraine: review Neolithic; Chaleolithic: Bronze Age [192]; late Bronze Age, Sabatinovskaya culture [193]; Scythian, BC. 7th-3rd cent. [194]; Pastirstkoye Gorodishchye, (carly?) Slavoni¢ [195] Panicum repens | Egypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ea. 1323 [245] Panicum turgidum Fortsk Egypt: Nabta Playa, early Neolithic [250] Papaver somniferum L. (incl. ssp. setigerum (DC.] Corb.) Review eastern central Europe A.D. 1000 [128] Austria: Stillfried late Bronze Aue [117] Czech Republic: Tabor, A.1D. 1Sth-17th cent. [190]. Denmark: Gm Kloster, A.D. late 15th cent. [207] France: review late Bronze/early Iron Age [252] Germany: some sites by the river Neckar, pre-Roman Iron Age [235]; Dieburg, Roman [70]; Koln, Ro- man [112]: Lauchheim, A.D. 6tt-8th cent. [211]; Meerbusch-Biderich, A.D. 10th-13th cent. [110]: i ile Ages (moder times) [96]; Corvey, A.D. 12th-13th cent, (263]; Oldenburg. A.D. 13th-18th cent, [129]; Reullingen, A.D. 14th cent, [212]; Stralsund, A.D. I6th-17th cent. [257] Great Britain: Danebury environs, late Bronze Age: pre-Roman Iron Age [36]; Tolpuddle Ball, late Iron Age [89] Italy: Pompeii, A.D. 79 (a poppy seed “cake") [41] Scafati, A.D. 79 [40], Netherlands: Oss-Ussen, Iron Age [10]; Groningen, Middle Ages [247]; late Middle Ages/modern times [269|: Kampen, A.D. 16th-I7th eent. [25] Poland: Wolin, early Middle Ages [136]; Krakéw, A.D. 16th cent. (246) Slovakia: review Neolithie/Chalcolithic [39]; late Neolithie/Chalcolithic [76]: Liptovské Sielnica- Liptovska Mara, middle La Tene [79] Switzerland: Schaffhausen, A.D. 11th-12th cent. [26]; Basel, A.D. 13th cent. [106]; Thun, A.D. 13th cent. [29], Pastinaca sativa L. Germany: Schmiden, B.C. 2nd cent. [108]: Meerbuseh- Roderich, A.D. 10th-13th cent. [110]: Limeburg, A.D. 14th-17th cent, [256] Netherlands: Groningen, Isle Middle Ages/modem times [269}, Poland: Wolin, early Middle Ages [136] ‘Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [31] Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke Egypt: Kellis, A.D. 4th cent, [238] ‘Nigeria: Kursakata, 1920-2860 B. P. [183]. Persica vulgaris P. Miller Review amulets Roman/Migration period [199]; east- ‘em central Europe A.D. 1000 [128]. Belgium: Pommereeul, Gallo-Roman [138] Denmark: Om Kloster, A.D. late 15th cent, [207] France: review all phases [155]; Dury ‘Le Moulin’, A.D. 12th cent, (11] Germany: Dieburg, Roman [70); KéIn, Roman [112]; review A.D. 4th-8th cent. in the southwest [211] Corvey, A.D. 8th-Sth cent. [265]; Meerbusch= Buderich, A.D. 10th-13th cent. [110}. ltaly: Seafati, A.D. 79 [40], Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages‘modern times (269) Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [31 Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Ny Review carly Neolithic evidence in central Europe [133]; eastern central Europe A.D. 1000 [128] Belgium: Gallo-Roman sives [138] Czech Republic: Tabor, A.D. 15th-17ih cent. [190] Germany: some sites by the river Neckar. pre-Roman Iron Age [235]; review A.D. 4th-8th cent. in the southwest (as Petersilie) [211]; Oldenburg, A.D. 3th-I8th cent. [129]; Reutlingen, A.D, 14th cent. [212]; Lineburg, A.D. 14th-17th cent. [256] Poland: Wolin, early Middle Ages [136]. Phaseolus vulgaris L. Keyword Mulsenfruchte [214]; phenotypic variation of bush type French bean in the Netherlands [273] Phoenix daciylifera \. Egypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ca, 1323 [245]; Kellis, A.D. ath cent. [238], France: review all phases [155]. Greece: plants depicted on wall paintings, Bronze Age (P. sp.) 224]. Italy: Pompeii, A.D. 79 [41] Spain: Cova des Carritx (Menorca). late Bronze Age [234]. Physalis alkekengi | Ethnobotany in the (Austrian) Alps [148]. Bulgaria: Kovachevo, carly Neolithic [153] France: review all phases (155) Germany: Schmiden, B.C. 2nd cent. [108] ‘Netherlands: Kampen, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [25], Switzerland: La Neuveville, A.D. 14th cent, [27], Turkey: Kumtcpe; Troy, Bronze/iron Age [203; 204}Pimpinelia anisum L. Puypt: Kellis, A.D. 4th cent. (238). Pimpinelia saxifraga agg. Germany: Reutlingen, A.D. 14th cent. [212] Hungary: middle Bronze Age fortified scltlements (74), Pinus cembra L. France: review all phases [155] Maly: Tisenjoch, B.C. 3350-3120 [188] Pinus pinea L Review amulets Roman/Migration period [199]. Egypt: Kellis, A.D. 4th cent, £238] France: review all phases [155] Germany: Dieburg, Roman [70]; review A.D, 4th-8th cent. in the southwest (211), ltaly: Pompeii, A.D. 79 [41] Spain: Cueva de Nerja, Palaeolithic [9]; Gorham’s and Vanguard Caves, Mousterian [67] Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [31 Pinus sylvestris L. ‘Sweden: The use of the inner bark of Ps. by Sami peo- ple ws food [268] Piper nigrum b. Germany: Dichurg, Roman (70]; Corvey, A.D, 12th= 13th cent. [265]; Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent [129]; Laneburg, A.D. l4th-L7th cent. [256] Stralsund, A.D. 16th-I7th cent. [257] Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages‘modern times [269] Piptoporus betulinus (Bull: Fr.) Karst Italy: Tisenjoch, B.C. 3350-3120 [196] Pistacia tentiscus L: Israel: Hayonim terrace, Natufian [35]. Spain: Vanguard Cave, Mousterian [67]; Cuevas Redi Neolithic (charcoal) [8]; Cova des Carritx (Menorca), late Bronze Age [234]; several sites in western Catalonia, B.C. 2ud-Ist millen. [1] Pistacia terebinthus L. Greece: Makri, middle/late Neolithic [244], Spain: Vanguard Cave, Mousterian [67], Pistacia sp. Egypt: Kellis, A.D, 4th cent, [238] France: review all phases [155]: early Neolithic, cardial ceramie culture, in southern France [154], Greece: Franchthi Cave, upper Palaeolithic to ‘Neolithic [82] Pisum sativum L.(inel. P. arvense L.; P. humile Boiss. et of; P. s. ssp. spriacum Berger) ‘AS an original crop of the Fertile Crescent {141}; as a cultivated pulse crop [33]; keyword Halsenfrichee [21d]; review Near Fast RC. 7th millon [105]: B.C. 6th-Ist millen, [276]; food plants of the 45 Tyrolean Alps, Neolithic [187]; eastern central Eu- rope A.D. 1000 [128]. Austria: St. Veit-Klinglberg, eurly Bronze Age (73] Stillftied, late Bronze Age (1171. Belgium: Pommerceul, Gallo-Roman [138] Bulgaria: Kovachevo, early Neolithic [153]: Tell Kapitan Dimitrievo, early/late Neolithic [152] Egypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ea, 1323 [245]. France: review early Neolithic, cardial ceramic cul- ture, in southern France [154]: review late Bronze! early Iron Age [252]; sites in northern France, late Hallstatt to final La Téne [160]; Rosoy, final Hallstatt [252J; Caen, middle to late La Téne [222]; Dury'Le Moulin’, Roman; A.D. 9th-11¢h cent. [11] Germany: Mardorf, early Bronze Age; Urnfield period 1123]; review Lausitz, (late) Bronze Age to Middle ‘Ages (modern times) [96]; some sites by the river ‘Neckar, pre-Roman Iron’ Age [235]; Borg, late Hallstatt [261}: Buisehdorf, La Téne; Roman |259; 260]; Scharmbeck, A.D! ist/2nd’ cent. [134]; Passau, Roman [93]; Sehndorf, late Roman [262] Koln, Roman [112]; Carolingian [109]; Meer- busch-Baderich, A.D. 10th-13th cent.” [110]; Corvey, A.D. 12th-13th cent, [265]; Pasewalk, A.D. late 13th cent. [92] Great Britain: review Wales B.C. 2nd millen. [173]; Danebury environs, pre-Roman Iron Age; Roman [36]; Volpuddle Bail, Middle Ages [89]; Salisbury, AD. 13th cent, [90]; Thurvaston, A.D. [3thel4th cent. [169]. Greece: Franchthi Cave, upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic [82]: Makri, middle/late Neolithic [244]; ‘Agios Mamas, Chalkidike, A.D. 12:h-14th cent. [125]. Hungary: middle Bronze Age fortified settlements vray. Italy: Pompeii, A.D. 79 [41] Luxemburg: Lamadeleine, B.C. Ist cent. [124] Netherlands: Wijnaldum, A.D. 1st millen. (8 periods) [191]; Groningen, late Middie Ages/modern times (269) Poland: southern Kujawy, Neolithic Lengyel culture (as P. s. or Vicia sativa) [181], Wasosz Gérny, early Roman fron Age [18]; Jakuszowice, Roman Iron Age [142; 241]; Wolin, early Middle Ages [136] Russia: review area between Prut_and Dniester, Neolithic, Linear Pottery culture [135] Slovakia: review Neolithic/Chalcolithic [39]; late ‘Neolithic/Chalcolithic [76]; Véelince, Bronze Age, romani culture [78]; Zemianske Podhradie, late Bronze Age [77]; Liptovské Mara, La Téne (pollen) Liptovské Mara, middle e the Neolithic [83] eastern Swiss Alps, Bronze/Iron Age ww A.D. 1000 {132}; Basel, A.D. 13th Cent. [106]; Thun, A.D. 13th cent. [29] ‘Turkey: Kumtepe; Troy, Bronzeilron Age (203; 204). Ukraine: review Neolithic; Chalcolithie; Bronze Age [192]; late Bronze Age, Sabatinovskaya culture [193]: Pasties'koye Gorodishchye, (early?) Sla- vonic [195]46 Prunus cerasifera lhth. Origin of plums [267]; surviving sports of medieval origin [131] Slovakia: review Inte Neolithie/Chalcolithic {76] Russia: review area between Prut and Dniester, ‘Neolithic, Linear Powtery culture (135) Prunus domestica L. (incl. P. insittia(Jusl.] Schneider) ‘Origin of plums [267]; surviving sports of medieval origin [131]; varieties in the late Middle Agestin modern times [271]; review eastern central Europe A.D. 1000 [128] Belgium: Pommerceul, Gallo-Roman [138] Czech Republic: Tabor, A.D. {5th-I7th cent. [190]. Denmark: Om Kloster, A.D. late 1th ceat. [207]. France: review all phases [155]. Germany: Dieburg, Roman [70]; Sehndorf, late Roman (262); Koln, Roman [112]; Carolingian [109]; re- View A.D. dth-8th cent. in the soucbwest [211}; Corvey, A.D, 8th-Oth cent. [265]; Meerbusch: Buderich, A.D. 10th-13th cent. [110]; Oldenburg, AD. 13th-l8th cent. [129]; Stratsund, A.D. 16th~ “ith cont. [287] Great Britain: Salisbury, A.D. 13th cent. [90}, Nettterlandy: Gouda-Oostpoléer, A.D. 12th cent. [13]; Groningen, late Middle Agesimodem times [269: 271}; Kampen, A.D. 16th-17th cent, [25] Poland: Wolin, éarly Middle Ages [136]: Krakow. A.D, 16th cent, (240) Russia: review area between Prut_and Duiester, Neolithic, Linear Pottery culture [135] Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [31]; Schaffhausen. A.D. 1th-12th cent. [26] Prunus spinosa L Origin of plums [267]: review food plants of the ‘Tyrolean Alps, Neolithic [187]; surviving sports of medieval origin [131]; review eastere central Bu- rope A.D. 1000 [128] Rulgaria: Kovachevo, early Neolithic [153] Caech Republic: Tabor, A.D. 1Sth-172h cent. [1901 France: review all phases [155]; review late Bronze! ‘early Iron Age (252); Montagnieu, middle Hallstatt 253]; Caen, middie to late La'Tene [222]; Dury'Le Moulin’, A.D. 9th-1 Ith cent. [11]. Germany: Matdorf, Urntield period [123]; some sites ay the siver Neckar, pre-Roman Tron Age [235] Schmiden, B.C. 2nd’ ceat. [108]; Dieburg, Roman {70}; Koin, Roman [112]; Carolingian [109]; Lauchheim, A.D. 6th-8th cent. [211]; Corvey, A.D. &th-9th cent. [265]; Mccrbusch-Baderich, A.D. V0th-13th cent. [110]; Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent. [129]; Stralsund, A.D. L6th-17th cent, [257] Grear Britain: Windmill Hill, Neolithic [57]; Norwich southern bypass, Neolithic fo Bronze Age [179]: Danebury environs, late pre-Roman Iron Age {36}; St Albuns, A.D. Ist cent. (1781; Salisbury, A.D. 13th cent, [90] Hungary: middle Bronze Age fortified settlements [4] Italy: Tisenjoch, B.C. 3350-5120 [187] Netherlands: Noordwijk, early Bronze Age [86]: Oss- Ussen, Iron Age [10]; Goude-Oostpoiter, A.D. 12th cent. 13}; Groningen, late Middle Ages/mod: em times [269]; Kampen, A.D. 16th-17th cent [25] Poland: Wolin, early Middle Ages [136]; Krakéw. A.D. llth cent, [240]. Russia: review area between Prut and Dniester, Neolithic, Linear Pottery culture [135] Spain: several sites in western Catalonia, B.C. 2nd-Ist millen. [1]; Soti de Bureba, B.C. 7the2nd cent, (182, Switzerland: Arbon, Neolithic (beads) [140]: review ‘A.D. 1000 [31]; Sehafilausen, A.D. Lith-12th cent. [26]; La Neuveville, A.D. 4th cent. [27 Prunus sp. Origin of plums [267]; review amulets Roman/Migra- tion period [199] Bulgaria: Kovachevo, early Neolithic [153]; Tell Kapitan Dimitrievo, early/late Neolithic (plums) 1132) France: sites in central Gaul, late Bronze Age to final La Tene [158]. many: Joldelund, A.D. 4th-Sth cent, [254] Gs Punica granatum L. Egypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ea, 1323 [245]: Kellis, A.D. 4th cent, (238} France: review all phases [155 italy: Pompeii, A.D, 79 [4] Pyrus communis L Czech Republic: Tabor, A.D. 1Sth-17th cent. [190]. France: review all phases (155) Germany: Dieburg, Roman [70]; Kéln, Roman [112]: Carolingian [109]; Meerbuseh-Btderich, A.D. Oth-13th cent. {770f; Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent. [129]; Stralsund, A.D. 16th-17th cent. (257). Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269]; Kampen, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [25] Poland: Wolin, early Middie Ages [136]; Krakéw, ‘A.D. L6th cent. [240] Pyrus pyraster Burgsd Belgium: Pommerceul, Gallo-Roman [138] France: review all phases [155]. Germany: Joldelund, AD, 4th-Sth cent, [254]. Pyrus sp. Review eastern central Europe A.D. 1000 {128} Germany: Lauchheim, A.D, 6th-8h cent, (211); Reutlingen, A.D. 14th cont. (212), Greece: Franchthi Cave, upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic (82) Poland: Wolin, early Middle Ages [136]. Russia: review area between Prut and Dniester, Neolithic, Linear Pottery culture [1351, Slovakia: review late Neolithie/Chalcolithic [76]. Switzerland: review A.D. 1900 (311. Raphanus sativus L. Germany: Oldenburg, A.D. 131he18th cent. [129]Reseda tuteola L. Germany: some sites by the river Neckar, pre-Roman Iron Age [235]; Selimiden, B.C. 2nd’eent, [108]; Koln, Reman [112]; Carolingian [109] Greece: Makri, middle/late Neolithic (244), Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269], Turkey: Kumtepe; roy. Bronzeviron Age [203; 204] Ribes alpinum“. Keyword Johannisbeere (215) France: review all phases (133). Ribes nigrum L. Keyword Johannisbeere (215) Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Agesimodern times [269] Ribes rubrum L. Keyword Johannisbeere (215] France: review all phases [155] Germany: Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18U Stralsund, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [257] Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Agesimodem times [269]; Kampen, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [25] cont. [129]; Ribes wa-crispa L. Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Agesimodern times [269] Ribes sp. Keyword Johannisbeere [215] Netherlands: Gouda-Oostpolder, A.D. 12th cent, [13] Rosmarinus officinalis L. Eaypt: Kellis, A.D. 4th cent. [238], Spain: Cuevas Redil, Neolithic (charcoal) [8]; Cova des Carrtx (Menorea), late Bronze Age [234] Rubia tintorun L Spain: Cove des Carritx (Menorca), late Bronze Age (as, peregrina) [234], Salvia sp. Denmark: Gm Kloster, A.D. late 1th eent. (as sage) [207] Hungary: middle Bronze Age fortified settlements (ay Satureja hortensis L. Germany: Cieburg, Roman [70]; Koln, Reman [112]; review A.D. 4th-8th cent. in the southwest (a Bohnenkraut) [211]; Meerbusch-Biiderich, A.D. VOth-13th cent. [110]; Lineburg, A.D. i4th-17th cent. [256}; Stralsund, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [257]. Netherlands: Kampen, A-D. 16th-17th cent. [25] Scorpturus muricarus 1. Turkey: Kumtepe; Troy, Bronze/Iron Age (203; 204] Secale cereale | Implications for domestication [85]; review eastern central Europe A.D. 1000 [128). a Austria: Stilliried, late Bronze Magdalensberg, Roman [52] Belgium: Pommerceul, Gallo-Roman [138]. Denmark: settlement history Slesvig, Neolithic/Bronze ‘Age [55]; Drengsted, Lerdal, lividhojgird, A.D. mid Ist millen. [165]; iron producing sites, A:D. Ist-8th cent, [164]; Kobenhavn, A.D. 12th cent (207]; Om Kloster, AD. late |5th cent. (207) France: review late ‘Bronze‘early Iron Age (252); ‘Montagnieu, middle Hallstat [252]; Mont Beuvray, late La Téne’Gallo-Roman [253]: Dury ‘Le Moulin’ Roman; A.D. 9th-11th cent. [11] Germany: ‘Altenwalde, Bronze‘lron Age [15]; review Lausitz, Iron Age to Middle Ages (modern times) {96}; Borg, late Hallstatt [261]; some sites by the iver Neckar, pre-Roman fron Age [235] Schmiden, B.C, 2nd cent. [108]; Passau, Roman {93]; Trier, late Roman [116]: Sievern-Langen acker, early Roman tron Age; Loxstedt-Litstacke, Roman Iron Age/Migration period; Schiffdort- Laven, Migration period (imprints in sherds) [15]; Joldelond, A.D. 4theSth cent. [254]; Kéln. Carolingian [109]: Lauchheim, A.D. 6th-8th cent [211]; Meerbuseh 3 [110]: ‘Corvey, A.D. 12th-i3th_ cen Pasewalk, A.D. late 13th cent. [92]; ¢ AD. 13th-18th cent, [129]; Reutlingen, A.D. 14th cent. [212]; towns, villages in Baden-Wirrttembers, house construction materials; late Middle Ages? modern tes [58]; Sealsuns, A.D. 16-170 eat Great Britain: Carlisle, Roman; Middle Ages [95]; ‘Norwich southern bypass, late Saxon to Middle Ages [179]; Tolpuddle Ball, Middle Ages [89]; Salisbury, A.D. 13th cent. [90] Greece: Agios Mamas, Chalkidike, A.D, 12th-l4th cent. [125]. Netherlands: Heeten, A.D. 4th cent, [139]; Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern -imes [269], Kampen, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [25] Poland: Wasosz Gérny, early Roman Iron Age [18]; Jakuszowice, Roman Iron Age [142: 241]; Pokraywnica, Roman Iron Age [143]; Wolin, early Middle Ages [136] Slovakia: review NeolithieiChaleolithie (39}; Inte ‘Neolithic/Chalcolithic [76]; Bronze Age, Otomani’ Hatvan cultures |78]; Liptovska Sielnica-Liptovska Mara, middle La Téne [79] Spain: Melque, A.D. 9th-13th cent. [4]. Sweden: Stockholm, modem times [84]. Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [132]: Develier- Courtételle, early Middie Ages [30]; Basel, A.D. 13th cent, [106]; Thun, A.D. 13th cent. [29] Ukraine: review Neolithie: Chalcolithie; Bronze Ag [192]: Pestirs'koye Gorod'shchye, (early?) Sia- Age [117] vonie [193] Secale sp. Ukraine: late Bronze Age, Sabatinovskaya culture (as splvestre) [193]. Sesamum indicum U Review Mesopotamia, B.C. 6th-Ist millen, [270], Egypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ca, 1323 (as S. sp.) [245]; Kellis, A.D. 4th cent. [238].Setaria italia (L.) Pal. Beauv. Implications for domestication [85] Austria: Stilifried, late Bronze Magdalensberg, Roman [52] France: review late Bronze/early Iron Age [252]; sites in central Gaul, late Bronze Age to final La ‘ene [158]; Moniagnieu, middle Hallstatt [252]: Rosoy, final Hallstatt [252]; Chassenard, early Iron Age [252]; Mont Beuvray, B.C. 20 [258] Germany: some sites by the river Neckar, pre-Roman ron Age [235]; Passau, Roman [93]; Kéln, Carolingian (109); review Lausitz, early Middle ‘Ages (Slavonic) [96]; Reutlingen, A.D. 14th cent 1213} Italy: Pompeii, A.D. 79 [41] Poland: Wolin, early Middle Ages [136]. Spain: several sites in western Catalonia, B.C. 2nd-lst maillen. [1]. Switzerland: Alle, Roman [28]; review A.D. 1000 132}. Age (117); Silybum marianum (L.) Gaedt. Israel: Hayonim terrace, Natufian [ Turkey: Kumlepe: Troy, Bronze/lron Age (203; 204], Sinapis alba Germany: review A.D. 4the8th cent. in the southwest [211f; Reutlingen, A.D, 14th cent, [212] Sisymbrium officinale U Germany: Neuss, early Holocene (as S. aff. usiriacum: S. aff. foeselii) [113]; Sehmiden, B.C. 2nd cent, [108]; Mecrdusch-Biderich, A.D, LOth- 13th cent. [110]. Netherlands: Oss-Ussen, tron Age [10]; Heeten, A.D. 4th cent, [139]: Groningen, late Middle Ages/mod- ern times [269] Solanum tuberosum Ethnobotany in North Am (as wild potato) [2271 Sorbus aucuparia L Review eastern central Europe A.D. 1000 [128], Czech Republic: Tabor, A.D. 15th-17th cent. [190]. Germany: Meerbuseh-Buderich, A.D. 10th-13th cent [110} Italy: Pompeii, A.D. 79 [41] Poland: Wolin, early Middle Ages [136]. Sorbus domestica L Review eastern central Europe A.D. 1000 [128] Germany: Meerbusch-BUderich, A.D. 10th-13th cent. [119} Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz Poland: Wolin, early Middle Ages [136] Surghum bicolor (L.) Moench Implications for domestication [85] Egypt: Nabta Playa, early Neolithic [250]; grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ca. 1323 (ssp. arundinacea) 243} Spergula arvensis L. (incl. Schwarz; S. sativa Bocnn.) Poland: Wolin, early Middle Ages [136]; Wrzesnica, early Middle Ages (in a bundle of flax ) [137] S. maxima [Weike] 0. Spinacia oleracea L. Germany: Stralsund, A.D. L6th-17th cent. [257] Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269] Staphylea pinnata 1 Review amulets Roman/Migration period [199]. Poland: Wroctaw, Middle Ages [119] ipa sp. : Harvesting wild grass seeds [85]. Poland: southern Kujawy, Neolithic Lengyel culture [isi] Trapa natans L. Review eastern central Europe A.D. 1000 [128] Polund: Wolin, early Middle Ages [136]. Trigonelta foenum-graecum L. Egypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ca, 1323 [245], Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269] Triticum aestivum L. (incl. T. aestivo-compactum Host: 7. ‘acstivumiT. durum Implications for domestication [85]; review Near East B.C, 7th millen, [105]; B.C. 6th-tst millen. (270); food plauts of the Tyrolean Alps, Neolithic [187]; eastern central Furope A.D, 1000 [128], Austria: Stillfried, late Bronze Age Magdalensberg, Roman [52] Belgium: Pommerecul, Gallo-Roman [138] Bulgaria: Tell Kapitan Dimitrievo, early‘late Neolithic (152) Denmark: settlement history Slesvig, Neolithie/Bronze ‘Age [55]: Sonderborg, Roman Iron Age [207], Fuypt: Kellis, A.D. 4th cont. [238] France: review early Neolithic, cardial ceramic eul- ture, in southern France [154}; Hébécrevon, Middle Neolithic, Cerny culture [49]: review late Bronze: early Iron Age [252]; sites in central Gaul, late Bronze Age to final La Tene [158]; Chassenard, carly Iron Age [252]; Montagnieu, middle Halistatt (2521; sites in northern France, latc Hallstatt to fi nal La Tene [160]; Rosoy, final Hallstatt [252]; Mont Beuvray, B.C. 20 [258]; late La ‘Téne/Gallo- Roman [253]; Dury ‘Le Moulin’, Roman; A.D. 9the Nth cent. [11] Germany: Altonwalde; Appein, Bronze/lron Age [15]; review Lausitz, (late) Bronze Aye to Middle Ages (modern times) [96]; Borg, late Hallstatt [261]; Buendorf: Lemke, pre-Roman Iron Age [15]: Garstedt, pre-Roman Iron Age [134]; some sites by the river Neckar, pre-Roman Iron Age [235]; Schmiden, B.C. 2nd cent. [108]: Boscadort, late Iron Age; Roman [259; 260]; Dieburg, Roman [70] Koln, Roman [112]; Carolingian [109]; Passau, Ro- ut;man [93]; Corvey, A.D. 8th-Sth/12th-13th cent. Meerbuseh-Baderieh, A.D. 10th-13th cent Pasewalk, A.D. late 13th cent, [92]: towns, villages in Baden-Wirttemberg, house construction materials, late Middle Ages/modern times [58], Great Britain: Balbridie, Neolishic (171; Tolpuddle Ball, Irom Age; Middle Ages [89]; Silehester, Ro- man [102]; St. Albans, A.D. Ist cent, [178]; Nor- wich southern bypass, late Saxon to Middle Ages 1791: Salisbury. A.D. 13th cent. [90]; Thurvaston. AD. Lith-14th cent, [169] Grecee: Franchtht Cave, upper Paleolithic to Neolithic {82|; Makri, middle/late Neolithic [244]: Agios Mamas, Chaikidike, A.D. 12th-\4th cent, (125[, Hungary: middle Bronze Age fortified settlements 174 lealy: Pompeii, A.D. 79 [41]. Netherlands: Noordwijk. carly Bronze Age [86]; Wiinaldum, early Middle Ages [191]; Groningen late Middle Ages/modemn times [269]. Poland: some sites in the Kujawy tegion, early Neolithic 119); Jakuszowice, Hallstatt [143]: Ro- man Iton Age [142; 241]; Wolin, early Middle Ages [136]; Krakow, A.D. 16th cent. (240) Russia: review area between Prut and Dniester, ‘Neolithic, Linear Pottery culture [135] Slovakia: review Nealithic/Chalcolithic [39]; late Neolithic/Chalcolithie [76]; Bronze Age, Oromani! Uatvan cultures [78]; Zemianske Podaradie, late Bronze Age [77]; Liptovské Sielnica-t,iptovsks Mora, middle Ia Tene [79] Spain: several sites in western Catalonia, B.C. 2nd-Lst millen, [1]; El Castellar de Berrueco, Iron Age [46]; Soti de Bureba, B.C. Tth-2nd cent, [182] Melque, A.D. 9th-13th cent. [4] Switzerland: casiem Swiss Alps, Bronze/lron Age Alle, Roman [28|; Develier-Courtételle, early Middle Ages [30}; review A.D. 1000 [132]; Basel, D, 13th cent, [106]: Taun, A.D. 13th cent. 129} Turkey: Kumtepe; Trey, Bronzeiiron Age (203; 204] Ukraine: review Chalcolithie; Bronze Age [192]; late Bronze Age, Sabatinovskaya culture [193]; Paslirskoye ‘Gorodishchye, (early?) Skivonic 1195]. Triticum bueoticum Boiss, Domestication rate in wild wheats and barley under primitive cultivation [88]. Slovakia: review late Neolithic/Chaleolithic (761 Triticum dicoecoides Korn. ex Schweinfurth ‘Near East: review B.C, 7th millen. [105]. Slovakia: review lave Neolithic/Chatcolithie [76]. Triticum dicaccon Schrank Implications for domestication [85]: as an original crop of the Fertile Crescent [41]; review Near Eas B.C. 7th millen, [105]; B.C. 6th-1st millen. [270]; food plants of the Tyrolean Alps, Neotithic |187]; eastern central Europe A.D. 1000 [128] Austria: St. Veit-Klinglberg, early Bronze Age [73]; Stillified, late Bronze Age {117}; Magdalensberg, Roman [52] 49 Belaiurm: Pommerceul, Gallo-Roman [138] Bulgaria: Kovachevo, early Neolithic [153]; Tell Kapitan Dimitrievo, early/late Neolithic (152). Denmark: seitlement history Slesvig, Neolithie/Bronze Age [55]; Djursland, laie Neolithic to Bronze Age [87]; Sonderdorg, Roman Iron Axe [207] Egypt: grave of Tulankhamun, B.C. ca, 1323 [245 France: review early Neolithic, cardial ceramic oul- ture, in southern France [154]; Hebécrevon, Middle Neolithic, Cerny culture [49]; review late Bronze! carly Iron Age [252]; Villeneuve-la-Guyard, late Bronze Age (252]: sites in central Gaul, late Bronze Age to final La Téne [158]: Chassenard, early Iron Age [252]; Montagnieu, middle Kallstatt [252] sites in northern France, late Hallstatt to final La Tene [160]; Rosoy, final Hallstatt 1252); Caer, middle to late La Téne [222]; Mosles, B.C. 4th cent, [151]; Mont Beuvray. B.C. 20 (258); late La Tene/Gallo-Roman [253] Germany: Mardorf, Neolithic; carly Bronze Age; Unnfield poriod [123]; Schwanfeld, late Neolithic Bernburg culture (1. monococcum/T. d.) [12] Appelt; Hambarg-Marmstorf; Hesel, Bronze/lron ‘Age [15]; Buschdorf, middle Bronze Age: La Teng, Roman [259; 260]; Borg, late Hallstatt [261]; re view Lausitz, Iron Age to Middle Ages [96]; Buendorf; Lemke, pre-Roman Iron Age [15]; some sites by the river Neckar, pre-Roman Iron Age [235]; Schmiden, B.C. 2nd cent, [108]; Kaln, Ro- man [112]; Sehndorf, tste Roman [262]: Trier, late Roman [116]: Seharabeck, A.D. Ieti2nd cet [134]; Joldelund, “A.D. dih-Sth cent, | MeetbuschBiderich AD. IOde1ah cont [110K Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent. [129]; Reuttingen, AD. Lith cent, [212]: towns, villages in Baden: Warttemberg, house construction materials, late Middle Ages/modern times [58] Great Britain: Balbridie, Neolithic (171]; Windmill Hill, Neolithic (S7[; Norwich southern bypass, Neolithic to Iron Age [179]: Tolpuddie Ball, Neolithic to Romano-British [89]; Dancbury envi- rons, late Bronze Age: pre-Roman Iron Age [36]; Witham, late Ist cent. B. C.; late Roman [177]; Silchester. Roman [102]; St. Albans, A.D. Ist eent. [178 Greece: Franchthi Cave, upper Paleolithic to Neolithic (821; Makri, middle/late Neolithic [244]; Agios Mamas, Chaikidike, A.D. 12ih-14th cent. ((25] Hungary: middle Bronze Age fortified settlements 174] Ireland: Tankardstown, aly: Pompeii, A.D. 79 [41] Luxemburg: Lamadeleine, B.C. Ist cent. [124] Netherlands: Westwoud, middle‘late Bronze Age [34; ‘Oss-Ussen, Tron Age [10]; Wijnaldum, A.D. Ist millen (8 periods) [191]; Gouda-Oostpolder, A.D. 12th cent. [13] Norway: Rennesoy, Neolithiclearly Bronze Age [231]. Poland: some sites in the Kujawy region, early Neolithic [19]; southern Kujawy, Neolithic Lengyel culture [181]: Jakuszowice, Hallstat (14 Iron Age (142: 241]; Wasosz Gory, early Roman fron Age {18 Wolin, curly Middle Ages [136], thie [171]30 Russia: review area between Prut_and Dniester, Neolithic, Linear Pottery culture [135]. Slovakia: review Neolithie/Chalcolithic [39]; late Neolithic/Chalcolithic [76]; Veelince, Bronze Age, Otomani culture [78]; Zemianske Pedbradie, late Bronze Age [77]: Liptovské Sielnica-Lipsovska Mara, middle La Téne [79] Spain: Cova des Carsitx (Menorca), late Bronze Age [234]; several sites in western Catalonia, B.C, 2nd- Ist millen. [1]; El Casteliar de Berrueca, Iron Age [46]: Soti de Bureba, B.C 7th-2nd cent. [182]; sites in the Ebro delta, B.C. Sta to 2nd cent. [45] Switzerland: eastern Swiss Alps, Bronze/Iron Age [97]; Develier-Courtételle, early Middle Ages [30]; review A.D, 1000 [132]. Turkey: Kumtepe; Troy, Bronze/Iron Age [203; 204]. Ukraine: review Neolithic; Chaleolithic; Bronze Age [192]; late Bronze Age, Sabatinovskaya culture [193]; Scythian, B.C. 7h-3rd cent. [194]: Pastirs'koye Gorodisheitye, (early?) Slavonic [195] Triticum durum Desf. (incl. T. tergidum L.) Implications for domestication [85]; review Near East B.C. 7th millen, [105] Bulgaria: Kovachevo, early Neolithie [153] Russia: review area between Prat and Dniester, Neolithic, Linear Pottery culture [135]. Triticum monococeum L. Implications for domestication [85]; as an original crop ofthe Fertile Crescent [14]: review Neat East B.C. 7th millen, (105): B.C. 6th-Ist millon, (270) food plants of the Tyrolean Alps, Neolithic (187) gastefn central Europe 8.9. 1000 [128] Austria: Stillfried, late Bronze Age [117]; Magdalens- berg, Roman [52]. Bulgaria: Kovachevo, Kapitan Dimitrievo, earlylate Neolithic [ Denmark: settlement history Slesvig, Neolithic Bronze Age [55]. Bgypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ea. 1323 [245] France: review early Neolithic, cardial ceramic cul- ture, in southera France [154]; late Bronze/early Iron Age [252]; sites in central Gaul, late Bronze ‘Age to final La Véne [158]; Villeneuvesla-Guyard, late Bronze Age [2: Montagnieu, middle Hallstatt [252]; sites in northern France, late Hallstatt to final La Téne [160]; Rosoy, final Hallstatt [252]; Mont Beuvray, B.C. 20 [288]. Germany: Mardort, Neolithic (123); Sehwanfeld, late Neolithic Beraburg culture {12}; review Lausitz (late) Bronze Age to Migration period [96]; Borg, Tate Hallstatt [261]; some sites by the river Neckar, pre-Roman Iron Ave [233]: Scharmbeck, A.D. Ist’ 2nd eent. [134]; Nida, AD. 2nd-3rd cent. [122]; Trier, late Roman [116]; Lauchheim, A.D. 6th-Sth early Neolithic [153]; Tell cent. (211); Reutlingen, A.D. ith cent. [212] ‘owns, villages in Badlen-Wortlemberg, house con: struction materials, late Middle Ages/modern times [58 Great Britain; Danchury environs, pre-Roman Iron ‘Age (36). Greece: Franchthi Cave, upper Paleolithic to Neolithic [82]; Makri, middle/late Neolithic [244]; Agios Mamas, Chalkidike, A.D. 12th-I4th cent. [125] Hungary: middle Bronze Age fortified setilements (74). Italy: Tisenjoch, B.C. 3350-3120 [187] Luxemburg: Larmadeleine, B.C. 1st cent, [124] Netherlands: Oss-Ussen, Iron Age [10]. Norway: Rennesoy, Neolithic/early Bronze Age [231] Poland: some sites in the Kujawy region, early Neolithic [19]; southern Kujawy, Neolithic Lengyet culture [181]; Jakuszowice, Hallstatt [142] Russia: review area between Prut and Dniester, Neolithic, Linear Pottery culture [135 Slovakia: review Neolithic/Chaleslithic [39] Véelince, Bronze Age, Otomani culture [78]; Zemianske Podhradie, late Bronze Age [77]: Liptovska Sielnica-Liptovské Mara, middle La ‘Tene [79] Switzerland: eastern Swiss Alps, Bronze/lron Age [97]; Develier-Courtételle, early Middle Ages [30]; review A.D. 1000 [132]: Basel, A.D. 13th cent, [106]; La Neuveville, A.D. 14th cent. [27] Turkey: Kumtepe; Troy, Bronze/iron Age [203; 204) Ukraine: review Neolithic; Chalcolithie; Bronze Age [192]; late Bronze Age, Sabatinovskaya culture [193]; Pastirs'koye Gorodishchye, (carly?) Sla- vonie [195], Triticum parviegccum Kislev Review Near East B.C. 7th millen. [105]. Triticum spelea L. Review eastern central Furope A.D. 1000 [128], Austria: St. Veit-Klinglberg, early Bronze Age [73]. Belgium: Pommerceul, Gallo-Roman [138]. Denmark: settlement history Slesvig, Neolithic/Bronze Age [55]; Djursland, late Neolithic to Bronze Aue 187), France: review late Bronzwearly Iron Age [252J; sites in central Gaul, late Bronze Age to final La Téne [158]; Villencuverla-Guyard, latc Bronze Age [252]; Montagnieu, middle Hallstatt (252): sites in northern France, late Hallstatt to final La Téne [160]; Rosoy, final Hallstatt [252]; Chassenard, early Iron Age [252]; Caen, middle (0 late La Téne [222]; Mont Beuvray, B.C. 20 [258]. Germany: Baschdorf, middle Bronze Aye; Roman [259; 260); Borg, late Hallstatt [261]: some sites by the river Neckar, pre-Roman Iron Age [235] Schmiden, B.C. 2nd cent. [108]; Dieburg, Roman (70]; Koln, Roman [112]: Carolingian [109]: Nida, A.D. 2nd-3rd cent. [122]; Sehndorf, late Roman ; Trier, late Roman {116}; Lauchheim, A.D, Gth-Bth cent. [211]; review Lavsitz, early Middle Ages (Slavonic) [96]; Meerbusch-Biderich, A.D. VOth13th cent. [110]; Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18eh cent. [129]; Reutlingen, A.D, 4th cent. [212]; towns, villages in Baden-Wirttemberg, house ¢or struction materials, late Middle Ages/modern times [58], Great Britain; Danebury environs, late Bronze Age to Roman [36]; Norwich southern bypass, late Bronze/tron Age; Romano-British [179];Tolpuddle Ball, Tate Bronze Age to Romano-British [89]; Hinksley Road, pre-Roman Iron Age [168; 208); Witham, late Ist cent. B. C.; late Roman (177); Silchester, Roman [102]; St. Albans, A.D. ist cent. [178] Greece: Agios Mamas, Chatkidike, A.D. 12thel4th eat. [1 Hungary: middle Bronze Age fortified settlements (74) Luxemburg: Lamadeleine, B.C. Ist cent. [124] Netherlands: Oss-Ussen, Iron Age [10] Poland: Wascsz Gérny, early Roman Iron Age [18]; Wolin, early Middle’ Ages (136) Russia: review area belwoon Prut_and Dniester, Neolithic, Linear Pottery culture [135] Slovakia: review NeolithiciChaleolithic [39]; late Neolithic/Chaleolithie (76]; Bronze Age, Otomani? Hatvan cultures [78]; Zemianske Podatadie, late Bronze Age {77|: Liptovska Sielnica-Liptovska Mara, middle La Tene {79}, Switzerland: eastern Swiss Alps, Bronze/lron Age [97]; Alle, Roman [28]; Develier-Courtételle, early Middle Ages (30); review A:D. 1000 [132]; Basel A.D. 13th cent. (106): Thun, A.D, 13th cent. [29] LaNeuveville, A.D. Téth cent. (27) Ukraine: review Neolithie; Chaléolithie: Bronze Age [192]: late Bronze Age, Sabatinovskaya culture [193]; Pastirs’koye Gorodishchye, (early?) Slax vonie [195]. Triticum sp. Implications for domestication [85]; domestication rate in wild wheats and barley under primitive culti- vation [88]; pollen of wild and domestic wheats [50]; morphological characters [166]; variation of micromorphology of kernels [120]; a "new" glume ‘wheat from Greece see 7. timopheov! (101), Triticum timopheevi Zhuk. Implications for domestication [85]; cultivation in ‘Neolithic and Bronze Age Germany, Austria, Hun- gary, Greece, and Turkey? [101]. Triticum turgidum L. ‘Near East: review B.C. 7th millen, [105]. Triticum urartu Tumanjan Domestication rate in wild wheats and barley under primitive cultivation [88] Urochtoa sp. Egypt: Nabia Playa, early Neolithic [250] Vicia ervitia(L.) Will ‘As an original erop of the Fertile Crescent [141]; as a cultivated pulse crop [33]; review Mesopotamia, B.C. 6th-Ist millen, [270] as a fodder for cattle in ancient Greek literature [146]: review eastern cen tral Europe A.D. 1000 [128]; keyword Halsen sriichie [214] Austria: Stllied, late Bronze Age [117]. Bulgaria: Kovachevo, early Neolithic [153]; Telt Kepitan Dimitrievo, early/late Neolithic [152] sl France: sites in central Gaul, late Bronze Age to final La Téne [158]; Montagnieu, middle Hallstatt [252], sites in northern France, late Hallstatt to final La Tene [160]; Rosoy, final Hallstat [252]. Germany: Mardorf, early Bronze Age; Urnfield period [123}; some sites by the river Neckar, pre-Roman Iron Axe [235]. Greece: Frenchthi Cave, upper Peleolithic to Neolithic [82); Makri, middlc“late Neolithic [244]. Hungary: middle Bronze Age fortified settlements 174] Slovakia: review Neolithic/Chaleolithie [39]: late ‘Neolithic/Chaleolithic [76] Vurkey: Kumtepe; roy, Bronze/lron Age [203; 204]. Ukraine: review Neolithic; Cheleolithic [192]; late Bronze Age, Sabatinovskaya culture [193], Vicia faba | ‘As a cultivated pulse crop [33]; review Mesopotamia, B.C. 6th-Ist millen, [270]; eastern central Europe A.D. 1000 [128]; keyword Hilsenyruchte [214 Austria: Stillfried, late Bronze Age [117] Belgium: Gallo-Roman sites [138] Egypt: Kellis, A.D, 4th cent, (as Bohnen) [238] France: review late Bronze‘early Iron Age [252]; sites in central Gaul, late Bronze Age to final La Téne 1158}; sites in northern France, late Hallstatt to fi- nal La Téne [160]; Rosoy. final Hallstatt [252]: Caen, middle to late La Tene [222]; Dury ‘Le Moulin’,A.D. 9th-12th cent. {1} Germany: Mardorf, early Bronze Age; Urnfield period [123]; review Lausitz, late) Bronze Age to Middle Ages [96]: some sites by the river Neckar, pre-Ro- man tron Age [235]; Kéln, Roman 112}; Passau, Roman [93]; Loxstedt-Littstticke, Migration period [15]; Meerbusch-Baderich, A.D. 10th-13th cent. [110]; Corvey, A.D. 12th-13th cent. [265]: Oldenburg, A.D. 13ih-18th cent, [129]; Pasewalk, A.D, jate 13th cent, [92]; Stralsund, A.D. 16th-17th cent. [257] Great Britain: review Wales B.C. 2nd millen. [173]; Tolpuddle Ball, Middle Ages (89): Salisbury, A.D. 13th cent. {90}; Thurvaston, A.D. 13th-I4ih e: [i69) Greece: Makri, middle/late Neolithic (cf.) [244]; Agios ‘Mamas, Chalkidike, A.D. 12th-I4th cent. [125] Hungary: middle Bronze Age fortified settlements (ray Italy: Pompeii, A.D. 79 [41]. Netherlands: Oss-Ussen, Iron Age [10]; Wijnaldum, A.D. Ist millen. (8 periods) [191]; Heeten, A.D. 4th cent. [139]; Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269] Poland: Jukuszowice, Roman Iron Age [142; 241] Slovakia: review late Neolithie/Chaleolithic {76); Zemianske Podhradie, late Bronze Age [77 Liptovské Sielnica-Liptovski Mara, middle L: Tene [79] Spain: several sites in western Catalonia, B.C. 2nd-Ist millen. [1f; sites in the Ebro delta, B.C. Sth to 2nd cont. [45]. Switzerland: eastern Swiss Alps, Bronze/Iron Age {97}; review A.D, 1000 [132]; Thun, A.D. 13th cent. [25].2 ‘Turkey: Kumtepe; Troy, Bronze/lron Age (203; 204], Vicia sativa L. ‘As.a cultivated pulse erop [33]; review Near Last B.C. “ith millen, [105}; eastern eentral Europe A.D. 1000 [128]; keyword Lilsenfrachte [214] Reypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. cu. 1323 [245 France: Rosoy, final Hallstatt [252]; Mont Beuvray, B.C. 20 [258]. Germany: review Lausitz, Iron Age o Middle Ages (modern times) [96]; Borg, late Hallstatt [261]; Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent. [129]; Pasewalk, AD. late 13th cont [97] Great Britain: Danebury environs, pre-Roman Iron ‘Age (36]; Tolpuddle Ball, lron Age: Middle Ages [89]; Salisbury, A.D. 13th cent, [90]; Thurvaston, A.D. 13th-14th cent. [169]. Hungary: middle Bronze Age fortified settlements (74). Netherlands: Oss-Ussen, Iron Age [10]; Wijnaldum, A.D. ist millen, (& periods) [191]; Groningen, late le Ages/modern times [269] Switzerland: review A.D. 1000 [132]; Thun, A.D. 13th cent. [29] Vicia sp. Greece: Franchthi Cave, upper Palaeolithic ‘Neolithic [82] Vitex sp. Greece: plants depicted on wall paintings, Bronze Age (V. agnus-castus) {224 Nigeria: Kursakata, 1920-2860 B. P, (I. cf. doniana) [183] Vitis vinifera |. (inel. sp. sylvestris [Gmel.] Beger, Vitis sp.) Review viticulture in Greece and in Greek colonies, in Italy [44]; eastern central Furope A.D. 1000 [128]. Austria: Stillfried, late Bronze Age [117] Belgium: Gallo-Roman sites [138] Bulgaria: Kovachevo, carly Neolithic [153]; Tell Kapitan Dimitrievo, early/late Neolithic (152], Caech Republic: review Moravia, Chalcolithic’Bronze ‘Age [189]; Tabor, A.D. 15the17th cent, [190] Egypt: grave of Tutankhamum, B.C, ca. 1323 [245]; ‘Kellis, A.D. 4th cent. [238] France: ‘review all phases [155]: review early Neolithic, cardial ceramie culture, in southern France [154]; late Bronze‘early Iron Age [252]; sites in central Gaul, late Hallstatt to early La Tene (158. Germany: Buschdorf, Roman (260); Dieburg, Roman [70]: Koln, Roman [112]; Carolingian [109]; Nida, A.D. 2nd-3rd cent. [122]: review A.D. dthe8th cent in the southwest [211]: Corvey. A.D. 8th-9th cent [265]; Meerbuseh-Biiderich, A.D. 10th-13th cent [110]; Oldenburg, A.D. 13th-18th cent. [129]: Reutlingen, A.D. lth cent. [212]: Stralsund, A.D. 6th-17th cent. [257] Great Britain: Salisbury, A.D. 13th cent. [90] Greece: Franchthi Cave, upper Palacolithic to Neolithic (82]; Makri, middle‘late Neolithic (244): Agios Mamas, Chalkidike, A.D. 12th-14th cent (125) Italy: Pompeii, A.D. 79 (41); Seafati, A.D. 79 [40] Netherlands: Groningen, late Middle Ages/modern times [269]; Kampen, A.D. 16thi-17th cent. [25] Russia: review area between Prut_and Dniester, Neolithic, Linear Pottery culture [135]. Slovakia: review late Neolithie/Chalcolithic [76] Spain: Cova des Carritx (Menorca), late Bronzs Age [234}; several sites in western Catalonia, B.C. 2nd- Ist millen. [I]; sites in the Ebro delta, B.C, 52h to 2nd cent. [45]; Melque, A.D. 9th-13th cent. [4 Switzerland: Schaffhausen, A.D. 11th-12th cent. [26]; Bascl, A.D. 13th cent. 106]; La Newveville, A.D. lth cent. [27 Turkey: Kumtepe; Troy, Bronze/lron Age [203; 204]. Ukraine: review Chaleoliie [192] Ziziphus lotus (L.) Lam, France: review all phases [155], Ziziphus sp. Faypt: Nabta Playa, early Neolithic (250) France: review all phases (as Z, lotus!jujuba) [155] Nigeria: Kursakata, 1920-2860 B. P. [183]. Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Willd. Egypt: grave of Tutankhamun, B.C. ca. 1323 [245], General topics Agrarian History: Great Britain: review Wales B.C, 2nd millen, [173]; mainland Greece, B.C. Ist millen. [127] Isle of Samos, B.C. 7th cent. [130]; Greek colonies in southern France, Iron Age [156] Agriculture: Egyptian agriculture (245); Great Britain: re- view Wales B.C. 2nd millen. [173]; mainland Greece, B.C. Ist millen, [127]: Isle of Samos, B.C. 7th cent (130]; Greek colonies in southern France, Iron Age 1156}; agriculture and religion in northern italy, A.D. 4th cent, [62]; prehistoric Catalonia [J] Arable weed flora: Bromus secalinus ssp. nov. decipiens a secondary weed without crop mimic characters [20]. Archacobotany: a new handbook [98] Archaeobotanical database: Krakow, Poland [144]. Bast: Italy: Tisenjoch, B.C. 3350-3120 [197] Beginnings of agriculture: the archaeologists view [38]; ‘the sociologists view on the human being in the transi tion to agriculture [219] Bibliography: references of U Willerding [264]. Book reviews: Korber-Grohne: Pflaumen, Kirsch- pflaumen, Schlehen [103]; Geraghty: Viking Dublin (2211 Bread: St. Veit-Klinglberg, Austria, early Bronze Age (73]; Baschdorf, Germany, Roman (249]; Pompeli, Italy, A.D. 79 [41] Building: plant remains in house construction materials (585 212) Caulking: vessels and wells in the Rhineland, Neolithic to Middle Ages [111]; wrecks in the Netherlands, Middle Ages and modern times [37]; with Polytrichum com- ‘mune in Poland [100].Celtic fields: lagen soils in northwestern Germany [17 Bornholm, Denmark {183}. Cereal processing: in southern Mesopotamia atthe end of the B.C. 3ed:millen, [72) in central Europe [163]; sev- eral sites in western Catalonia, B.C. 2nd-Ist millen Oy} Cereals: Cercala-type pollen in the Near East: wild or do- inestic? [23]; cereal trade in Antiquity, B.C. Sth cent. foA.D. 3rdcent. [51] Chaff: as an economic resource in arid and temperate areas [246], Crop husbandry regimes: sevcral sites in western Catalo- nia, B.C. 2nd-1st millen. [1]. CCrop processing: several sites in western Catalonia, B.C. 2nd-Ist mille. [1] Diseases: favism, malaria and coastal marshes [114]. Diet: pataeodiet in the Aegean [223]; handbook of archae- ology [201] Environment and ecology: several sites in western Catalo- ‘ia, BC. 2nd-15¢ mille, (1) Environmental archaeology: landscape and man in central Europe (21) Ethnobotany: inthe (Austrian) Alps 148} Ethnopharmacology: plants the folk medi 154]. Experimental crop growing: cultivation, harvest and threshing of wild cereals [88; 242). Experiments: carbonizing cezeal grains, weed seeds in re- constructed prehistoric houses [75]: western Catalonia, B.C. 2nd-Ist millen, [1] Food productien: surplus production in Iron Age Nether- Jands [9]. Food: an archazology of food, Switzerland A.D, 1000 [205]; Roman kitchen in Carnuntum, Austria [239]. Gardens: review early Neolithic evidence of cultivated spices in central Europe [133]; northern Germany [80]; mainland Greece, B.C. Ist millen, [127]; Isle of Samos, B.C. 7th cent. [130]; Grock colonies in southe ern France, Iron Age [156]; garden history in the ‘Netherlands [272] Grassland: keyword Hude [266]. Hay: in the archaeobotanical record [91]; Nida, Germany, A.D. Ind-3rd C [122]. Honey: review Switzerland A.D. 1000 [107] Honourings: U Willerding [216: 264] Hunger: about A.D. 1000 (172) Hunter - gatherers: plant food (104] Identification keys: Prunus 5.3 131] Identification: 9y computerized image analysis [121] Landraves and seed ware: influence of new seed ware on the yield [274]. Leafy Fay: ethrobotany in the (Austrian) Alps [148] Manaring: Celtic fields and pluggen soils in northwestern Germany [17]. Mead: honcy in central Europe and in Denmark (115) Medicinal plants: in medieval Denmark [150]; Scsfat, aly, A.D. 79 [40] Methods: « new handbook [98]; planning archacobotany in Danish urban sites [206] Monocrops: strplis production in Iron Age Netherlands pI Mosses: Tisenjoch, Italy, B.C. 3350-3120 [48]. of Turkey 33 Mushrooms: cthnobotany in the (Austrian) Alps [148]; re= view eastern central Europe A.D. 1000 [128] (Clive) oil: Fatty acids in amphorae from Tell ek Amarna, late Bronze Age Egypt [233| Phytoliths: as indicators for irrigation farming [217]; a8 a ‘new tool for evaluating changes in precipitation (180); phytolith analysis in Neolithic Makri, Greece [149] Plough: northwestern Iualy, prehis-ory t0 A.D. 1000 [59; 60; 63] Pulses: agronomy [33] Roots and tubers: Great Britain: Windmill Hill, Neolithic [57]; resulting microweur from root and tuber process- ing on chipped stone tools [227] Seed trading: surplus production in Iron Age Netherlands p) Settlement history: central Europe (21]; central Euro early Middle Ages [255]; Denmark, Slesvig, Neolithic and Bronze Age [53]; Great Britain, Wales B.C. 2nd millen. [173] Soils: structure modifications caused by different cultiva- tion implements [68]; Celtie fields and plaggen soils in northwestern Germany [17]. Storage pests: Kumtepe: Troy. Turkey, Bronze and [ron Age (Bruchus sp.; Tenebrio cf. melitor)|203; 204 cereals: surplus production in Iron Age Nether- Jands (9), Textiles: spinning and weaving in late Ion and Viking ‘Age Scandinavia [3]. ‘Threshing: Threshing slediges and archaeology [7] Tools: fishing and hunting tools in Mesolitaie Denmark [162] residue analysis of plant-working tools [66]: ex perimental cultivation, harvest and threshing of wild cereals and Epipalaeolihie and Neolithic artifacts (88; 242; 118; 226}; sickles [69]; agricultural tools in the Italian Terramare culture, Breaze Age [61]; Roman harrows in Austria [52]; agrarian tools A.D. 1000, Switzerland [42]; resulting misrowear from root and tuber processing on chipped stone tools [227]. Trade: Cereal trade in Antiquity, B.C. Sth cent. to A.D. 3rd cent [51]. Vegetable fibres: Cannabis, Metelen, Germany, A.D. 10th cent. [220] Vegetation history: Holocene southern Syria (charcoal) [263]; Chenopodiaceae in the Holocene [176]; central Europe, early Middle Ages [255]. Viticulture: In Greece, Magna Grecia, and Sicily (56; 44}: atthe river Ardéche, France, Roman [71]; Wollaston Great Britain, Roman [32]: Roman provinces in Europe {81}; Switzerland A.D. 1000 (229) Weeds: Roman harrows in Austria [52]; in northwestern ental Europe [16]; some sites by the river Neckar, Germany, pre-Roman Tron Age [235]; Lauchheim, Germany, A.D, 6th-8th cent. (211); plant migrations [237]; historical aspects of the protection of weeds (961 Winter cereal cultivation: Denmark, Dreagsted: Lerdal; Hvidhojgard, A.D. mid 1st mille [165] Wood and woodworking: Anglo-Seandinavian and Medi- eval York [174]. id: cereuls [228]; emmer and spelt in Bulser Ancient Farm (202) Stsa References [1] Aloaso Martine? 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