. any character except newline \w \d \s word digit whitespace a the character a \W \D \S not word digit whitespace ab the string ab [abc] any of a, b, or c a|b a or b [^abc] not a, b, or c a* 0 or more a’s [a-g] characters between a & g \ escapes a special character Anchors Groups & Lookaround ^abc$ start / end of the string (abc) capture group \b \B word, not-word boundary \1 backreference to group #1 (?:abc) non-capturing group Escaped Characters (?=abc) positive lookahead \. \* \\ escaped special characters (?!abc) negative lookahead \t \n \r tab, linefeed, carriage return
Quantifiers & Alt Common Examples
a* a+ a? 0 or more, 1 or more, 0 or 1 ^\d+$ whole numbers
a{5} a{2,} exactly five, two or more ^[a-zA-Z0-9]*$
alphanumeric with space a{1,3} between one & three a+? a{2,}? match as few as possible /\b[\w\.-]+@[\w\.-]+\.\w{2,4}\b/i email address ab|cd match ab or cd ^(https?:\/\/)?([\da-z\.-]+\.[a-z\.]{2,6}|[ Flags \d\.]+)([\/:?=&#]{1}[\da-z\.-]+)*[\/\?]?$ url validation g global i case insensitive m multiline