1. An obligation with a period is one whose effects or 9.
A creditor can recover damages when the obligor
consequences are subjected in one way or another to
the commencement or beginning of said period or
term. EXPIRATION OR ARRIVAL
2. A period and condition distinguished that as to
fulfilment a period refers only to the future while a
condition may refer also to a past event unknown to
the parties;
A period is certain vent which must happen sooner or later at
a date known beforehand, or at a time which cannot be
determined, while a condition is an uncertain event.
3. There are 2 kinds or period or term. 3
4. Definite period is when it is not fixed or it is not
known when it will come. INDEFINITE PERIOD
5. Legal period is when it is provided for by laws;
TRUE
6. Legal period is ‘year’ shall be understood to be
twelve calendar months; TRUE
7. There are 5 instances in article 1198 TRUE
8. The debtor shall lose every right to make use of the
period when the debtor attempts to abscond. TRUE
9. Suspensive period is the obligation that begins only
from a day certain upon the arrival of the period.
TRUE
10. Article 1195 applies not only to obligation to give.
ONLY
I. ENUMERATION (1POINT EACH)
1. According to source (3POINTS)
2. According to definiteness (2POINTS)
3. According to effect (2POINTS)
4. 2 cases under Art. 1197 (2POINTS)
5. Kinds of period or term (1POINT)
1. Legal period, conventional or voluntary period,
judicial period
2. Definite period, indefinite period
3. Suspensive period, resolutary period
4. No period is fixed but a period was intended,
duration of the period depends upon the will of the
debtor
5. According to effect, according to source, according
to definiteness
1. Ideal or Intellectual division is the one which exists
only in the minds of the parties. True
2. Conventional Indivisibility - where specific provision
of law declares as indivisible, obligation by nature are
divisible. False
3. Quantitative division is based on quantity rather than
quality. True
4. Divisible Obligation is one the object of which, in its
delivery or performance, is not capable of partial
fulfilment. FALSE
5. An example of legal indivisibility is to give a
particular car to someone. FALSE
6. Is an accessory obligation, an obligation that can
stand by itself and does not depend for its validity and
existence upon another obligation? FALSE
7. A condition does not constitute obligation and is
never demandable. TRUE
8. One purpose of Penal Clause is to not ensure
performance by creating an effective deterrent against
breach. FALSE
refuses to pay the penalty. TRUE
10. In this given example: X promise to give Y a horse.
Is this a type of Principal Obligation? TRUE
11. The creditor can demmand both the fulfillment of the
obligation and the payment of the penalty. FALSE
12. 2. The debtor cannot exempt himself from the
performance of the obligation by paying the penalty.
TRUE
13. When there is a partial or irregular performance the
penalty may be reduced by the court? TRUE
14. When the penalty agreed upon is iniquitous or
unconscionable the penalty may be reduced by the court?
TRUE
15. If the principal obligation is void, the penal clause is
not yet void? FALSE
16. If only the penal clause is void, the principal
obligation remains valid and demandable? TRUE
17. An obligation is presumed indivisible where the only
one creditor. ANSWER: TRUE
18. An example of natural indivisibility is to give a
particular car. ANSWER: TRUE
19. Accessory is one of which attached to a principal
obligation and therefore, can stand alone. ANSWER:
FALSE
20.Subsidiary or alternative penal clause is when only the
penalty cannot be enforced. ANSWER: FALSE
In joint obligation the debtor is liable only for a
proportionate part of the debt and each creditor is entitled
only to a proportionate part of the credit. - TRUE
2. In solidary obligations each debtor is liable for the
entire obligation, and each creditor may enforce the entire
obligation. - TRUE
3. When there are two or more debtors or two or more
creditors, the obligation is Joint, unless the nature of the
obligation requires liability to be solidary. - TRUE
4. When there several debtors or creditors but the
prestation is indivisible, the obligation is solidarity even if
it’s not stipulated. - FALSE
5. Indivisibilty give rise to solidarity. - FALSE
6. The consent of other creditors is not necessary if a
solidary creditor assigned his rights to a co-creditor. -
TRUE
7. There may be solidarity even though the creditors and
debtors are not allowed in the same manner and by the
same periods and conditions - TRUE
8. Each one of the solidarity creditors may act whatever
may be beneficial and harmful to other creditors. -
FALSE
9. If one of the solidary debtors pays in full, the obligation
will not extinguish. - FALSE
10. The payer can demand a reimburse with interest to
his co-debtors once the obligation has been extinguish
after the said date. - TRUE
11. The payer is not entitled for reimbursement once the
obligation is illegal. - TRUE
12. Creditor is completely a stranger to solidary debtors. -
TRUE
13. One of the solidary debtors obtained a remission of
the obligation, it does not entitle him to reimbursement
from his co-debtors. FALSE
 14. Any of the solidary debtors shall be responsible, if any
one of them was at fault, for the price and payment of
damages and interest. - FALSE
15. The creditor cannot recover damages from the
solidary debtors if the loss is without fault but after delay.
- FALSE
16. Example of "defenced derived from the nature of the
obligation." is res judicata. - TRUE
17. According to article 1214 the debtor should pay the
creditor that made a demand. - TRUE
18. Novation, compensation and confusion are the only
modes or causes of extinguishment of obligations. -
FALSE
19. Under Article 1216, the choice is left to solidary
creditor to determine against when he will enforce
collection. - TRUE
20. The debtor may not pay any one of the solidary
creditors if there's no demand from any creditors. -
FALSE
1. Kinds of obligation according to object where there is
only one (1) prestation is
a. Simple Obligation
2. It is where only one prestation is due but the debtor may
substitute another
c.Facultative Obligation
which are impossible, unlawful or which could not
have been the object of the obligation. FALSE
2. Facultative obligation is where several prestations are
due but the debtor may substitute another. FALSE
3. Once the notice of the election has been given to the
creditor, the obligation ceases to be alternative and
becomes simple. TRUE
4. The burden of proving that such communication has
been made is upon him who made the choice. TRUE
5. If the debtor cannot make a choice according to the
terms of the obligation, the debtor has no right to
rescind the contract with damages. FALSE
6. The creditor shall have a right to indemnity for
damages when, through the fault of the debtor, all of
things which are alternatively the object of the
obligation have been lost. TRUE
7. The debtor is not liable if some of the object of the
obligation have been lost or have become impossible
even through the fault of the debtor. TRUE
8. The creditor has a right to have indemnity for
damages if all of the objects have been lost or have
become impossible. FALSE
9. In alternative obligations, the right of choice belongs
to the debtor. TRUE
10. Compound obligation is where there are two (2) or
more prestations. TRUE

3. One where there are two (2) or more prestations

d. Compound Obligation

4. It is wherein various prestations are due but the

performance of one of them is sufficient as determined by
the choice which, as a general rule, belongs to the debtor.
b. Alternative Obligation

5. It is where are several prestations and all of them are due

a. Conjunctive ObligationIt is where two (2) or more of the
prestations is due

c. Distributive Obligation

6. An obligation wherein there is only one prestation has

been agreed upon but the obligor may render another in
substitution
c.Facultative Obligation

7. In general rule, who has the right to choose the prestation?

a. Debtor
8. Which of the following are kinds of obligation according
to object?

1. Simple Obligation 2. Compound Obligation 3.

Facultative Obligation 4.Alternative Obligation

b. 1 and 2

9. Which of the following are kinds of compound obligation

1. Conjunctive Obligation 2.Simple Obligation

3. Alternative Obligation 4.Distributive Obligation

a. 1 and 4

1. The debtor shall have right to choose prestations