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MATH140
Exercise 2.1

1. Given: Q = { (1,a), (2,b), (7,m), (3,h) }

R = { (b,7), (a,0), (b,-2), (m, 1), (m,9) }
Find
a) RQ = {(2,7), (1,0), (2,2), (7,1), (7,9)}

b) QR = {(m,a), (b,m)}

2. Suppose S is defined from R to R by xSy iff y = (x + 3)/2. What is the inverse S-1 ?

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3. Write YES if the given ordered pair (x,y) is an element of relation R on the set of all integers,
otherwise, write NO. Explain your answer.
a) (-2,-3) ; R = {xy ≥ 1}

Yes, since the product of both negative integer numbers will always be a positive
integer. Thus, the ordered pair is an element of relation R.

b) (9,11) ; R = {(x + y)mod 4 is an even integer}

Yes, 9 + 11 = 16. 16 is divisible by 4. Thus, the answer would be an even integer number which
is equal to 4.
 c) (1/2, ¼) ; R = {x ≥ y2}
Yes, since when we square 1/2, it would be equal to 1/4. Thus, the ordered pair is an
element of relation R.

4. Determine whether the relation R on the set of all integers is reflexive, symmetric,
antisymmetric, and/or transitive, where (x, y) ∈ R given the following. Explain your answer.
a. xy ≥ 1
Symmetric, because if xy>=1, then yx=xy>=1(commutative property of multiplication)
It is also considered transitive, because if xy>=1 and if yz>=1, then x and y are nonzero
integers of the same sign, and y and z are nonzero integers of the same sign. Then x and z are
nonzero integers of the same sign and this xz>=1.

b. x + y is an even integer
Symmetric, because if x+y=2k, then y+x=2k where k is an integer.

c. x ≥ y2
Antisymmetric because if x>=y^2 and y>=x^2, then x>=y^2=(x^2)^2 =x^4 and x>=x^4 is
only true if x=0 or x=1. When x=0. Then y=0 also. When x=1, then 1>=y^2>=1, thus y^2=1 and
thus also y=1 (as y>=x^2). It is also considered transitive because if x>=y^2 an if y>=z^2, then
x>=y^2>=y>=z^2.

6. R = {(x,y)|x is taller than y} on the set of all people. Determine whether R is reflexive,
symmetric, antisymmetric and/or transitive. Justify your answer.
The relation R is antisymmetric because y>x is not possible. The relation R is also transitive,
because if x>y and if y>z, then x>y>z.