UNIT IV

URBAN CONSERVATION

SRIRANGAM
HISTORICREINTERPRETATIONANDCONSERVATION

HISTORICREINTERPRETATIONANDCONSERVATIONOFSRIRANGAMTOWN

Introduction:
The historic urban areas evolved through processes of ancient town planning and cultural exchanges,
leading to a townscape, that is in many situations visually attractive, ecologically sustainable and
culturally, historically identifiable.

While these distinctive historic urban areas are important to the overall quality of our communities, the
views and visual relationships between historic townscapes and people are often destroyed during rapid
change, especially in developing urban settings.
In India, traditional cities are developed around a historic core, where the core area is called
aswalledcityorinnercity. The typical plan of the inner cities puts the temple at the center, the markets
immediately adjacent.The seatof government / palace is seldom at the center, and is usually on
theoutskirts. Borderingthese public areas are the residential districts. Some of theseancient citieshave
well defined boundary orsetting.

In historical south Indian citieslike Madurai, Trichy,Srirangam, Thanjavur,

Chidambaram,Kumbakonametc. the temple dominates the plan at the center.

These sacred monumentswere constructedin such a position that they would dominate the
surroundingarea, providinga focal point for the town or city. Today there is a threat tothis viewscape, the
urban development which is happening in the immediate settingof thetemple is obscuring the visual
dominance, importance or itsaesthetic contributiononce thesemonuments had to the townscape.

Srirangam, whose "temple-city" ofSriRanganathaswamicomprisesno less than seven enclosures and 21

"gopura".Constructionof this monumental edifice betweentwo riversnear Tiruchinapalli (Madras State)
probablybegan inthe 10th century.

Today its structure andsculptures showsigns of serious wear andweathering. Atthe request of the Indian
Government, UNESCOhas made an on-the-spot investigation of the problemsof renovatingand
conserving the Srirangam temple.

SRIRANGAM: One of the largest in India (its outer wall is four miles in circumference), it is perhaps
the most representative of theVijayanagar dynastyarchitectural style (1350-1565)

History and planning system of Srirangam:

Srirangam was born as a small temple complex in the 1st Century B.C...But as its reverence and
importance grew.It developed as a well-known temple town....and further on developed to become a
major node of Hindu culture, history, art, literature, politics, and education. With this continuous
progression of Srirangam under the constant guidance of kings and governments, Srirangam outgrew its
significance as a temple complex and boomed as a premier urban center in South India.

The Arts, Literature, Poetry, Education, Vedic Learning, Hindu (particularly Vaishnava) philosophy
reached great heights and became the very pillars of reverence that today Srirangam stands on.
The planning of Srirangam - focused predominantly on religion and Hindu culture and philosophy,
developed as a series of concentric spaces, designed with strong religious and social hierarchy, based on
the liturgical Parameswara texts which describes planning principles on the seven sacred circles (the
sapta prakara ksetra).

History and planning system of Srirangam:

This discipline of hierarchy can be still observed today in present day Srirangam....which unlike
most historical centers in India……continues to grow and be supported the central Temple Complex.

The fortified temple town of Srirangam, today, is only a fractal......a minuscule dot among a million
other dots....!!Today, Srirangam has grown way beyond the enclosures into a sprawling urban core.
Though the temple still certifies its importance as a cardinal point in the development of Srirangam, I
see that it has diminished in stature and glory, not because of anything but our own persistence on
wanting to leave history behind.

THE SETTLEMENT PATTERN OF SRIRANGAM

The planning of the Agraharams followed a grid iron or concentric ring patterns, with the temple
forming the main focus.
The row of houses is either single or double storied, with the traditional pitched roof form
striking a significant profile against the sky. The streets were narrow and formed an integral extension of
the ‘living space’.
The linear settlement pattern culminated at a temple or was arranged around the temple in
various concentric rings, as seen in the great south Indian temple towns. Water bodies were always seen
it the vicinity of these settlements as the Vedic life recommended both spiritual and physical purity.
The evolution of this particular architectural typology may also speak about the social position of
the Brahmin community

THE SETTLEMENT PATTERN OF SRIRANGAM

Indian temples are one of the best places to study transition spaces. If we read the temple plan we
will arrive at the hierarchy of transition spaces. The very first transition happens when we enter in the
temple through giant Gopuram. Then we come to Sabhamandapa that is connected to Mandapa through
a colonnade acting as a transition space. Then the Antaralaya between the Mandapa and Garbhgriha
stands as another transition space. Garbhgriha is again protected by Pradakshina path one more form of
transition space.
There is hierarchy of transition spaces here. This transition is not only a physical transition but also a
psychological transition required to enter in a god’s abode.
A person entering into a temple mentally gets prepared for his actual confrontation to almighty. He can’t
directly enter to Garbhagriha as he cannot achieve that level of devotion required to enter in a shrine. He
develops it slowly through transcendental travelling of his own self. Based on this concept srirangam
temple was created

AncientMonumentsandArchaeologicalSitesandRemainsAc t –
2010(AMASR act)
(SalientFeatures)

1. TheAncientMonumentsandArchaeologicalSitesandRemains(Amendmentand
Validation)Act,2010hereinafterreferredtoastheAmendmentActhasbeenenactedto
amendtheAncientmonumentsandArchaeologicalSitesandRemainsAct,1958andto
makeprovisionforvalidationofcertainactionstakenbytheCentralGovernmentunder the saidAct.
2. Thelimitsofprohibitedareaandregulatedareaaroundthemonuments,archaeological
sitesandremainsdeclaredbytheCentralGovernmentasprotectedhavebeenspecified
intheprincipalActas100mand200m,respectively.Thelimitssofixedmaybefurther
extendedonthebasisofgradationandclassificationofthemonuments,archaeological
sitesandremainstobedonebytheNationalMonumentAuthority,whichistobe constituted by the Central
Government by virtue of theAmendment in the principalAct.
3. TheAuthorityshallhaveafulltimeChairpersonandfivefulltimeandfivepart-time
membershavingprovenexperienceandexpertisefromthefieldsofarchaeology,town
andcountryplanning,architecture,heritage,conservationarchitectureorlawwithatenure of three years.
4.
Henceforth,nopermissionforconstructionofanypublicprojectsoranyothernatureshallbegran
tedintheprohibitedareasoftheprotectedmonumentandprotectedarea.However,
permissionforrepairandrenovationcouldbegrantedbythe Competent
Authority,tobespecifiedbytheCentralGovernment,ontherecommendation
oftheNationalMonumentAuthority,subjecttoconditionthatthebuildingorstructureis pre-
1992orpermissionforconstructionorreconstructionofsuchbuildingorstructurehad been granted by
theArchaeological Survey of India.
5. TheAmendmentActdefines‘construction’ whichmeansanyerectionofastructureora
building,includinganyadditionorextensiontheretoeitherverticallyorhorizontally,but doesnotinclude,anyre-
construction,repairandrenovationofanyexistingstructureor
building,orconstruction,maintenanceandcleansingofdrainsanddrainageworksandof public latrines,
urinalsand similarconveniences, or theconstruction andmaintenance of works meantfor providingsupply
ofwaterfor public,or theconstructionor maintenance,
extension,managementforsupplyanddistributionofelectricitytothepublic;orprovision for similar faculties
for publicity.[Section2(dc)]
Similarly,‘reconstruction’hasalsobeendefinedasanyerectionofastructureorbuilding to its pre-existing
structure, having the same horizontal or vertical limits. [Section2(k)]
Toavoidanyambiguityininterpretation,theActhasdefinedtheterm‘repair’and
‘renovation’whichmeansalterationtoapre-existingstructureorbuilding,butshallnot include
‘construction’or ‘reconstruction’. [Section2(m)]

6.ThereisalsoaprovisionintheActtofurtherextendtheprohibitedareabeyond100metershavingregardtothe
classificationofanyprotectedmonumentorprotectedarea
ontherecommendationof‘NationalMonumentAuthority’bytheCentralGovernment.
[Section2(ha)and20A]
Withthisdefinition,theprohibitedareahasextentnotonlyhorizontallybutalsoverticallyandcoverseven
belowthesurface.
7. Theregulatedarea,accordingtothe Amendment Actmeanseveryarea,beginningatthe
limitofprohibitedareainrespectofeveryancientmonumentandarchaeologicalsiteand
remains,extendingtoadistanceof200hundredmetersinalldirections.This200metersregulatedareacouldfur
therbeextendedhavingregardtotheclassificationofany
protectedmonumentorprotectedareaontherecommendationof‘NationalMonument Authority’by the
Central Government. [Section2(I)and20B]
Withthisdefinition,theregulatedareahasextentnotonlyhorizontallybutalsoverticallyandcoverseven
belowthesurface.
8. TheActprovidesforundertakingsurveyofallprohibitedareasandregulatedareasby
theASIforthepurposeofpreparingdetailedsiteplanswithinatimelimittobespecified
bytheCentralGovernment.ResponsibilityhasalsobeengiventotheASItoidentifyall
constructionofwhatevernaturemadeonandafter16thJune,1992inallprohibitedand
regulatedareasandtosubmitareportfromtimetotimetotheCentralGovernment.TheASIhasbeengivenauthor
ityundertheActtocallforinformationfromthelocalbodiesandotherauthorities.
9.TheAmendmentActprovidesthatnoneotherthananarchaeologicalofficercancarryoutanyconstruct
ioninanyprohibitedarea.Thisprovisionmeansthatno construction activitycan betakenup intheprohibited
areasofthe protectedmonuments
andprotectedareas.Theauthorityforundertakingconstructionactivitiesintheprohibited
areahasbeengiventothearchaeologicalofficerkeepinginviewtherequirementsto
enhancethevisitorsexperience,whichmayrequireerectionofstructuresliketoilets,
sculptureshed,museum,interpretationscentre,publicationcounter,ticketbookoffice, water kiosk, small
cafeteria, etc.
10.TheActprovidesthatnopermission,includingcarryingoutanypublicworkorproject
essentialtothepublicorotherconstructions,shallbegrantedinanyprohibitedareaon
andafterthedateonwhichthe AncientMonumentsand ArchaeologicalSitesandRemains
(AmendmentandValidation) Act2010comesintoforce.Aftertheenforcementofthe Act,
2010,publicworkorprojectessentialtothepublicorotherconstructionscannotbecarried
outintheprohibitedarea.Thisprovision,however,doesnotincludecleansingofdrains
anddrainageworksandofpubliclatrines,urinalsandsimilarconveniences,or,the
constructionandmaintenanceofworksmeantforprovidingforsupplyofwaterforpublic,
ortheconstructionorthemaintenance,extension,managementforsupplyanddistribution
ofelectricitytothepublicorprovisionforsimilarfacilitiesforpublic[Section2(I)and20B].Thisprovisionhasb
arredallconstructionactivitiesintheprohibitedareatobetakenupbyallpublicbodiesevenifthepurposeis
relatedtopublicworksorprojectessentialtothepublic.Thereisnoprovisionforgrantofanyrelaxationinthi
sregardbyanyauthority.
11.Anyperson,whoownsanybuildingorstructure,whichexistedinaprohibitedareabefore
the16thdayofJune,1992,or,whichhadbeensubsequentlyconstructedwiththeapproval
ofDirectorGeneralanddesirestocarryoutanyrepairorrenovationofsuchbuildingor
structure,maymakeanapplicationtotheCompetent Authorityforcarryingoutsuchrepair or renovation, as the
case may be [Section20C(1)]
12.The Actprovidesforcarryingoutconstructionorre-constructionorrepairorrenovationof
suchbuildingorstructureonsuchland,asthecasemaybe,byanyperson,whoownsor
possessesanybuildingorstructureorlandinanyregulatedarea.Theownerorpossessorofanybuildingorstru
ctureorlandmaymakeanapplicationtotheCompetentAuthorityforcarryingoutconstructionorre-
constructionorrepairorrenovation,asthecasemaybe.[Section20C(2)]
13.ThepermissionforconstructiongrantedbytheASIafterthe16thdayofJune,1992but
endingbeforethedateonwhichtheAncientMonumentsandArchaeologicalSitesand
Remains(AmendmentandValidation) Act2010hascomeintoforce,intheregulatedarea in respectof
suchprotectedmonument, shallbe deemedtohave beenvalidly grantedin
accordancewiththeprovisionofthisAct[Section20B].Asperthisprovisiontheconstructionscarriedoutby
anypersonintheregulatedareawithoutobtainingpriorpermissionfromtheDirectorGeneralisillegalan
dnotvalid.
14.The permissions for constructiongranted bythe ASI afterthe 16thday ofJune,1992 but
endingbeforethedateonwhichtheAncientMonumentsandArchaeologicalSitesand
Remains(AmendmentandValidation)Act,2010,intheprohibitedareaonthebasisof the recommendationof
the ExpertAdvisory Committee,
shallbedeemedtohavebeenvalidlygrantedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisAct[Section20A(3)].
15.TheAct, however, providesthatthe permissionforconstructionorre-constructionofany
buildingorstructuregrantedinanyprohibitedareasubsequenttothecompletionof constructionorre-
constructionofanybuildingorstructure.[Section20A(3)].This
provisionhasnotvalidatedthepermissionsgrantedbytheDirectorGeneralex-post-facto,
whichmeansthatthebuildingsandstructuressoconstructedun-
authorizedbutregularizedlaterwouldbetreatedasunauthorizedandillegal.
16.TheAncientMonumentsandArchaeologicalSitesandRemains(Amendmentand Validation)
Act,2010providesthattheCentralGovernmentmayspecify,bynotificationin
theofficialGazette,anofficernotbelowtherankofDirectoroftheCompetentAuthoritytoperformfunctio
nsunderthe Act.TheCentralGovernmenthasthepowers tospecifydifferentCompetent
AuthoritiesforthepurposeofSections20C,20Dand20E. [Section2(db)]
17.Henceforth,theauthoritytoreceiveapplicationforgrantofpermission for
construction,reconstruction,repairorrenovationintheprohibitedareasorregulatedareas
hasbeenvestedwiththeCompetentAuthority,whoshallbespecifiedbytheCentral
GovernmentthroughaGazettenotificationtodischargehisfunctionsasdefinedinthe Act.
18.Theapplicationsforgrantofpermissionforrepairorrenovationofbuildingsorstructures
whichexistedinaprohibitedareabefore16thofJune1992,orwhichhadbeen
subsequentlyconstructedwiththeapprovalofDirectorGeneralmaybemadetotheCompetentAuthoritybyt
heownerorthepossessorinsuchmannerasmaybe prescribed (as per the rule to be notified).[Section20D
19.Theapplicationsforgrantofpermissionforconstructionorreconstructionorrepairor
renovationofanybuildingorstructureorlandinaregulatedareamaybemadetotheCompetentAuthoritybyt
heownerorthepossessorinsuchmannerasmaybe prescribed (as per the rules to be notified). [Section20D
(1)]
20.TheCompetent
Authorityshallforwardtheapplicationssoreceivedwithin15daystheNationalMonumentAuthoritytoco
nsiderand intimateimpactofsuchconstruction
(includingtheimpactoflargescaledevelopmentproject,publicprojectandproject
essentialtothepublic)inaccordancewithheritagebye-lawstobeframedforthe concerned protected
monument or protected area.[Section20D(2)]
21.TheCentralGovernmentmayprescribethecategoryofapplicationsinrespectofwhichthepermission
maybegrantedundersubsection20D(2)andtheapplications
whichshallbereferredtotheNationalMonument Authorityforrecommendations.[Section20D(2)]
22.TheNationalMonument
AuthorityshallintimatewithintwomonthsafterthereceiptoftheapplicationtotheCompetent
Authorityimpactofsuchconstruction(including
thelargescaledevelopmentproject,publicprojectandprojectessentialtothepublic). [[Section20D(3)]
23.TheCompetentAuthorityshalleithergrantpermissionorconveyrefusaltotheapplicantwithinonemo
nthofreceiptoftherecommendationoftheNationalMonument Authority. [Section20D(4)]
24.TherecommendationoftheNationalMonumentAuthorityshallbefinal.[Section20D (5)]
25.Incaseofrefusalofthepermission,theCompetent Authorityshallbyorderinwritingand
aftergivinganopportunitytotheconcernedpersonintimatesuchrefusalwithinthreemonthsfromthedateofr
eceiptofapplicationtotheapplicant,theCentral Government and the National MonumentAuthority.
[Section20D(6)]
26.TheCompetent
Authorityisempoweredtoreferthepermissionsograntedforcarryingoutofrepairorrenovationworkorre
constructionofbuildingorconstructionofNationalMonumentAuthority,incase,itisfoundthatsuchrepai
rorrenovationor reconstructionorconstructionislikelytocauseanadverseimpactonthepreservation,
safety,securityoraccesstothemonumentconsiderablyforrecommendation,andifso,
recommendedbytheAuthority,theCompetentAuthoritymaywithdrawthepermission granted.
[Section20D(7)]
27.TheprovisotoSection20D(7)authorizestheCompetentAuthority,inexceptional
circumstancesandwiththeapprovaloftheNationalMonument Authority,toconsidergrant
ofpermissionforrepair/renovation/construction/reconstruction,etc.,evenbeforethe heritage bye-laws are
approved /notified. [Section20D(7)]
28.TheCentralGovernmentortheDirectorGeneralshallhavetoexhibitonwebsiteallthepermissionsgra
ntedorrefused[Section20D (8)]
29.TheCompetent AuthorityinconsultationwiththeIndianNational TrustforArtandCultural
Heritageorsuchotherexpertheritagebodies,asmaybenotifiedbytheCentral.
Government,shallprepareheritagebye-lawsinrespectofeachprotectedmonumentand protected area.
[Section20E (1)]
30.Theheritagebye-lawsshallspecifyheritagecontrolssuchaselevation,façade,drainage
system,roadandserviceinfrastructure(includingelectricpoles,waterandsewer
pipelines)inadditiontosuchmattersasmaybeprescribed(tobedetailedoutintherules to be framed).
[Section20E(2)]
31.TheCentralGovernmentshallspecify,byrules(tobeframed),themannerofpreparation
ofdetailedsiteplansinrespectofeachprotectedmonumentorprotectedarea,or
prohibitedareaorregulatedarea,thetimewithinwhichsuchheritagebye-lawsshallbe
preparedandparticularstobeincludedineachsuchheritagebye-laws.[Section20E(3)]
32.Thepreparationofheritagebye-lawsinrespectofeachprotectedmonumentorprotected
areashallbegovernedbythegroundconditionsandnatureofthemonumentforwhichit
hasbeenfoundessentialtoundertakedetaileddocumentationoftheprotectedarea, prohibited area and
regulated area in each case.
33.TheCompetentAuthorityhasbeenauthorizedtoappointexpertsorconsultantsfor preparation of detailed
site plans and heritage bye-laws.[Section20E(4)]
34.Theheritagebye-lawswhichshalleventuallybepreparedbytheCompetent Authoritywith
thehelpofoutsideexpertsandconsultantsshallbegotapprovedbytheNational
MonumentAuthority,whichisproposedtoheavetheChairpersonandmembersof
excellenceintherelevantareaslikearchaeology,countryandtownplanning,architecture, conservation
architecture or law. [Section20E(5)]
35.Theheritagebye-lawsinrespectofeachprotectedmonumentorprotectedareashallbe laid on the table of
each House of Parliament.[Section20E(6)]
Theheritagebye-lawsthereforeshallhavetobepublishedintheOfficialGazettetomake them available to
public.
36.Theheritagebye-lawsshallbeexhibitedbytheCompetent Authorityonthewebsiteafter tabling the same
in each House of Parliament. [Section 20E (7)]
Thisprovisionhasbeenmadetomakethesystemtransparentandtoavoidanyundue inconvenience or
harassment to the public.
37.Penaltyundersection30ofthePrincipal Acthasbeenenhancedfromthreemonthstotwo
yearsandfineofrupeesfivethousandtoonelakhorwithbothinrespectofviolationsub-section (1).
(1)WHOEVER–

(i) Destroys,removes,inquires,alters,defaces,imperilsormisuseaprotected monument,

(ii) Being the owner or occupier of a protected monument, contravenesanordermadeundersub-
section(1)ofsection9orundersub-section(1)ofsection10,or
(iii) Removesfromaprotectedmonumentanysculpture,carving,image,bas-relief, inscription, or other
like object, or
(iv)Doesanyactincontraventionofsub-section(1)ofsection19,shallbe
punishablewithimprisonmentwhichmayextendtotwoyears,orwithfinewhich may extend to one lakh
rupees, or with both,
Similartosub-section(1)thepenaltyforviolationofsub-section(2)ofsection30hasalso been enhanced.
(2)Anypersonwhomovesanyantiquityincontraventionofanotificationissuedunder sub-
section(1)ofsection25shallbepunishablewithimprisonmentwhichmayextend
totwoyearsorwithfinewhichmayextendtoonelakhrupeesorwithboth;andthe
courtconvictionapersonofanysuchcontraventionmaybyorderdirectsuchperson to restore the antiquity to
the place from which it was moved.
38.Inrespectofunauthorizedconstructionsintheprohibitedandregulatedareaofthe
protectedmonumentandprotectedarea,thepenaltyhasbeenincorporatednowbythe AmendmentAct.The
penalty provision is as under –
(i) Whoeverraises,onandafterthedateonwhichtheAncientMonumentsand
ArchaeologicalsitesandRemains(AmendmentandValidation)Act2010,any
constructionintheprohibitedarea,shallbepunishablewithimprisonmentnot
exceedingtwoyearsorwithfinewhichmayextendtoonelakhrupeesorwithboth. [Section30A]
(ii)Whoeverraises,onandafterthedateonwhichtheAncientMonumentsand
ArchaeologicalSitesandRemains(AmendmentandValidation)Act,2010,any
constructionintheregulatedareawithoutpreviouspermissionofthecompetent
authorityorincontraventionofthepermissiongrantedbythecompetentauthority,
shallbepunishablewithimprisonmentnotexceedingtwoyearsorwithfinewhich may extend to one lakh
rupees or with both. [Section30B]
(iii)IfanyofficerofthecentralGovernmententersintooracquiescesinanyagreement
todo,abstainsfromdoing,permits,concealsorconnivesatanyactorthingwhereby
anyconstructionorreconstructiontakesplaceinaprohibitedareaorregulatedarea,
shallbepunishablewithimprisonmentforatermwhichmayextendtothreeyearsor with fine, or both
[Section30C]
39.Thepenaltyhasbeenenhancedtoensurethatitactsadeterrentandnonedaresto
indulgeinunauthorizedandillegalactivitiesaspertheAct.Provisionforsevere
punishmenthasalsobeenmadefortheofficersoftheCentralGovernmentwhoarefound
indulgedinanyactwhichisillegalorunauthorizedasperthe Act.Thiswillmakesurethat
theCentralGovernmentofficersdischargetheirfunctionswithutmostsincerityandasper theAct.
40.TheDirectorGeneralofthe ArchaeologicalSurveyofIndiahasbeenmaderesponsibleto
conductasurveyorcausesurveytobeconductedinrespectofallprohibitedarea
regulatedareasoftheprotectedmonumentsandprotectedareasforthepurposeof
preparingdetailedsiteplanswithinaperiodwhichmaybespecifiedbythecentral
government.AreportonthesurveytobeconductedshallbesubmittedbytheDirector General to the Central
Government and theAuthority. [Section35A (1)and(2)]
Thisexerciseisessentialtodocumenttheexistinggroundconditionsintheprohibited
areasandregulatedareassothatitiseasytofindoutifsomeo nehasundertaken
constructionactivitieswithoutobtainingpermissionfromtheCompetentAuthority.The
preparationofdetailedsiteplansinrespectofeachprotectedmonumentorprotectedarea
isalsoessentialforpreparationofheritagebye-laws. TheDirectorGeneralhastocomplete exercise within a
time to be specified by the Central Government.

41.ResponsibilityhasbeenentrustedupontheDirectorGeneralofthe ArchaeologicalSurvey
ofIndiatoidentifyorcausetobeidentified,allconstruction(ofwhatevernature)madeon
andafterthe16thdayofJune,1992inallprohibitedareasandregulatedareasand,thereafter,submitfromti
metotimeareportinrespectthereoftotheCentralGovernment.[Section35B (1)]
Although,theCirclesoftheASImayhavesomedataonunauthorizedconstructions
carriedoutintheprohibitedandregulatedareasofprotectedmonumentsandsites,this
maynotbecorrectandmanyomissionscouldbetherebecauseoflackofproper
mechanismandmanpowerinfrastructure.Thisisamajorexercisewhichmayinvolvea
lotofinteractionwithPanchayats,Municipalities,Developmentauthorities,revenue
authoritiesandvariousCentralandStateGovernmentdepartmentstofindoutthedetails
ofconstructionscarriedoutintheprohibitedandregulatedareasoftheprotected monuments and protected
areas without approval of the Director General.
42.TheDirectorGeneral, ArchaeologicalSurveyofIndiahasbeengivenpowerstocallfor
informationfromthelocalbodiesandotherauthoritiesforidentificationonofall
constructionsmadeonandafter16thJune,1992inallprohibitedareasandregulated areas.[Section35B
(2)]Thisprovisionmakesitmandatoryforthelocalbodiesandother authoritiestosharethedetailsonun-
authorizeconstructionscarriedoutbytheindividuals
andpublicbodiesintheprohibitedandregulatedareasofthemonumentsandsitesafter the issue of the
notification dated 16th June, 1992in the Official Gazette.
43.Aspersection12oftheAmendmentAct,thepermissionsgrantedbytheArchaeological
SurveyofIndiabetween16thJune,1992andtheenforcementofthe AncientMonuments
andArchaeologicalSitesandRemains(AmendmentandValidation)Act,2010for constructionorre-
constructionorrepairorrenovationexceptthosegrantedex-post-facto
afterthecompletionofthestructureorbuildingintheprohibitedareasandregulatedareas
oftheprotectedoftheprotectedmonumentsandprotectedareashavebeenheldasvalid
andnotchallengeableinanycourt,tribunalorotherauthority.Anyrule,orderornotification madeunderthe
Ancientmonumentsand ArchaeologicalSitesandRemains Act,1958for
carryingoutanyrepair,renovationorconstructionworkorundertakinganypublicworkor
publicprojectbeforethecommencementoftheAncientMonumentsandArchaeological
SitesandRemains(AmendmentandValidation) Act,2010shallalsonotbechallengeable in any court, tribunal
or other authority.