bowling – a game in which you stand at one end of a long, smooth surface and roll a heavy ball

along it to try to knock down a group of ten wooden objects arranged in a triangle at the other end
a concert – a musical show or performance
dancing – the activity of moving your feet and body to the rhythm of music
karate – a sport from Japan in which people fight with their hands or feet
hiking – walking for pleasure in the mountains or country
mountain biking – the activity of riding a bicycle with thick tires and lots of gears in hills and on
rough ground
a pottery class – a class where you learn to make things from clay, like plates, bowls, etc.
weight training – the activity of lifting heavy objects for exercise, especially to improve the strength
of muscles and the appearance of the body.

They're hiking. - Están de excursión.

They're dancing. - Ellos están bailando.
She's doing karate. - Ella está haciendo karate.
He's taking a pottery class. - Está tomando una clase de cerámica.
He's weight training. - Está entrenando con pesas.
They're at a concert. - Están en un concierto.
They're mountain biking. - Son ciclismo de montaña.

done anything special. - hecho algo especial.

had a party. - tuve una fiesta.
been out with your friends. - salido con tus amigos.
eaten anywhere nice. - comido en cualquier lugar agradable.

1AHave you 
Verbs
been up to. - estado hasta.
grab a bite to eat.  - tomar un bocado para comer.
getting serious. - va en serio.

Other words
Impressive. - Impresionante
Vase. - Florero
Bowl. – Tazón

1. I've been going to a pottery class since September.

2. I'm still doing karate.
3. I've been seeing a guy from work.
4. I've been working late every night.

Working - trabajando.
seeing a guy from work - ver a un chico del trabajo.
going to a pottery class - ir a una clase de cerámica.
doing karate - haciendo karate.

Bob. So, what have you been doing since I saw you last?
Lois. Working. That's pretty much it. I haven't been out in months. What about you?
Bob. Same here. I've been working late every night. Uh . . . do you have time to grab a bite to eat?
 
Maya. I haven't seen you in ages! What have you been up to?
Gail. Well, you won't believe it, but I've been seeing a guy from work. We've gone out three or four
times now, so I guess it's getting serious.
 
Will. What have you been up to recently? I haven't seen you at the gym.
Diane. Well, I've been going to a pottery class since September.
Will. Pottery . . . really! So, what kind of things do you make?
Diane. So far I've made eight vases and two bowls. Here's something I just made.
 
Luis. Hey, good to see you. I see you're still doing karate.
Ahmad. Oh, yeah.
Luis. How long have you been doing that? About three years?
Ahmad. Actually, for nine years now.
Luis. Wow! That's impressive.

Grammar: Present perfect continuous

What have you been Doing lately?
I’ve been going to a pottery class.
I've been going to a pottery class is the present perfect continuous.
Use the present perfect continuous for an ongoing activity that started
before now and continues into the present.
I’ve been going to a pottery class. (= I started going to a pottery class in the past, and I still go to a
pottery class.)

Present perfect continuous statements are has / have + been + verb

+ -ing.

Now listen again.

What have you been doing lately?
I’ve been going to a pottery class.
What have you been doing lately? is a present perfect continuous
question.
Present perfect continuous questions are question word + has /
have + subject + been + verb + -ing.
Who has she been seeing?
She’s been seeing a guy from work.

Have you been traveling much lately?

AHave you been working hard recently?
BYeah. I've had a lot going on at work.

AHave you been seeing your family a lot recently?

BYeah. I mean, I see them on the weekends.

AHave you been getting any exercise recently?

BYeah. I've been working out a lot.

Have you been having fun in the evenings?

BYeah. We love the long, light evenings in summer. We've been riding / We have been riding our
bikes every night.

Grammar: Present perfect continuous versus present perfect.

Use the present perfect to show the results of an activity.

Use the present perfect continuous for ongoing or repeated activities.

Use the present perfect to show how many times an activity has
happened.

 Present perfect continuous vs. present perfect.

Use the present perfect to show the results of an activity or how many
times it has happened.
1. Carol has been seeing / has seen a guy she met at the coffee shop.
2. I think they have been going / have gone  out a couple of times.
3. I've been taking  / I've taken cooking classes on Thursdays.
4. So far, we've been making / we've made  soup and roast chicken.
5. After two months, I've finished  / I have been finishing that project at work.
6. I've only gone  / I have been going to the gym twice this week.

1. Carol ha estado saliendo / ha visto a un chico que conoció en la cafetería.

2. Creo que han salido / han salido un par de veces.
3. He estado tomando / he tomado clases de cocina los jueves.
4. Hasta ahora, hemos estado haciendo / hemos hecho sopa y pollo asado.
5. Después de dos meses, he terminado / he estado terminando ese proyecto en el trabajo.
6. Solo he ido / he ido al gimnasio dos veces esta semana.

A. Has Jacob finished his math homework?

B. No, he hasn't finished  it yet.

A. Why is Rina so late for work?

B. She’s been sitting in traffic for the past two hours.

A. How many paintings has Manuel finished?

B. He said he’s finished four new paintings.

A. You go running! How long have you been doing that for?
B. I’ve been running for about 3 years now.

A. How is your soccer team doing?

B. We haven’t won a game yet this season.

A. What has your brother been doing all day?

B. He’s been painting his bedroom, but it's still not finished.

1. BobSo, what have you been doing since I saw you last?
LoisWorking. That's pretty much it. I haven't been out in months. What about you?
BobSame here. I've been working late every night. Uh . . . do you have time to grab a bite to eat?
 
2. MayaI haven't seen you in ages! What have you been up to?
GailWell, you won't believe it, but I've been seeing a guy from work. We've gone out three or four
times now, so I guess it's getting serious.
 
3. WillWhat have you been up to recently? I haven't seen you at the gym.
DianeWell, I've been going to a pottery class since September.
WillPottery . . . really! So, what kind of things do you make?
DianeSo far I've made eight vases and two bowls. Here's something I just made.
 
4. LuisHey, good to see you. I see you're still doing karate.
AhmadOh, yeah.
LuisHow long have you been doing that? About three years?
AhmadActually, for nine years now.
LuisWow! That's impressive.
Present perfect continuous vs. present perfect.

- Use the present perfect continuous for an ongoing or repeated

activity that started before now and continues into the present.
- Use the present perfect to show the results of an activity or how
many times it has happened.
- Use since with points in time. Use for and in with periods of time,
but in onlyin negative statements.
Present perfect continuous vs. present perfect.
- Use the present perfect continuous for an ongoing or repeated
activity that started before now and continues into the present.
- Use the present perfect to show the results of an activity or how
many times it has happened.
Present perfect continuous Present perfect
What have you been doing lately? What things have you made so far?
I’ve been going to a pottery class I’ve made eight vases and two bowls.
Who has she been seeing? How many times have they gone out together?
She's been seeing a guy from work They've been out three or four times

Since, for, and in for duration.

Use since with points in time. Use for and in with periods of time, but
use in only in negative statements.
What have you been doing since I saw you last?
I've been going to a pottery class since September.
How long has he been doing karate?
He's been doing karate for nine years.
I haven't been out to eat in months.

The present perfect is about 10 times more frequent than the present
perfect continuous.
A. Have you been working a lot recently? I haven't seen you in / for ages.
B. Actually, yeah. I haven't taken / 've not taken one day off in / for weeks. So yeah, I haven't
gone / 've not gone / haven't been / 've not been out in / for ages. How about you?
What have you been doing?
A. Well, I 've been taking / have been taking a weight training class at the gym since May.

A. Have you been doing / done anything interesting lately?

B. Not really. I've been filling out / have been filling out college applications for the last month.

A. Yeah? How many colleges have you applied to?

B. Well, I've sent / have sent three applications, but I've not heard / haven't heard / have not
heard anything.

A. Have you and your friends been going / gone / been out a lot recently?

B. Actually, yeah. We've gone / have gone / 've been going / have been going / 've been / have
been to a few clubs lately. We've been having / have been having / 've had / have had fun.
A. How long have you been learning English?
B. Since I was in elementary school. I guess for 12 years now.

A. Wow. That's a long time. So, how long have you been coming to this class?
B. Since April.
Speaking naturally: Reduction of have.
What have you been doing for fun lately?
What've you been doing for fun lately?

The words What and have sound like one word.

What have you been doing for fun lately?
How many times have you gone out this month?
Where have you been hanging out?
How many times have you gone out this month?
Where have you been hanging out?
What have you been studying this semester?

I haven't really been doing anything special in my house lately. I’ve been studying for my
English class and working in accounting in a company. But I’ve been reading doing exercises
and reading. I haven't run much because of the current situation in the world, so when I started,
I couldn't run much, but I've been able to run a lot more in the last few weeks. I really enjoy
exercising again and it has helped me relax, be in better health and really strong.

cartoon characters – animated characters drawn by artists

costumes – clothes that actors wear
it's set in – it's where the movie takes place, or happens
plays – is a character in a film or a play
scary – frightening
 stunts – dangerous actions in a movie
 subtitled – with words in a different language on the screen.
aliens - Extraterrestres
tearjerker - Tearjerker
hilarious - Divertidísimas

it's about . . . –   The story is  . . .

fall in love – begin to love someone
fight scenes – a part of a movie where people try to hurt each other using their bodies or weapons
sad ending – the last part of the story is not happy
special effects – exciting images in a film that appear real but are created by artists and technical
experts, e.g. a flying UFO
takes place in – where the events in the movie happen
true story – a story based on real life or facts.
I cried at the end of the war movie. It had a very sad ending 

se trata de . . . – La historia es . . .
enamorarse – empezar a amar a alguien
escenas de lucha – una parte de una película donde la gente trata de lastimarse unos a otros usando sus
cuerpos o armas triste
final - la última parte de la historia no es feliz efectos especiales -
special effects - imágenes emocionantes en una película que parecen reales pero son creadas por artistas y
expertos técnicos, por ejemplo, un OVNI volador
tiene lugar en donde los eventos de la película suceden
historia verdadera - una historia basada en la vida real o hechos
Lloré al final de la película de guerra. Tuvo un final muy triste
Movie: Gravity
It's a science fiction movie.
It's set in outer space.
It takes place in a space station.
It has only two characters in it.
It's about two astronauts who are alone and lost in space.
Sandra Bullock is in it.
She plays a medical engineer left alone in space, but she manages to get back to earth.
I really enjoyed the movie. The special effects are amazing. It's a real tearjerker in places, and
it has both a sad and a happy ending.

Película: Gravity
Es una película de ciencia ficción.
Está ambientado en el espacio exterior.
Tiene lugar en una estación espacial.
Sólo tiene dos caracteres. Se trata de dos astronautas que están solos y perdidos en el espacio.
Sandra Bullock está en ella.
Interpreta a un ingeniero médico que se queda sola en el espacio, pero se las arregla para volver a la
tierra.
Realmente disfruté de la película.
Los efectos especiales son increíbles. Es una verdadera lágrima en algunos lugares, y tiene un final triste y
feliz.
1. A. I recently saw Star Ship. Have you seen it?
B. You know, I still   haven't seen that movie.
C. Actually, I haven't seen that movie yet either.
D. Yeah. I've already seen it.

Grammar: already, still, and yet with present perfect

Have you seen Funny Guy?. (= I just want to know if you’re seen the movie or not)

Have you seen Funny Guy yet? (= I imagine you’re planning to see it)

Use yet for things you plan to do.

Have you seen Funny Guy yet?

Use yet at the end of questions and in negative statements.

Have you seen Funny Guy yet?
No, I haven’t seen it yet. (= I haven’t seen it, but I plan to).

You can also say:

No, not yet.

Use already to say that you did something before now.

Have you seen Funny Guy yet?
Yes, I’ve already seen it. (= I saw it earlier).

You can use already after have or at the end of the sentence.

Have you seen Funny Guy yet?
Yes, I’ve already seen it. Or. Yes, I’ve seen it already.

Use still in negative statements to say you haven't done something,

but you want or plan to.
Have you seen Funny Guy yet?
No, I still haven’t seen it.
(= I’ve wanted to see it for weeks, but I haven’t yet).

Use still before haven't or hasn't.
Have you seen Funny Guy yet?
No, I still haven’t seen it.
Grammar: already, still, and yet with present perfect.
Have you seen Funny Guy yet?
Yes, I've already seen it.
Yes, I've seen it already.
No, I haven't seen it yet.
No, not yet.
No, I still haven't seen it.
Vocabulary notebook: Great movies.

Learning tip: Linking new words to your experiences.

When you learn a new word or expression, link it to something you

have recently seen or done.

An animated film -
I saw an animated film about robots. It takes place in the future. It´s pretty funny.
Vi una película animada sobre robots. Se lleva a cabo en el futuro. Es bastante gracioso.

People say movie 15 times more frequently than film.

Movie = 100%
Film = 15%
apply for a job –write to ask for a job.
a favor –something you do to help someone.
a reference –a written statement about your character and abilities from a professor or boss for a
new employer.
short notice –not a lot of time.

solicitar un trabajo –escribir para pedir un trabajo.

un favor –algo que haces para ayudar a alguien.
una referencia – una declaración escrita sobre su carácter y habilidades de un profesor o jefe para un nuevo
empleador.
aviso corto – no mucho tiempo.

Notice the expressions Jake uses to ask for a favor politely. These expressions are useful in formal situations or if
you are asking someone for a big favor.
I was wondering . . .
I was wondering if I / you could . . .
I wanted to . . .
Would it be all right / OK with you if I (picked it up / came back, etc.) . . . ?
Conversation strategy: Asking for a favor politely
I was wondering, … can I ask you something? – Sure.

The man says I was wondering to ask for a favor.

A favor = help.

He uses the past tense to make his question more polite.

I was wondering, can I ask you something.

You can use these expressions to ask for a favor politely, or in formal
situations.

I was wondering, can I ask you something.

I was wondering if I could ask you something
I was wondering if I could write a reference for me.

You can use these expressions to ask for a favor politely, or in formal
situations.
I wanted to ask you a favor, actually.
Would it be all right if I…?
Would it be OK (with you) if I…?

Use the past form of the verb after Would it be all right / OK with
you if I ... ?
Would it be all right if I brought it tomorrow?
Would it be OK with you if I picked it up next Monday?

Conversation strategy: Asking for a favor politely.

Use expressions like these in formal situations or to ask for a favor
politely.
 Would it be all right (with you) if I
I was wondering if you could
I was wondering if I could
Would it be OK (with you) if I
I wanted to
I was wondering if I could
¿Estaría bien (contigo) si yo?
Me preguntaba si tu pudieras.
Me preguntaba si podría.
¿Estaría bien (contigo) si yo?
Quería.
me preguntaba si podría

an extension – more time to do something

a letter of recommendation –a letter from someone you know who says you will be good at a job.

Strategy plus: All right, OK, So, Sure.

You can use All right, OK, and Sure to agree to requests, or to show

understanding.
Would it be all right if I brought it tomorrow? – All right.
Would it be all OK if I picked It up next Monday? – Ok Sure.
Well, I wanted to ask a favor, actually. – OK.

¿Estaría bien si lo trajera mañana? – Muy bien.

¿Estaría todo bien si lo recogiera el próximo lunes? – Ok Claro.
Bueno, quería pedirte un favor, en realidad. – OK.

You can use All right, OK, and So to move a conversation to a new

phase or topic.(phase = part).
Excuse me. I was wondering if I could ask you something.
Sure. Let me just finish up here.
All right. So, what can I do for you?

Here is another example of moving a conversation to a new phase or

topic.
¿So, was that all? All righ, well, see you tomorrow!

Strategy plus: All right, OK, So, Sure.

You can use All right, OK, and Sure to agree to requests, or to show

understanding.
All right, OK, So, Sure

People also respond with just Right to show they understand or agree.

You know that I’m going away on an exchange program for two weeks.
Right. I heard you’re going to Brazil.

an exchange program –a period when students and teachers from one country go to stay with
students and teachers in another.
a snake –a long, thin creature with no legs that slides along the ground.

un programa de intercambio – un período en el que los estudiantes y profesores de un país van a quedarse
con estudiantes y profesores en otro.
una serpiente –una criatura larga y delgada sin patas que se desliza a lo largo del suelo.
Verbs
run through. - ejecutar a través de .
catch up. - ponerse al día.
Leave. – Salir

Nouns
Signature. - firma
Report. – Reporte
Accounts Manager. - Administrador de cuentas.
Receipts. – Ingresos / recibos
Data. - Datos.
expense form - Formulario de regalos.

1. If you spend money for work, you need to fill out an expense form so you can get the money back.
2. You should also keep all the receipts for the money you spend so you can prove you spent it.
3. Your boss will need to sign the form, so you need to get his or her signature.
4. The form will then go to the Accounts Manager who can pay you back.
5. When you explain a new project to someone, you need to run through the main points.
6. When you are doing research for a project, you need to collect information or data.
7. Sometimes your boss may ask you to write a report to explain the progress of a project.
8. You may try to leave work early on Friday if you are going on a trip over the weekend.
9. If you are ill, you might miss a few classes. You should do extra work to catch up with the rest of your class.
1. Si gasta dinero en el trabajo, debe completar un formulario de gastos para poder recuperar el dinero.
2. También debe guardar todos los recibos del dinero que gasta para poder demostrar que lo gastó.
3. Su jefe deberá firmar el formulario, por lo que deberá obtener su firma.
4. El formulario se enviará al administrador de cuentas, quien podrá devolverle el dinero.
5. Cuando le explicas un nuevo proyecto a alguien, necesitas repasar los puntos principales.
6. Cuando esté investigando para un proyecto, debe recopilar información o datos.
7. A veces, su jefe puede pedirle que escriba un informe para explicar el progreso de un proyecto.
8. Puede intentar salir temprano del trabajo el viernes si se va de viaje durante el fin de semana.
9. Si está enfermo, puede perder algunas clases. Deberías hacer un trabajo extra para ponerte al día con el
resto de tu clase.

Listening and strategies: Favors at work

Listen again to four people ask their bosses for favors. Read the statements and correct
the underlined expressions using no more than two words.  

Peter wants to do some more research for the report.

Peter wants to do some more thinking about the report.

Peter's boss wants the report tomorrow. Yes

Peter's boss wants the report on Wednesday / by Wednesday / Wednesday.

Sandra has been on vacation this week. 

Sandra has been ill / sick / not well / unwell this week.

Sandra is due to give a presentation on Friday to some colleagues who are visiting.

Sandra is due to give a presentation on Friday to some studentswho are visiting.

Joel asked for the day off because he worked extra last Friday.
Joel asked for the day off because he worked extra last weekend.

Joel's boss says he should come to work as he has a presentation on Friday.

Joel's boss says he should come to work as he has a meeting on Friday.

Julia has an expense form after her last meeting.

Julia has an expense form after her last trip.

Julia says that the Accounts Manager needs the form by tomorrow.
Julia says that the Accounts Manager needs the form by today.

Reading: Avatar is magnificent, mesmerizing, and memorable!

Match the words with the definitions.  

minerals. - minerales.
a reign. - un reinado.
a desire. - un deseo.
a crisis. - una crisis.
a billion. - mil millones.
invented. - inventado.
mine. - mina.

Mine. get things like coal and copper out of the ground
Minerals. substances in the ground like iron or copper.
A billion. 1,000,000,000 or one thousand million.
A desire. a strong feeling you want something.
A reign. a period that someone or something is most important.
A crisis. a difficult or dangerous time or situation.
Invented. not real.

It’s an action movie, science fiction, and fantasy all in one – with, of course, some romance.  Avatar,
directed by James Cameron, is 162 minutes of thrilling entertainment. Millions of people saw the
movie worldwide on its opening weekend. It went on to win a string of awards and break box office
records, including the record for the highest-grossing film of all time with more than $2 billion in
sales, finally ending the 12-year reign of Titanic.
 
The story takes place in 2154 on the moon Pandora, where 10-foot tall, blue-skinned, human-like
creatures – the Na’vi – live in complete harmony with their environment. Pandora is rich in minerals,
and humans, who have an energy crisis on earth, have traveled to Pandora to conquer it and to
mine its minerals. Since humans cannot breathe in Pandora’s atmosphere, they use Na'vi-like
“avatars,” which they control. Sam Worthington gives an excellent performance as Jake Sully, who
becomes sympathetic to the Na’vi and their desire to protect their homeland. There is inevitably
conflict that ends in a violent war.  

The computer-generated special effects are stunning. The music is memorable, and the invented
Na’vi language is mesmerizing. All in all, it’s a movie that keeps you firmly glued to your seat.
 
I have already seen Avatar several times now – more recently in 3D. It’s one of those movies that
you could watch again and again. Sad, scary, exciting – I’m sure every viewer will find his or her
own way to describe the movie. If you haven’t seen it yet, I recommend it. At least then you’ll be
ready for the sequels. And I, for one, can’t wait.  
 
Reader’s comments:

Miki: I haven’t seen this movie yet, and I can’t comment on the acting or anything, but my friends
say it’s the best movie they’ve ever seen.

Jon: Although it sounds good, I’m not going to see this movie. I heard it’s violent in parts, and I don’t
like violent movies.

Sue-Ann: Even if you don’t like sci-fi movies, you’ll enjoy this one. I did!

Maribeth: I loved this movie, even though I cried all the way through.

Adjectives
thrilling
excellent
stunning
sad, scary, exciting
Help note: Contrasting ideas.
Contrasting ideas are ideas that don't seem to go together.
The story may seem like it´s for children.
Adults can really enjoy it too.

You can use although and even though to link ideas that don't seem

to go together.
The story may seem like it´s for children.
Adults can really enjoy it too.
Although the story may seem like it´s for children, adults can really enjoy it, too.

I don’t usually like musicals.

I loved this one.
Even though I don’t usually like musicals, I loved this one.

You can also link ideas with even if. Even if means "it doesn't matter
if."
You don’t like musicals.
You might enjoy this one.
Even if you don’t like musicals, you might enjoy this one.

Help note: Contrasting ideas.

You can use although and even though with two ideas that contrast
or don't seem to go together.
Although the story may seem like it's for children, adults can really enjoy it, too.
Even though I don't usually like musicals, I loved this one.
Even if you don't like musicals, you might enjoy this one.

Aunque la historia puede parecer que es para niños, los adultos también pueden disfrutarla.
Aunque no suelo gustarme a los musicales, me encantaba éste.
Incluso si no te gustan los musicales, es posible que disfrutes de éste.

1. Even though / Although I don’t usually like circuses, I really enjoyed the Cirque du Soleil
show.
2. Even if you’re not a fan of theatrical music, you’ll enjoy the music in Cirque du Soleil.
3. Even though / Although the show is for adults, children will find it entertaining, too.
4. Even though / Although I don’t usually watch horror movies, this was a really good one!
5. Even though / Although most of the movie was magnificent, some of the scenes were too
violent.
6. Even if you didn’t like the original version of the movie, you might like the new version.
Although it’s a new movie, "Always by your side", it’s a movie worth watching, released in 2019 is really
good. A faithful dog named Hachiko accompanies his master to the train station every morning and
returns every afternoon to greet him after work. However, this routine is broken by a misfortune. Even if
you are not a fan of comedy movies, you will enjoy it. However, I recommend seeing it, I really like it.
Although the story may appear to be for adults, children can see it too.

Present perfect continuous vs. present perfect

Use the present perfect continuous for an ongoing or repeated activity that started before now and
continues into the present.
Present perfect continuous questions
Use (question word +) has / have + subject + been + verb + -ing 
What have you been doing lately?
Have you been taking any classes?
(lately = in the past and up until now)
Present perfect continuous statements
Use has / have + been + verb + -ing 
I've been going to a pottery class.
(= I started going to a pottery class in the past, and I still go to a pottery class.)
Use the present perfect to show the results of an activity or how many times it has happened.

Remember, use (question word +)  have + subject + past participle for present perfect questions;
use subject +  have + past participle for present perfect statements:
A  What things have you made so far?
B I've made eight vases and two bowls.

He's been doing karate for nine years.

I haven't been out to eat in months.
Since, for, and in  for duration
Use since with points in time: Utilice since con puntos en el tiempo:
I've been going to a pottery class since September.
What have you been doing since I saw you last?

Use for and in with periods of time, but use in only in negative statements:

Utilice fo y in con períodos de tiempo, pero utilícelo solo en estados de cuenta negativos:

You have a friend who has been taking Spanish lessons. You ask:
AHow long have you been studying Spanish?
BI've been studying Spanish for seven months.
AHow many words have you learned?
BI've learned about 250 words.
You meet a famous baseball player. You ask:
AHow long have you been playing baseball? / How long have you played baseball?
BI've been playing baseball for 18 years. / I've played baseball for 18 years / I've been
playing for 18 years. / I've played for 18 years.
AHow many games have you won this season?
BI've won 12 out of 15 games. / We've won 12 out of 15 games.

Conoces a un famoso jugador de béisbol. Preguntas:

A. ¿Cuánto tiempo llevas jugando béisbol? / ¿Cuánto tiempo llevas jugando béisbol?
B. He estado jugando béisbol durante 18 años. / He jugado béisbol durante 18 años / He estado
jugando durante 18 años. / He jugado durante 18 años.
A. ¿Cuántos juegos has ganado esta temporada?
B. He ganado 12 de 15 juegos. / Hemos ganado 12 de 15 juegos.
What’ve you been doing before work recently? I've been going to a dance class. I'm honestly enjoying it.
How many times have you gone to play soccer this year? I’ve not gone for the pandemic. Who’ve you
been talking to lately? I've been with a friend a lot. We’ve a lot in common. How many times have you
eaten outside the home? I've only eaten about three times. I really haven’t been out very often because
the contagion of the pandemic is very dangerous. Have you been studying a lot lately? Really if. I’ve
been studying English, to finish my professional career. How many phone calls have you made this
week? I’ve done very few, I just call my family. How many times have you fallen asleep in the living room
this week? I’ve fallen asleep watching the champions league. What’ve you been thinking about just for
the last week? I've been thinking about continuing to build my house. How many books have you read
this month? I’ve only read two books. I really want to grow in reading. Have you been exercising lately?
Yes, I’ve gone out jogging and playing soccer. It’s fabulous to go for a run, I’ve felt very good.

Types of movies
3D movie
action movie
animated film
comedy
fantasy
horror movie
love story
musical
romantic comedy
science-fiction (sci-fi) movie
tearjerker
thriller
true story
war movie

costumes. - disfraces.
endings. - finales.
hilarious. - divertidísimo.
love story. - historia de amor.
play. - tocar.
set in. - establecer en.
stunts. - acrobacias.
subtitled. - subtitulado.
already, still, and yet with present perfect
You can use yet at the end of questions and negative statements for things that are expected:
Puede utilizar todavía al final de las preguntas y estados negativos para las cosas que se esperan:

A  Have you seen Funny Guy yet?

(= I imagine you're planning to see it.)
B  No, I haven't seen it yet. / No, not yet.
(= I haven't seen it, but I plan to.)

You can use already to say that you did something before now. You can use already after have or at
the end of affirmative statements:
Ya puedes decir que hiciste algo antes. Puede utilizar ya después de tener o al final de las declaraciones
afirmativas:

A  Have you seen Funny Guy yet?

B  Yes, I've already seen it. / Yes, I've seen it already.
(= I saw it earlier.)

You can use still in statements to say something is ongoing. In negative statements you can
use still for something you haven’t done, but you want to plan to do. 
Use still before haven't or hasn't:
Puede usar todavía en las declaraciones para decir que algo está en curso. En las declaraciones negativas
puede usar todavía para algo que no ha hecho, pero desea planear do.  Usar todavía antes no ha o no ha:

A  Have you seen Funny Guy yet?

B  No, I still haven't seen it.
(= I've wanted to see it for weeks, but I haven't yet.)
You can use these expressions to ask for a favor politely. They are useful in formal situations or if
you are asking someone a big favor:
Puede utilizar estas expresiones para pedir un favor educadamente. Son útiles en situaciones formales o si le
estás pidiendo a alguien un gran favor:
I was wondering, . . .
I was wondering, could you write a reference for me?
I was wondering if I / you could . . .
I was wondering if I could ask you something.
I wanted to . . .
Well, I wanted to ask a favor, actually.
Would it be all right / OK with you if I . . . ?
Would it be OK with you if I picked it up next Monday?

I wanted to ask you if Ally could stay here

I was wondering if I could borrow your car to pick Ally up at the airport.
I was wondering, do you want to go sightseeing with us Saturday?
Would it be all right if I organized a party here Saturday night?
Would it be OK with you if I used your computer to check Ally's return flight online?
All right, OK, So, Sure
You can use All right, OK, and Sure to agree to requests:
Puede utilizar Todo bien, Aceptar, y Seguro para aceptar las solicitudes:

A  I was wondering if I could ask you something.

B  Sure.

You can use All right, OK, and So to move a conversation to a new phase or topic:
Puede usar Todo bien, Aceptary Así para mover una conversación a una nueva fase o tema:

All right. So what can I do for you?

You can use Right to show you agree or understand:

Puede utilizar Derecho para mostrar que está de acuerdo o comprender:

A  I'd like you to work on those sales figures today.

B  Right. You need them for your presentation.

moving the conversation along. - moviendo la conversación a lo largo de.

Agreeing. - De acuerdo.
showing understanding. - mostrando comprensión.
Agreeing – acuerdo
Don't try and understand everything. Just skim the text to find the items you are looking for.
No trates de entenderlo todo. Simplemente desnatada del texto para encontrar los artículos que estás
buscando.

THINGS TO KEEP YOU BUSY ON WEEKENDS

1. MOVIE EFFECTIVE
With Movie Effective, you can add special effects to your videos. Simply record a video with your
smartphone camera. Then add exciting effects — just like they do in the movies. The app comes with
two effects — lightning and slow motion — but you can also buy others, like sound effects. Even though
I don't usually shoot or share videos personally, I found this to be a lot of fun. So, be careful — it's
addictive, and you may get totally hooked!

 
ACCUSED
I really enjoyed playing this game. It combines a science fiction setting with great action. You are a
character who is wrongly accused of a crime. You have to find out who the real criminal is and get
justice. Your choices determine the storyline. The action is fast-moving and there are some sad
moments, so if you're very sensitive, this may not be the video game for you. However, the amazing
setting and the ability to create your own story make this a great game for most players.
 

3. RECORDYOURRUN
If you are serious about running, hiking, biking, or even skiing, and have been wondering how to
keep track of your progress, this phone app is the answer. It records your pace, distance, and time,
and you can save your results and compare different exercise sessions. You can set goals for each
time you go out and share your progress with friends. There's also a feature that lets your friends
and family follow your progress in a race on a map. This app is the perfect way to mix technology
and exercise.
 

4. FRETENDS
Fret Ends has a fabulous Web app that will teach you how to play the guitar. You can choose to play
a real guitar or a virtual one. There are eight levels of play. If you start at the beginner level, you will
learn to play "Brown Eyed Girl." You need to let the app access the microphone on your computer
so it can "hear" you play. Each song is broken down into small parts. After you've learned one part,
you can move on. This app is great for everyone, whether you've never played or even if you've
been playing for years.
Contrasting ideas
Contrasting ideas are ideas that don't seem to go together.
You can use although and even though to link ideas that contrast or don't seem to go together:
Although the story may seem like it's for children, adults can really enjoy it, too.
Even though I don't usually like musicals, I really enjoyed The Lion King.
You can also link ideas with even if. Even if means "it doesn't matter if":
Even if you find theater tickets a little expensive these days, it's really worth going to this show.
Ideas contrastantes
Las ideas contrastantes son ideas que no parecen ir juntas.
Puedes usar, aunque y aunque para vincular ideas que contrastan o no parecen ir juntas:
Aunque la historia puede parecer que es para niños, los adultos también pueden disfrutarla.
Aunque no suelo gustarme musicales, realmente disfruté de The Lion King.
También puede vincular ideas con incluso si. Incluso si significa "no importa si":
Incluso si encuentras entradas de teatro un poco caras en estos días, realmente vale la pena ir a este
espectáculo.
ToddThanks, I will. But wait, won't I see you tomorrow?
PaulaNo, I'll be out of the office for the rest of the week. I'm going to take a short vacation. I
haven't taken a vacation since last July.
ToddOh, OK. That's good.
PaulaActually, I was wondering if you could finish this presentation for me for Monday. I've
been working on it all day, but I haven't been able to finish it yet.
ToddOh, um . . . all right. Sure.
PaulaOh, and I still haven't made copies of these reports. . . .
ToddOK, I can do that.
PaulaGreat. And just one more thing, . . . I was wondering if you could read these surveys. I
need a report on them by Monday, too.
ToddAll right. Um, would it be OK if I asked your assistant for help?
PaulaOh, sorry. She's taking her vacation this week, too – while I'm off. All right. Time for a
cup of coffee. Do you want some?
ToddNo, thanks. I don't really have time.
PaulaOK, well, I'm glad you stopped by. Have a good weekend.
ToddUm, thanks. See you Monday.