1.

Between 1911-1941, what was the trend seen in:

 Per-capita agricultural production
 Per-capita foodgrain output
 Per-capita non-foodgrain agricultural output
(UK, Page 65)

2. What was the main reason for whatever increment was seen in output
growth in agriculture in India during 1911-1941? (UK, Page 65)
3. List 3 main reasons for this state of agriculture during 1911-1941.
4. What was the share of agriculture in India’s GDP in the following years:
1951, 1981, 2001, and 2014? (UK, Page 243)
5. What is the major reason behind the high rate of growth of rural wages
seen in the late 2000s? (Not MGNREGA) (UK, Page 244)
6. What has been the trend seen in GCF in agriculture as a % of the GDP of
agriculture in recent years? What is the %? (UK, Page 245)
7. According to Rangarajan (1982), what is the % impact of 1% growth in
agriculture on industrial production and on national income?
8. What were the two main thrust areas for agricultural development during
1951-61? (UK, Page 247)
9. What were the four main aims of land reform programme in India? (UK,
Page 247-248)
10. What was the % of food imports to domestic availability in 1966? (Page
302)
11. What was the per head growth rate of output of foodgrains in the first
decade of the Green Revolution? In the 1980s? (Page 303)
12. Why did the adoption of HYVs lead to a boom in the demand for chemical
fertilizers and further necessitated strengthening of irrigation systems?
(UK, Page 248)
13. While the introduction of HYV seeds was done to boost yield per acre, the
technological benefit of these seeds could be derived only with more
intensive use of other complementary inputs, such as land, water, and
fertilizers. What were the implications of this for the economic welfare of
farmers, and attractiveness of the HYV seeds? (IMPORTANT; (UK, Page
248))
14. What were some of the key aspects of Green Revolution? (UK, Page 251)
15. Why did subsidies become an important instrument of agricultural policy
beginning in 1960s, and even more so in the 1970s? (UK, Page 251, 252)
16. Describe the extent of rural poverty reduction between 1967 and 1973.
(UK, Page 251)
17. Describe the performance of Indian agriculture between 1972 and 1980,
in terms of:
 Food imports (which years? How much? Why?)
 Growth in input subsidies (numbers)
 Growth rate of foodgrain production
 Decline/ Increase in rural poverty (why?)

18. Describe the performance of Indian agriculture between 1981 and 1990,
in terms of:
 Pattern of agricultural growth, and drivers
  Growth in yields for wheat and rice (contrast between 1967-84, and
1984-1999) (UK, Page 253)
 Increase in input subsidies (reasons, % of GDP in 1980 and 1991)

19. Although the 1991 reforms focused mainly on the industrial sector,
mention two important effects they had on agriculture.
20. What was the average growth rate of agricultural GDP in:
 1951-1967
 1967-1980 (Green Revolution Period)
 1981-1990 (Wider Technology Dissemination Period)
 1991-1996 (Early Reform Period)
 Between 1997-2005 (Ninth and Tenth plans)?
 11th plan (2007-12)
(UK, Page 254)

21. Contrast the growth/ decline in productivity (yield growth) of:

 Rice (1980s v/s 1995-2005)
 Wheat (1980s v/s 1995-2005)
 Pulses
 Which were the only two crops that showed significant productivity
growth? Why? (UK, Page 255)

22. What were some of the major reasons for decline in agricultural growth
after 1996? (Research required; answer not in Uma Kapila- one reason is
mentioned on Page 263, 266, 267)
23. What was the average growth rate of agriculture during the tenth and
eleventh plan periods?
24. There has been a secular decline in growth variability in Indian
agriculture over the last 30 years. What are some of the reasons for this?
(UK, Page 257)
25. ‘The increase in instability (year-to-year variation in foodgrain output) in
the post Green Revolution period can be attributed to the use of new
technology’. Comment. (UK, Page 258)
26. What have been the two major causes of increasing environmental
degradation due to agriculture sector? (UK, Page 259)
27. What have been some of the key defects in India’s agricultural policy since
independence? List 3. (Page 261)

28. Explain the trend in capital formation (and relative contributions of

public and private sectors) in agriculture in:
 1980s
 1990s
 Tenth plan (2002-2007)
 Eleventh plan (2007-2012)

29. What % of GCF in agriculture is usually accounted for by the private

sector in India?
30. According to UK, which three areas should get priority focus in the future
toward public investment in agriculture? (Page 264)
31. Describe the trend (without numbers) of the ToT in agriculture between
1980-1997, and 1999-2004. (Page 267)
32. List four indicators that demonstrate the rural distress in post-reform
India. (Page 267)
33. Outline the key provisions of the National Policy for Farmers, 2007. (Page
269, needs more research)
34. What are the two major emerging imbalances in Indian agriculture? Write
short notes. (Page 269-272)
35. Contrast the trends in expenditures on subsidies v/s investments as a
share of agricultural GDP over the tenth and eleventh plans. What does
this indicate? (Page 271)
36. Contrast the share of foodgrains and fruits/ vegetables in India’s: gross
cropped area, and value of total agricultural produce. (Page 274)
37. What is the % of processed food in the total food production in India?
How does this compare to developed countries? (Page 276)
38. What is ‘secondary agriculture’? (Page 276)
39. What are the ‘I’s’ required for agricultiural reforms in India? (Page 277)
40. According to the IFPRI study, what are the returns from a 1 rupee
investment in: agricultural R&D, rural roads, and fertilizers? (Page 278)
41. Write a note on Gujarat’s ‘Jyotirgram’ experiment. (Page 279)
42. List two critical institutional reforms needed to improve agricultural
growth. (Page 280)
43. What was the % of exports in agricultural GDP in: 1991, 2010? (Page 281)
44. What is the Balassa index for agriculture in India? For manufacturing?
What does this indicate? (Page 282)
45. What % of all households in rural areas are headed by women? (Page
286)
46. What are the three main aims of India’s agricultural pricing policy? (Page
288)
47. What are the two major factors on which CACP recommendations are
based? (Page 289)
48. List 2 reasons why beginning in the late-1990s, MSPs set for wheat and
rice became increasingly out of step with domestic market conditions.
(Page 290)
49. List 5 failures of the price policy in India. (Page 291)
50. What is the average share of Punjab and Haryana in wheat procurement
annually? (Page 293)
51. Define India’s ‘food subsidy’ (what are its components)? (Page 293)
52. What % of the GDP does it routinely account for? (research required)
53. Beyond the MSP, what % does the government spend on incidental and
distribution costs? (Page 298)
54. What is a major demand-side reason for declining nutritional levels even
in the face of increasing stockpiles of food? (Page 302)
55. During a large chunk of the 1990s and early 2000s, population growth
outstripped the increase in value of foodgrain output. Yet, our stockpile
continued growing. What explains this? (Page 305)
56. What was the food subsidy bill (in rupee terms) in 2013-14? (Page 307)
Agriculture and WTO (not given in Uma Kapila)