a. Structure and Contents The Constitution contains a preamble and eighteen self-contained articles with a section numbering that resets for every article Preamble The preamble introduces the constitution and the source of sovereignty, the people. It follows the pattern in past constitutions, including an appeal to God. article |- National Territory The national territory comprises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters embraced therein, and all other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial, and aerial domains, including its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other submarine areas. The waters around, between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breadth and dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the Philippines. Article ll — Declaration of Principles and State Policies Article Il lays out the basic social and political creed of the Philippines, particularly the implementation of the constitution and sets forth the objectives of the government. Article Il ~ Bill of Rights Article III enumerates specific protections against the abuse of state power, most of which are similar to the provisions of the U.S. Constitution. Similar to USS. jurisprudence and other common law jurisdictions, the scope and limitations of these rights have largely been determined by the Supreme Court through case law. Article IV - Citizenship Article IV defines the citizenship of Filipinos. It enumerates two kinds of citizens: natural-born citizens and naturalized citizens. Natural-born citizens are those who are Gitizens from birth without having to perform any act to acquire or perfect Philippine tizenship. The Philippines follows a jus sanguinis system where citizenship is mainly acquired through a blood relationship with Filipino citizens. Natural-bom citizenship forms an important part of the political system as only natural-born Filipinos are eligible to hold high offices, including all elective offices beginning with a representative in the House of Representatives up to the President. Article V - Suffrage Article V mandates various age and residence qualifications to vote and a system of secret ballots and absentee voting. It also mandates a procedure for overseas a! disabled and illiterate Filipinos to vote. Article Vi - Legislative Department Article VI provides for a bicameral legislature called the Congress composed the Senate and the House of Representatives. It vests upon Congress, among others,power of investigation and inquiry in aid of legislation, the power to declare the existence of a state of war, the power of the purse, the power of taxation, and the power of eminent domain. Article Vil — Executive Department Article VII provides for a presidential form of government where the executive power is vested on the President. It provides for the qualification, terms of office, election, and power and functions of the President. It also provides for a Vice President and for the presidential line of succession. Article Vill — Judicial Department Article VIII vests the judicial power upon the Supreme Court and other lower courts as may be established by law (by Congress). While the power to appoint justices and judges still reside with the President, the President may only appoint nominees pre- selected by the Judicial and Bar Council, a body composed of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the Secretary of Justice, the Chairs of the Senate and House Committees on Justice, and representatives from the legal profession. Article 1X - Constitutional Commissions Article IX establishes three constitutional commissions; the Civil Service Commission, the Commission on Elections, and the Commission on Audit. Article X - Local Government Article X pursues for local autonomy and mandates Congress to enact a law for the local government, now currently the Local Government Code. Article XI — Accountability of Public Officers Article XI establishes the Office of the Ombudsman which is responsible for investigating and prosecuting government officials. It also vests upon the Congress the power to impeach the President, the Vice President, members of the Supreme Court, and the Ombudsman. Article XII - National Economy and Patrimony Article Xill - Social Justice and Human Rights Article XIV ~ Education, Science and Technology, Arts, Culture and Sports Article XV - The Family Article XVI - General Provisions Article XVII —- Amendments or Revisions Article XVIII ~ Transitory Provisions